Compound In Organic Phase Research Articles

A membrane-free, aqueous/nonaqueous hybrid redox flow battery

While membrane-free batteries have been successfully demonstrated in static batteries, membrane-free batteries in authentic flow modes with high energy capacity and high cyclability are rarely reported. Here, we present a biphasic flow battery with high capacity employing organic compound in organic phase and zinc in aqueous phase. Under ambient flow testing conditions, a capacity retention of 94.5% is obtained over 190 charging/discharging cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of > 99% at a current density of 8.54 mA cm−2. Self-discharge at full state-of-charge of the membrane-free RFB is negligible (potential drop = 0.78 mV h−1). DFT calculation and operando UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopies are performed to probe minor side reactions during cycling and monitor the water content in the organic electrolyte in real time. The successful demonstration of the prototypical membrane-free battery under flow conditions, together with the developed operando spectroscopic techniques, will open a new avenue towards detailed mechanistic studies and practical applications of redox flow batteries for cost-effective energy storage.

Aromatic Compounds Production from Sorbitol by Aqueous Catalytic Reforming

The rules on regulating aromatic compounds production was investigated by aqueous catalytic reforming of sorbitol. It was found that aromatics, ketones, furans, organic acids were main compounds in organic phase. The obvious effect of metal content showed that the highest carbon selectivity of aromatics was 34.36% when 3wt% Ni content was loaded on HZSM-5 zeolite modified by MCM-41. However, it was decreased only to 4.82% when Ni content was improved to 20wt%. Meanwhile, different reaction parameters also displayed important impacts on carbon selectivity. It was improved with the increase of temperature, while it was decreased as liquid hourly space velocity and hydrogen pressure was increased. The results showed that appropriate higher temperature, longer contact time and lower hydrogen pressure were in favor of aromatics information, which suggested a feasible process to solve energy crisis.

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of hydrophobic magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles

In this paper, with the aid of ultrasonic irradiation, hydrophobic magnesium hydroxide (MH) nanoparticles were synthesized via one-step precipitation reaction, in which the reactant solutions were simultaneously added into an organic phase instead of an aqueous phase. Tween 80 was added as a stabilizer, dispersant and surface modifier. During this synthesis process, ultrasonic irradiation could restrict the crystal growth of MH on each lattice plane and improve hydrophobicity of MH nanoparticles. Addition of Tween 80 was favourable to obtain smaller sized MH nanoparticles with even crystal growth and better dispersibility, and to further enhance the hydrophobic property of MH nanoparticles based on its bridging function between surface of MH nanoparticles and aliphatic compounds in organic phase. In addition, the morphology and the properties of obtained MH nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FESEM, FT-IR, TGA, respectively. The improved hydrophobicity and dispersibility of surface modified MH nanoparticles were also verified by the sedimentation tests.

One-step separation and purification of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, salvianolic acid B and protocatechualdehyde from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge by high-speed counter-current chromatography

Three kinds of polyphenols of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, salvianolic acid B and protocatechualdehyde, were separated and purified in one step with solvent system n-hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–acetic acid–water (1:6:1.5:1.5:8) by high-speed counter-current chromatography. Acetic acid was successfully used to increase the partition of high polar target compounds in organic phase to modify partition coefficient value. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, salvianolic acid B and protocatechualdehyde were purified from 100 mg water extracted crude sample of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge at purity of 97.6%, 94.2% and 98.2% and at yield of 98.6%, 73.6% and 90.2%. High-speed counter-current chromatography together with organic/aqueous solvent system supplied an efficient method to purify water-soluble compounds directly from crude samples of traditional Chinese medicines.

EXTRACTION OF INDIUM FROM SULFURIC ACID SOLUTIONS BY MIXTURES OF DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHOSPHORIC AND OCTANOIC ACIDS

ABSTRACT The extraction of indium from sulfuric acidic solutions by mixtures of di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric (D2EHPA, HR) and octanoic (HA) acids was studied. The state of D2EHPA in octanoic acid was investigated by IR-spectroscopy. It was shown that the nonideal behavior in this system occurs due to the partial dimerization of D2EHPA in organic phase. A strong antagonistic effect observed during the extraction of indium is caused by a HR–HA interaction at the expense of formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Low indium concentrations and high excess of extracting agent, as well as application of “inert” diluents, result in the formation of In(HR2)3 compound in organic phase.