Comprehensive Advantages Research Articles

Achieving Higher Critical Current Density in LGPS-Based Lithium Metal Batteries via a Synergistic Interlayer for Physical Inhibition and Chemical Scavenging of Lithium Dendrites.

Li10.35Ge1.35P1.65S12 (LGPS) electrolyte has garnered attention due to its high ionic conductivity and processability. However, its strong incompatibility with lithium metal hinders its practical application. Conventional interlayer strategy isolates Li from LGPS, avoiding the detrimental side reactions, but lithium dendrite penetration is still a problem. To address the aforementioned challenges, we develop a PVDF-HFP-supported PDOL-based interlayer (PDOL/PVDF-HFP), which stabilizes the LGPS/Li interface by synergistically physically inhibiting and chemically scavenging lithium dendrites. The multifunctional feature of the interlayer comes from the use of a bifunctional initiator, InCl3. On the one hand, InCl3 induces the polymerization of DOL, forming a physical separator and protecting lithium from LGPS; on the other hand, in situ reactions between In3+/Cl- and Li form a LiCl/LiF/LiIn hybrid SEI, homogenizing the surface Li+ flux and suppressing lithium dendrite formation and penetration. In addition, an unexpected dynamic microdendrite scavenging is realized by virtue of the side reactions of LGPS/Li, which converts the undesirable reaction to be an advantage in our design. Benefiting from the comprehensive advantages of such design, the constructed sulfide-based solid-state batteries achieve a super low interfacial impedance of 5.1 Ω, a high critical current density (CCD) value over 5 mA/cm2, and a super long cycling stability over 8000 h. Our synergistic interlayer strategy would open an effective avenue for solving interfacial challenges for practical sulfide-based solid-state batteries.

Enhancing Maneuverability in a Variable Wheelbase Wheeled Mobile Robot Through Dynamic Steering Curvature Control

ABSTRACTVariable wheelbase wheeled mobile robot (VW‐WMR) is capable of maneuvering flexibly and traversing on rough and soil terrains within confined spaces. While the steering radius of the robot model can be robustly changed by the variable wheelbase length, a challenge is posed in accurately tracking a predefined trajectory through the alteration of wheelbase length. A dynamic steering curvature (DSC) control method is proposed in this work to overcome this challenge, which is achieved by two different approaches utilizing the variable wheelbase length and manipulating drifting motions. First, to enable flexible trajectory adjustments, a 3D Ackermann kinematics model, incorporating the lifting motion of the robot box, is developed to control steering curvature by the changes in wheelbase length. Second, to achieve flexible movement for the inner and outer curves of the originally planned curvilinear trajectory, Ackermann drift models are presented by the establishment of two sequence instantaneous centers. Furthermore, the control performance of DSC is validated through simulation experiments on the ROSTDyn Vortex platform, using a six‐wheeled VW‐WMR named HIT‐MRII robot. The effectiveness of DSC for strategically altering the robot's motion trajectory is demonstrated by the results, which show the relation between the changed trajectory position and the variation in wheelbase length, and the variation in the radii of the instantaneous centers (ICs) in the Ackermann drift model, respectively. In addition, the high maneuverability of the robot using the Ackermann model is proven by physical experiments during steering motions on soil terrain. A comprehensive advantage is demonstrated by the results via Ackermann models, which include shorter runtimes, moderate travel distances, and moderate variations in force on the wheels, compared to different velocity, crabbing motion, and equivalent bicycle models.

Applicability of ensemble learning in total organic carbon and porosity evaluation of shales

Accurate evaluation of total organic carbon (TOC) content and porosity is of paramount significance for assessment and target interval selection for shale reservoirs. This study takes shales from the western Chongqing area as an exemplary case to delve into the applicability and reliability of ensemble learning in evaluating TOC content and porosity. The results indicate that although both Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms are suitable for evaluating TOC content and porosity in shales, LightGBM algorithm is preferred due to its comprehensive advantages, including higher accuracy, stronger generalization capability, and faster operating speed. For TOC content evaluation, the four most important logging parameters identified by LightGBM and RF are consistent, but exhibit different orders: DEN (compensated density) > GR (gamma ray) > U (uranium) > CNL (compensated neutron) and DEN > U > GR > CNL, respectively. For porosity evaluation, LightGBM and RF identify the same type and order of the three most important logging parameters: AC (acoustic transit time) > DEN > U. This similarity may be attributed to the fact that both algorithms utilize Classification and Regression Tree (CART) as base learners. The dependence plots between SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values and logging parameters reveal that the role of each logging parameter in the evaluation model is segmented, rather than exhibiting a continuous linear contribution. In conclusion, given the exceptional performance of ensemble learning algorithms, they, especially LightGBM algorithm, are highly recommended for shale evaluation.

Corrosion performance of (ZrYTaAlCr)O ceramic coating materials for heated surface tubes

The comprehensive advantages of waste incineration power generation are evident, gradually replacing composting, landfill, and other treatment methods. However, the presence of chlorine, sulfur, heavy metals, and a variety of hazardous elements in the flue gas has led to severe corrosion of the heated surface tubes of the waste incineration boilers and an increase in the failure rate of the boilers, thus restricting the wider application of waste incineration power generation technology. In this study, (ZrYTaAlCr)O high-entropy ceramic materials were synthesized via the solid-phase reaction method and subjected to exposure in a standard corrosive mixture (SCM) simulating the molten salts environment of waste incineration boilers, consisting of NaCl (25 mol%), KCl (25 mol%), Na2SO4 (25 mol%), and K2SO4 (25 mol%). The corrosion behavior of (ZrYTaAlCr)O ceramics with different proportions was studied through visual detection, corrosion kinetics, XRD, and SEM/EDS analysis. The results show that (Zr0.5Y0.125Ta0.125Al0.125Cr0.125)O forms a NaTaO3 tantalate protective layer in the early stages of corrosion, with fewer types of corrosion products. Compared with other compositions, (Zr0.5Y0.125Ta0.125Al0.125Cr0.125)O has good corrosion resistance and is suitable as a corrosion protection material for the heating surface tubes of waste incineration boilers.

A Comparative Analysis between Enhanced Recovery after Surgery and Traditional Care in the Management of Obstructive Colorectal Cancer.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) represents evidence-based transformation in perioperative care, which has been demonstrated to reduce both recovery times and postoperative complication rates. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of the ERAS program in comparison with conventional postoperative care. This longitudinal cohort observational study enrolled 120 consecutive patients diagnosed with intestinal obstruction caused by colorectal cancers, with 40 patients in the ERAS group and 80 patients receiving conventional postoperative care forming the non-ERAS group. Our study compares the effectiveness of ERAS protocols to non-ERAS methods, focusing on the time to first flatus, defecation, the resumption of normal diet, and early mobilization. The main endpoints are morbidity and hospitalization length. The results showed that despite a longer admission-to-surgery interval in the ERAS group, median hospitalization was significantly shorter compared to the non-ERAS group (p = 0.0002). The ERAS group showed a tendency towards a lower incidence of overall postoperative complications, indicating that implementing the ERAS protocol does not increase the risk of postoperative complications, ensuring the safety of enhanced recovery strategies for patients. Also, ERAS patients had notably fewer stomas than those in the non-ERAS group, indicating the potential effectiveness of reducing stoma necessity. This study shows that ERAS surpasses conventional care for colonic or rectal surgery patients, reducing hospital stays and costs while enhancing recovery. This highlights the comprehensive advantages of adopting ERAS in surgical settings.

Unveiling the dynamic evolution of comparative advantage: assessing the competitiveness of China’s main winter and spring vegetable production regions

IntroductionChina is the world’s largest producer and consumer of vegetables, with all provinces, cities, and autonomous regions cultivating vegetables. The main production areas for winter and spring vegetables have higher accumulated temperatures, allowing for multiple planting seasons throughout the year. Therefore, this article examines the competitiveness of vegetable production in China’s main winter and spring vegetable producing areas from the perspective of the dynamic evolution of comparative advantages.MethodsDrawing on statistical data from 2000 to 2018 on the development of the vegetable industry in these key provinces, our analysis incorporates methods such as the Resource Endowment Coefficient, the Comprehensive Comparative Advantage Index, the entropy method, and systematic cluster analysis to explore the evolution of competitive advantages in vegetable production across various provinces and cities.Results and discussionThe findings reveal significant regional disparities in resource endowments and overall advantages in vegetable production during the winter and spring seasons. Notably, Chongqing, Hubei Province, and Shanghai exhibit a Resource Endowment Factor (EF) averaging above 1, indicating a relative abundance of production resources and a comparative advantage. Similarly, Hainan Province, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangdong Province, Fujian Province, Shanghai, and Zhejiang Province each demonstrate an average Comprehensive Advantage Index (AAI) exceeding 1, affirming their comprehensive comparative strengths. Overall, the competitiveness of vegetable production in these regions exhibits a fluctuating yet ascending trend, with notable disparities in competitive strengths across different areas. The ranking of annual average competitiveness scores in vegetable production is as follows: Shanghai > Zhejiang > Hubei > Hunan > Guangdong > Sichuan > Chongqing > Fujian > Guangxi > Jiangxi > Hainan > Yunnan. Based on these outcomes, the study proposes tailored strategic recommendations for provinces and cities according to their unique resource endowments and comparative advantages, aiming to enhance the sector’s productivity and competitive stance.

Comparative investigation on the performance of spot positioning sensors in point-autofocus microscopy

As products evolve towards greater precision and intelligence, their components also develop towards miniaturisation and increasing complexity. In the era of intelligence, the demand for complex small components continues to grow. The point-autofocus microscopy (PAM), with its attributes such as small measurement spots and high vertical resolution, holds a comprehensive advantage in instruments for measuring the geometry of complex small components. The performance of the spot positioning sensor directly determines the capability of the PAM to measure complex small components. This study introduces the basic measurement principles of the PAM and commonly used spot positioning sensors. The analysis explored the feasibility of applying different sensors to the PAM. An automatic segmentation and weighted localisation algorithm of the spot based on the centroid method was proposed. Using this algorithm, the spot positioning error of the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) sensor can be controlled within 0.48 μm, with a measurement uncertainty of no more than ±0.19 μm. This study focuses on comparing the performance of CMOS and position-sensitive detector sensors with the performance of seven indicators. In addition, a measurement system of the PAM was constructed, and measurements of the test object were conducted using both types of sensors. The experimental results show that when the measurement system employs the CMOS sensor, it achieves higher measurement accuracy. The maximum measurement error was approximately 0.22 μm, with a measurement uncertainty of no more than ±0.10 μm.

Three-Dimensional Coverage Path Planning for Cooperative Autonomous Underwater Vehicles: A Swarm Migration Genetic Algorithm Approach

Cooperative marine exploration tasks involving multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) present a complex 3D coverage path planning challenge that has not been fully addressed. To tackle this, we employ an auto-growth strategy to generate interconnected paths, ensuring simultaneous satisfaction of the obstacle avoidance and space coverage requirements. Our approach introduces a novel genetic algorithm designed to achieve equivalent and energy-efficient path allocation among AUVs. The core idea involves defining competing gene swarms to facilitate path migration, corresponding to path allocation actions among AUVs. The fitness function incorporates models for both energy consumption and optimal path connections, resulting in iterations that lead to optimal path assignment among AUVs. This framework for multi-AUV coverage path planning eliminates the need for pre-division of the working space and has proven effective in 3D underwater environments. Numerous experiments validate the proposed method, showcasing its comprehensive advantages in achieving equitable path allocation, minimizing overall energy consumption, and ensuring high computational efficiency. These benefits contribute to the success of multi-AUV cooperation in deep-sea information collection and environmental surveillance.

Tunable optoelectronic performances of aminated benzothiadiazole-based D-A-D conjugated electrochromic polymers

Introducing heteroatom groups into benzothiadiazole (BT) unit has proven to be a very effective way to improve the optoelectronic properties of conjugate polymer due to its comprehensive advantages of lowering the HOMO or LUMO energy level, and increasing the interaction force on the polymer backbone. However, at present, little attention was paid to introducing amino groups into the BT unit. Herein, in this work, three D-A-D type aminated monomers (Th–NH2-BT, Th–2NH2-BT, and EDOT-2NH2-BT) with aminated benzothiadiazole as the acceptor unit and thiophene or 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as the donor unit were successfully synthesized by Stille coupling reaction, and their corresponding aminated polymers (P(Th–NH2-BT), P(Th–2NH2-BT), and P(EDOT-2NH2-BT)) were facilely achieved by electrochemical polymerization method. The optoelectronic properties of the aminated monomers and their D-A polymers were carefully analyzed, and the electrochemical and electrochromic properties of the resultant aminated polymers were further studied. The finally results show that the absorption and fluorescence spectra of Th–2NH2-BT and EDOT-2NH2-BT are both blue-shifted compared to Th–NH2-BT, and the corresponding optical bandgap are gradually increased (2.41 eV–2.65 eV). EDOT-2NH2-BT has a relatively lower oxidation potential (0.73 V) and P(EDOT-2NH2-BT) also has a wide potential window and better redox stability, which was very beneficial for improving its resultant D-A aminated polymers’ optoelectronic properties. As a result, as-formed P(EDOT-2NH2-BT) shown obvious color change from green in the neutral state to gray in the oxidized state with favorable electrochromic performances, with a high optical contrast (ΔT = 17.17 % at 860 nm) and high coloration efficiency (CE = 223 C−1 cm2 at 860 nm), so it is one of the promising materials that can be used in electrochromic devices.

Fluorine-doped Na0.65MnO2 with a layer-tunnel structure for high-rate and long-cycle-life sodium-ion cathodes

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) exhibit comprehensive advantages in excellent cycling stability and high-rate performance. In this work, we present a novel cathode with a layered-tunnel coexisted structure with F ions, denoted as Na0.65MnO2-xFx. This material was confirmed the coexistence of layered and rod-like tunnel structures by advanced characterization methods. Due to the high specific capacity of the layered structure and the cycling stability of the rod-like tunnel structure, the Na0.65MnO2-xFx (x=0.2) cathode material exhibits outstanding comprehensive performance. At a rate of 0.1 C, the reversible discharge specific capacity is 124.6 mAh g−1, and notably, after 1000 cycles at a high rate of 10 C, the specific capacity is 55.9 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention rate of 98.2 %. This is significantly higher than the 34.1 mAh g−1 and 48.3 % capacity retention of pristine Na0.65MnO2. The introduction of F leads to an increase in the spacing between the oxide layers, the formation of strong metallic bonds and the formation of composite structures, which not only enhances the stability of the transition metal layer structure but also induces complex changes in the microstructure. This approach of ion doping and microstructure optimization provides a fresh perspective for the design and optimization of high-performance materials for SIBs.

Evaluating the Sustainable Development Science Satellite 1 (SDGSAT-1) Multi-Spectral Data for River Water Mapping: A Comparative Study with Sentinel-2

SDGSAT-1, the first scientific satellite dedicated to advancing the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, brings renewed vigor and opportunities to water resource monitoring and research. This study evaluates the effectiveness of SDGSAT-1 in extracting water bodies in comparison to Sentinel-2 multi-spectral imager (MSI) data. We applied a confidence thresholding method to delineate river water from land, utilizing the Normalized Differential Water Body Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and Shaded Water Body Index (SWI). It was found that the SWI works best for SDGSAT-1 while the NDWI works best for Sentinel-2. Specifically, the NDWI demonstrates proficiency in delineating a broader spectrum of water bodies and the MNDWI effectively mitigates the impact of shadows, while SDGSAT-1’s SWI extraction of rivers offers high precision, clear outlines, and shadow exclusion. SDGSAT-1’s SWI overall outperforms Sentinel-2’s NDWI in water extraction accuracy (overall accuracy: 90% vs. 91%, Kappa coefficient: 0.771 vs. 0.416, and F1 value: 0.844 vs. 0.651), likely due to its deep blue bands. This study highlights the comprehensive advantages of SDGSAT-1 data in extracting river water bodies, providing a theoretical basis for future research.

Anchorage Research for CFRP Tendons: A Review.

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons are composite materials that offer significant advantages in terms of tensile strength and lightweight properties. They are being increasingly utilized in the construction industry, particularly in bridge cables and building structures. However, due to their relatively poor transverse mechanical properties compared to steel cables, securing these tendons with anchors presents a challenge. This paper reviews the structure and force characteristics of three types of anchors for CFRP tendons-clamping anchorage, bonded anchorage, and composite anchorage-analyzes and summarizes the anchorage characteristics and damage mechanisms of each type of anchorage, and highlights that the optimization of the mechanical properties of the tendons is key to the design and research of anchoring systems. The new composite anchorage offers comprehensive advantages, such as minimal tendon damage at the anchorage section, more uniform stress distribution, and better anchorage performance, despite being more complex in design compared to single-type anchorages. However, there remain challenges and research gaps in testing and validating these anchoring systems under realistic loading and environmental conditions, including impacts, cyclic stresses, humidity, and high temperatures. Future efforts should focus on developing new testing techniques and models to simulate real-world conditions, enabling more accurate assessments of anchorage performance and longevity. By doing so, we can fully harness the mechanical properties of CFRP tendons and further enhance the safety and efficiency of our built environment.

A contactless energy transfer type of 3-DOF ultrasonic tool holder

The vibration form of the tool has a significant impact on the machining effect in rotary ultrasonic machining. Compared with 1DOF rotary ultrasonic machining, multi-DOF rotary ultrasonic machining have comprehensive advantages in the machining performance. However, the current multi-DOF rotary ultrasonic machining faces the challenges of miniaturization, multi-DOF vibration integration and high rotary speed. Therefore, a 3DOF ultrasonic vibration tool holder with decoupled three-channel contactless energy transfer was proposed, which realize 1DOF, 2DOF and 3DOF rotary ultrasonic machining with the same resonant frequency and the vibration conversion functions at high rotation speed. Structure design, principle analysis and simulation verification was carried out to determine the structure size and material. Through manufacturing and testing of prototype, the results show that under the performance of high speed, high transfer efficiency with 93 % and low temperature rise. The prototype of 3DOF ultrasonic vibration tool holder can not only integrate six vibration forms with high amplitude, but also has the function of replacing the milling tool for metal and grinding tool for brittle materials. Finally, through machining experiments with different vibration forms, two kinds of elliptical vibration produce regular textures with different shapes in the Ti-6Al-4V milling. In Al2O3 grinding, the surface roughness is the lowest under 2DOF vertical elliptical vibration grinding. While the 2DOF horizontal elliptical vibration grinding significantly improves the chip removal and prolongs the tool life. These findings provide guidance for machining performance under various vibration mode. It was proved that this tool holder integrated and switch with multiple vibration modes is of great value for high efficiency and high-quality multi-procedure machining.

American Ginseng Slice Drying and Optimization: Effect of Different Drying Methods on Drying Kinetics and Physicochemical Properties

This study compared four drying methods, namely hot-air and vacuum combined drying (HAVCD), hot-air drying (HAD), vacuum drying (VD), and vacuum freeze-drying (VFD), with the aim to select a high-quality and efficient drying method to dry American ginseng slices. Drying kinetics and various physicochemical properties, such as color, rehydration ratio, total ginsenoside content, total ginsenoside residual rate, hardness, and microstructure were explored. An improved multi-indicator test formula method was used to score the experimental results quantitatively. HAVCD resulted in comprehensive advantages, with the highest product score for the dried American ginseng slices. Therefore, HAVCD was subjected to a response surface methodology (RSM) analysis and process optimization. The interaction of hot-air temperature and vacuum temperature on the comprehensive score of American ginseng drying was highly significant (p < 0.01). The optimized and validated process parameters obtained were a hot-air temperature of 57 °C, a vacuum temperature of 54 °C, and a moisture content at the conversion point of 39% (wet basis). Under these conditions, the best drying time was 170 min; the total ginsenoside content was 2.3 mg/100 g; the L* value was 91.68; the rehydration ratio was 3.10; and the comprehensive score was 96.77. The findings of this work indicated HAVCD as a promising drying method for American ginseng slices, considering the drying time and dried-product quality attributes.

Making Decisions on the Development of County-Level Agricultural Industries through Comprehensive Evaluation of Environmental and Economic Benefits of Agricultural Products: A Case Study of Hancheng City

This study aims to provide a scientific basis for the development of county-level agricultural industries through a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental and economic benefits of agricultural products. Focusing on Hancheng City in Shaanxi Province, this paper calculates and analyzes the carbon emission intensity per unit output value and the economic benefits of major agricultural products, assessing their comprehensive advantage indices. The research methods include data collection, data processing, and model construction, utilizing a bi-factor matrix analysis to explore the balance between environmental sustainability and economic profitability of different agricultural products. The results indicate that pepper and vegetables have the highest comprehensive advantages, demonstrating significant economic and environmental benefits, while soybeans show lower comprehensive advantages, requiring improvements in cultivation techniques and management practices. Based on the research findings, this paper proposes policy and management recommendations for different agricultural products, including focusing on the development of high-comprehensive-advantage products, improving cultivation techniques for low-comprehensive-advantage products, promoting green agricultural technologies, establishing a carbon footprint monitoring system for agricultural products, and strengthening agricultural infrastructure construction. The study’s conclusions provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the agricultural development strategies of Hancheng City and similar regions, contributing to the achievement of sustainable agricultural development and carbon reduction goals.

Researches for higher electrical conductivity copper‐based materials

AbstractCopper and copper‐based materials are widely used in power electronics, automobiles, mechanical manufacturing and high‐tech manufacturing fields such as aerospace, telecommunications and integrated circuits owing to their comprehensive advantages in mechanical, electrical conductivity and processing properties. With the rapid development of technology, many emerging technical fields have introduced more challenging requirements for the electrical conductivity of copper. This article reviews the research status of high‐conductivity copper‐based materials and introduces three methods to improve electrical conductivity, including purification, alloying and addition of nanocarbon materials. We summarise the advantages, disadvantages and future development trends of methods for improving copper conductivity. The key to producing high‐conductivity copper‐based materials is development of low‐cost, continuous and stable processes.

15‐4: WUXGA LTPS Pad with Only 1‐IC‐Chip and 8‐Photo‐Mask Processes

In order to enhance the competitiveness with a‐Si and IGZO products, LTPS tablet product with comprehensive advantages in performance and cost have been developed. In this article, innovative technologies including 8‐Photo‐Mask process and only 1‐IC‐Chip solution are applied, and the performances such as low frame rate, active pens and narrow borders can meet the request of customer.

Effect of interlayer thickness and gap distance on vaporizing foil actuator welding of 5A06 aluminium alloy and 321 stainless steel

The composite structure of aluminium alloy and stainless steel provides a wide range of comprehensive advantages, encompassing properties such as lightweight, high strength, and corrosion resistance. These advantages make composite structure particularly suitable for various applications in industries such as transportation and chemicals. One innovative solid-phase welding technology that is well suited for joining dissimilar materials is vaporizing foil actuator welding. This technology allows for the welding of composite structures made of aluminium and stainless steel, despite the significant differences in physical and chemical properties. To enhance the vaporizing welding process, this paper proposes the introduction of an interlayer between the dissimilar materials. The interlayer consists of a third material that is added to bridge the gap between materials with differing hardness and plasticity. The main objective of introducing the interlayer is to minimise performance disparities and reduce the formation of intermetallic compounds at the interface. By examining the vaporizing foil actuator welding process of aluminium alloy and stainless steel with the interlayer, it aims to analyse the characteristics of the interface morphology. Additionally, this study investigates the energy conversion mechanism of the aluminium foil gasification process and explore the influence of the interlayer on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the interface between aluminium alloy and stainless-steel joints.

Warm Air Bending of AZ31B Sheets Based on an Online Local Contact Heating Method

Abstract Warm forming holds significant potential in shaping challenging materials due to its comprehensive advantages compared to cold and hot forming. Effective heating is crucial for precise warm forming processes. This study explored an innovative warm air bending technique employing an online local contact heating method. Heat transfer during the preheating stage and the air bending of AZ31B sheets were investigated through experiments and finite element analysis at temperatures ranging from room temperature (24 °C) to 250 °C, considering the thermomechanical coupling effect. The results indicate a significant increase in the bending center angle, advancing from 69.8 deg to more than 119 deg as the heating temperature rises from room temperature to 250 °C. Fractures were effectively eliminated when the sheet heating temperatures exceeded 150 °C. Simultaneously, as the localized heating temperature increases, a corresponding decrease in the rebound angle is observed, reducing from 10.6 deg to 2.3 deg. The findings validate the feasibility of warm air bending using online local contact heating in industrial applications, with regard to forming quality and production efficiency.

Exploring the optimal integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) patterns benefiting culture animals and natural water environment

Despite bringing various benefits, rapid developments in aquaculture have contributed to the eutrophication of natural water environments. Therefore, it is imperative to mitigate nutrient load in natural water bodies while ensuring sustainable development of aquaculture. On the basis, we proposed an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system, which considered a perfect solution and constructed an optimised IMTA pattern. Silver and bighead carps and freshwater pearl mussels were used as purification organisms. Six experimental groups were established for a land-based enclosure experiment: giant freshwater prawn monoculture group (G); giant freshwater prawn and freshwater pearl mussel polyculture group (GH2); giant freshwater prawn and silver and bighead carp polyculture group (GSB); giant freshwater prawn, freshwater pearl mussel and silver and bighead carp polyculture groups (GSBH1, GSBH2 and GSBH3) in different densities of freshwater pearl mussels. Each group had four replicates. Control of cyanobacterial blooms, productivity index, outputs of total nitrogen and total phosphorus and microbial community composition were studied and compared in different culturing patterns. Results showed that the GSBH1 group had the most obvious comprehensive advantages in the above four aspects (no cyanobacterial bloom occurred; the best comprehensive productivity index of giant freshwater prawn; the abundance of beneficial microorganisms in sediments was the highest; reduced phosphorus emissions in tailwater by 60.34%; the utilisation rates of nitrogen and phosphorus increased by 10.99% and 13.05%, respectively). Even so, however, the GSBH1 group might not be the most optimal IMTA pattern in practice because the mortality rate of the mussels reached 12.33% and the weight gain was −3.66%. Additionally, the presence of freshwater pearl mussel at its lowest density in this experiment had exhibited detrimental impacts on the growth of silver and bighead carps. Therefore, the most optimal IMTA pattern needs to be determined by further research.