Compounds In Human Body Research Articles

Examination of anti-oxidant properties and molecular docking parameters of some compounds in human body

There are many hormones and molecules in the human body. Many of these take place in different jobs and tasks. Some of these hormones are serotonin (A1), testosterone (A2), dopamine (A3), adrenaline (A4), methylcytosine (A5) and creatine (A6). The anti-oxidant properties of these molecules in both gas and water phases of the HF/6-31g(d,p) basis set were calculated with the Gaussian package program. After this process, molecular docking calculations were made to compare the activities of molecules against proteins with anti-oxidant properties whose name are human peroxiredoxin-5 (HP5) and bovine xanthine oxidase (BXO), were compared.

Development of the pH responsive chitosan-alginate based microgel for encapsulation of Jughans regia L. polyphenols under simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro

The present research was designed to fabricate a novel pH-responsive microgel based on chitosan/sodium alginate (CS/ALG) to encapsulate the polyphenols from the shells of Juglans regia L. (JRP-Microgel), and investigate the physicochemical properties of JRP-Microgel as well as analyze the release characteristic and phenolic composition variation under simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. The results showed that JRP-Microgel belonged to semi-crystalline substances, and presented regular spherical or subspherical shape with neat edge and uniform particle size. JRP-Microgel possessed better physicochemical stabilities compared with unencapsulated JRP. Furthermore, JRP-Microgel exhibited excellent sustained release characteristic under simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Nevertheless, during different digestive phase, the phenolic composition of microgel was significantly different from the one of untreated JRP, suggesting that JRP-Microgel could prevent the degradation of JRP induced by gastrointestinal digestion. In conclusion, above results provide the experimental basis for the application of microgel encapsulation to improve the bioavailability of phenolic compounds in human body.

Phytochemical, HPLC and FTIR Analysis of Methanolic Extract from Gracilaria dura (C Agardh) J Agardh.

Marine algae are known to contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds. They are also rich in novel biomolecules and can be explored for the development of drugs to combat lifestyle diseases like cancer, diabetes etc. Red algae are known for their nutraceutical and functional importance. But there are a lot of limitations regarding their availability and in estimating which algal fractions are biologically active. Similarly, the mode of digestion of such compounds in human body is not yet properly traced. In this juncture, the present study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of the red alga, Gracilaria dura. Methanolic extract of G. dura showed the presence of reducing sugar, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and terpenoids. Further, the HPLC analysis was attempted to fractionate the polyphenolics. Various phenolic acids such as of gallic acid, vanillic acid, sinapic acid, p-coumaric acid, hydroxybenzoic, phloroglucinol, catechol and cinnamic acid were identified. Subsequently, the methanolic solvent extract of G. dura was subjected to fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of the functional groups. The results based on the spectral data of FTIR revealed the presence of aliphatic constituents containing alkanes, ketones, alkyl halides, hydroxyl groups etc. Thus, the observed finding envisages that methanolic extract of G. dura contained potential bioactive compounds which can be used for analysing the various biological activities.
 Keywords: Gracilaria dura, Phytochemical, Methanolic extract, HPLC, FTIR

Characterization of three main degradation products from novel oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban under stress conditions by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS

Drugs of long-term use may cause the accumulation of chemical compounds in human body. Therefore, the evaluation and structure characterization of synthesis and degradation impurities is substantial to guarantee drug safety and successful pharmaceutical therapy. The present work evaluated the anticoagulant rivaroxabana (RIV) under stress conditions in order to elucidate the chemical structure of major degradation products (DPs) formed after drug exposition to acid and alkaline hydrolysis, and UVC radiation. Analyses were performed in UPLC coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight MS. ESI was applied in positive mode, and C18 Agilent® column (2.1×50mm, 1.8μm) used for separation of compounds. RIV molecular íon [M+H]+ (m/z 436.07) was fragmented under 20kV, best energetic condition to obtain clear and reproducible fragmentation pattern, assisting identification of RIV DPs. With support from UPLC separation and specific detection by MS/MS, three main degradation products (DP-1, DP-2, and DP-3) formed under stress conditions were successfully characterized. Presented study agrees with requirements for analytical assessment of impurities in pharmaceutical formulations, ensuring quality of pharmaceutical substances.

Norharman and Harman in Human Urine.

It has been shown that norharman and harman, present in our environment, may act as genotoxic compounds in human body. In order to have an insight of the extents of exposure to these β-carbolines, we measured their levels in human urine. Samples of 24-hr urine were collected from ten healthy volunteers eating a normal diet and three patients receiving parenteral alimentation. The urine samples were separated by blue cotton treatment, cation exchange IONEX column chromatography and HPLC on a semi-preparative ODS column. The contents of norharman and harman in the partially purified materials were determined by HPLC with a fluorometric detector. Norharman and harman were detected in all 24-hr urine samples from healthy volunteers at levels of 9.3-33.5ng and 97.7-298ng, respectively. These β-carbolines were also found to be present in the urine of the three patients and their levels in the 24-hr urine were comparatively lower than those in urine of healthy volunteers eating normal diet. After changing from parenteral alimentation to diet, the two β-carboline levels in urine increased in two of the three patients. From the above results, it is suggested that humans are continuously exposed to norharman and harman derived endogenously and exogenously.

Immobilization of multienzymes of urea cycle into fibrin membrane: an approach to an artificial liver.

The final obligatory step for the metabolism of nitrogeneous compounds in human body is the conversion of ammonia to urea through carbamyl phosphate and urea cycle with the aid of ATP. Accumulation of ammonia in human blood is observed for patients with liver failure and hepatic coma and gives rise to a serious damage to brain. The metabolic pathway for the urea synthesis from ammonia is shown below, which is mainly conducted in liver.KeywordsUrea CycleHepatic ComaUrea SynthesisImmobilize SystemInorganic PyrophosphataseThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.