Compound Polyethylene Glycol Research Articles

Highly catalytic reduced graphene oxide decorated Cu2S counter electrode boosting quantum dot–sensitized solar cell performance

This paper shows the outcomes of making and planning quantum dot solar cells with cathode electrodes made from a nanocomposite of rGO and Cu2S. The hydrothermal method is used to make this stuff into a powder, which is then mixed with polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone to make a paste coating that is then printed onto an FTO substrate that is conductive. Cu2S, rGO, and rGO@Cu2S nanocomposite electrodes, with the initial mass of graphene oxide varying at 8 mg, 12 mg, and 16 mg. The composition and structure of the films were determined using EDX mapping, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR spectra, confirming that they were successfully fabricated. In addition, the results showed that the surface of the film is very porous, making it suitable for electrode fabrication. The results of measuring the PCE show that the efficiency has been effectively improved. The efficiency of the rGO counter electrodes is increased as compared to the Cu2S counter electrodes. The device has the highest efficiency of 5.665%, VOC = 0.48V, JSC = 22.776 mA cm−2, and FF = 0.518 for the 12 mg-rGO@Cu2S counter electrode. This result shows that the support of the graphene network helps the Cu2S nanoparticles be distributed more evenly when Cu2S material is directly coated on the FTO. Besides, the graphene network also helps to make the electrons transition to the polysulfide more flexible, which is proven through cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results.

Retracted: Effect of Compound Polyethylene Glycol Electrolyte Powder on the Quality of Gastrobowel Preparation before Enteroscopy Intervention.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/9895499.].

Physiological changes of microalga Dunaliella parva under the treatment of PEG, CaCl2

Carotenoids are antioxidants, which reduce various chronic diseases of human, and have many industrial applications. The halophilic Dunaliella parva (D. parva) is rich in carotenoids. The compounds CaCl2 and PEG are the popular metabolic enhancers. To further enhance carotenogenesis, D. parva was treated with two compounds polyethylene glycol (PEG) and CaCl2. Application of CaCl2 and PEG enhanced the carotenoids contents and the antioxidant activities of carotenoids compared to control group (no treatment of CaCl2 or PEG). The highest carotenoids contents were obtained by treating D. parva with 40 ppm CaCl2 (3.11 mg/g dry weight, DW) and 80 ppm PEG (2.78 mg/g DW) compared with control group (1.96 mg/g DW). When D. parva was treated with 40 ppm CaCl2 and 80 ppm PEG, protein contents reached the highest values (90.28 mg/g DW and 89.57 mg/g DW) compared to that of control group (73.42 mg/g DW). The antioxidant activities of carotenoids samples were determined. Generally, the antioxidant activities of carotenoids from D. parva treated with PEG and CaCl2 were superior to that of control group. The antioxidant activities of carotenoids mainly contained reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide radical scavenging activity. The reducing powers of carotenoids extracts from 20 ppm CaCl2 group (2.07%/mg carotenoids) and 120 ppm PEG group (1.59%/mg carotenoids) were significantly higher than that of control group (<1.25%/mg carotenoids). The superoxide radical scavenging activities of carotenoids extracts from 40 ppm CaCl2 group (70.33%/mg carotenoids) and 80 ppm PEG group (65.94%/mg carotenoids) were significantly higher than that of control group (<55%/mg carotenoids). This paper laid a foundation for massive accumulation of carotenoids in microalga D. parva.

A ROS-responsive microsphere capsule encapsulated with NADPH oxidase 4 inhibitor ameliorates macrophage inflammation and ferroptosis

Inflammatory macrophages within the synovium play a pivotal role in the progression of arthritis inflammation. Effective drug therapy targeting inflammatory macrophages has long been a goal for clinicians and researchers. The standard approach for treating osteoarthritis (OA) involves systemic treatment and local injection. However, the high incidence of side effects associated with long-term drug administration increases the risk of complications in patients. Additionally, the rapid clearance of the joint cavity poses a biological barrier to the therapeutic effect. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is an enzyme protein regulating the cellular redox state by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the cell. In this study, we designed and fabricated a hydrogel microsphere consisting of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) as the outer layer structure. We then loaded GLX351322 (GLX), a novel selective NOX4 inhibitor, into hydrogel microspheres through self-assembly with the compound polyethylene glycol ketone mercaptan (mPEG-TK) containing a disulfide bond, forming nanoparticles (mPEG-TK-GLX), thus creating a two-layer drug-loaded microspheres capsule with ROS-responsive and slow-releasing capabilities. Our results demonstrate that mPEG-TK-GLX@PVA-MMA effectively suppressed TBHP-induced inflammation, ROS production, and ferroptosis, indicating a promising curative strategy for OA and other inflammatory diseases in the future.

Bowel preparation efficacy and safety of compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder combined with linaclotide for colonoscopy: A randomized controlled trial.

Adequate bowel preparation is essential for colonoscopy, which is important for detecting colon polyps and preventing colorectal cancer. Linaclotide is approved for irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation (IBS-C) symptoms. The main objective of this study was to explore the quality of bowel preparation by low-volume compound polyethylene glycol (PEG) combined with linaclotide. A total of 266 patients who underwent colonoscopy in Shangrao People's Hospital from June 2021 to June 2022 were randomized to 1 of 3 split PEG regimens: 4LPEG, 2LPEG, and 2LPEG + L (linaclotide). The primary end point was adequate bowel preparation (Boston Bowel Preparation Scale [BBPS] total score of ≥6, with each of three colonic segments subscores ≥2). Secondary outcomes were polyp detection rates and the incidence of adverse reactions. Over 12 months, 266 subjects were randomized into 2LPEG (n = 12), 4LPEG (n = 112), or 2LPEG + L (n = 142). There were no significant differences between the 4LPEG and 2LPEG + L groups in achieving adequate bowel preparation (P > 0.05). The mean BBPS score of the total colon, left hemi-colon, right hemi-colon, and transverse in the 2LPEG + L group was higher than that in the 2LPEG group (P < 0.001). Patient's sleeping quality and the incidence of adverse reactions of 2LPEG + L group were compatible with 2LPEG group, but it was significantly lower than that in 4LPEG group. There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of colon polyps between each group. The quality of bowel preparation of the compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder combined with linaclotide is approximately the same as that of 4LPEG, and it can reduce the adverse reactions in the process of bowel preparation, and its intestinal cleansing effect is also better than that of 2LPEG.

Effect of Compound Polyethylene Glycol Electrolyte Powder on the Quality of Gastrobowel Preparation before Enteroscopy Intervention.

Objective To study the effect of compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder (PGEP) on the quality of gastrobowel preparation before enteroscopy intervention. Methods From March 2021 to January 2022, among the patients who needed enteroscopy in our hospital, 280 patients who volunteered for this study were randomly selected as the research objects. All the subjects were randomly divided into the control group (140 cases) and the observation group (140 cases). Both groups received routine treatment before enteroscopy intervention. On this basis, patients in the control group were given 9 g of senna every day before operation, and 250 ml of 20% mannitol and 2500 ml of water were taken orally from 9:00 am to 11:00 am on the day of examination. Patients in the observation group took PGEP orally from 9:00 am to 11:00 am. The effective rate of bowel cleaning, the frequency of defecation and duration of diarrhea, the levels of blood electrolyte indexes such as Na+, K+, and Cl− before and after the intervention, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The effective rate of bowel cleaning in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The frequency of defecation and duration of diarrhea in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of blood electrolyte indexes in the observation group after the intervention were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Using PGEP for gastrobowel preparation before enteroscopy intervention can achieve high bowel cleaning efficiency, short bowel preparation time, and low incidence of adverse reactions, which does not affect the water-electrolyte balance of patients, and the psychological state of patients before enteroscopy intervention is more stable. This program is worthy of clinical promotion.

Clinical efficacy of adaptive biofeedback training combined with oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol 4000-electrolyte powder in the treatment of children with outlet obstruction constipation: a prospective randomized controlled trial

To study the clinical efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages of adaptive biofeedback training combined with oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol 4000-electrolyte powder in the treatment of children with outlet obstruction constipation (OOC). A total of 168 children with OOC were enrolled in this prospective study. All the subjects were randomly divided into a test group and a control group based on the order of visiting time, 84 in each group. The test group was treated with adaptive biofeedback training combined with oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol 4000-electrolyte powder, and the control group was treated with oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol 4000-electrolyte powder alone. Eleven children in the test group and two children in the control group withdrew from the study since they could not finish the whole treatment course. Finally, 73 children in the test group and 82 children in the control group were included in this analysis. As clinical outcomes, the total score of clinical symptoms and overall response rate were compared between the two groups at weeks 4 and 8 of treatment. There was no significant difference in the total score of clinical symptoms between the two groups at beginning of treatment and at week 4 (P>0.05), while the test group had a significantly lower total score of clinical symptoms than the control group at week 8 (P<0.05). At week 4, there was no significant difference in overall response rate between the two groups (P>0.05), while the test group had a significantly higher overall response rate than the control group at week 8 (P<0.05). Adaptive biofeedback training combined with oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol 4000-electrolyte powder is significantly associated with improvement of clinical outcomes in the treatment of children with OOC.

Evaluation of in-service speed performance improvement by means of FDR-AF (frictional drag reducing anti-fouling) marine coating based on ISO19030 standard

In previous reports by the authors, the drag reduction performance of a novel frictional drag reduction self-polishing copolymer (FDR-SPC) was presented. The drag-reducing functional compound polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA) was used in the synthesis process, thereby allowing the release of polyethylene glycol (PEG) into seawater by a hydrolysis reaction. In a laboratory skin friction measurement, a low-friction antifouling (AF) coating based on FDR-SPC was found to provide a 25% skin friction reduction compared with a conventional AF coating. This coating was then applied to the entire underwater surface of a 176 k DWT bulk carrier during dry docking in December 2015. The propulsion performance of the present vessel as well as the weather conditions were recorded over five years from November 2014 to December 2019. It was imperative that the hull coating performance be evaluated without being affected by the additional resistance component associated with weather conditions such as wind and waves. ISO 19,030 is proposed as a new international standard for that purpose. Based on this standard, in-service navigation data collected from the 176 k DWT bulk carrier, which amounts to 5.7 million data points, are analyzed to assess the speed improvement performance of the present frictional drag reduction antifouling (FDR-AF) coating. The analysis results indicate that the present coating leads to a speed increase of 3.72% over the conventional AF coating. The speed improvement effect is equivalent to power (fuel) saving of 11.7%.

One case of anaphylactic shock caused by compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder

One case of anaphylactic shock caused by compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder

Effects of different amount of intestinal fluids and different administration time in the preparation of the intestinal microscopy

Objective To explore the optimized ratio of magnesium sulfate and compound polyethylene glycol electric dissolution of two common colon cleansing agent in the preparation of intestinal microscopy, so as to provide references for bowel preparation in clinical colonoscopy treatment. Methods A total of 480 cases of outpatients and inpatients for colonoscopy from March 2016 to March 2017 were selected. All the patients who took magnesium sulfate and compound polyethylene glycol electric dissolution were respectively assigned into four groups according to the dosage and different time of administration, with 60 cases in each group. The effects of bowel preparation and the incidence of adverse effects were compared. Results In the magnesium sulfate groups, there were 53 cases of ClassⅠthe score of bowel cleaning in the group of taking 25% magnesium sulfate 100 ml and water 2 000 ml orally in 1 hour, which was better than the other 3 groups. Hintergroup was 105.654 1 (P 0.05) . Conclusions When using magnesium sulfate in the colonoscopy bowel preparation, taking 25% magnesium sulfate 100 ml and warm water 2 000 ml in 1 hour by oral could get the best colon cleaning effects. When using compound polyethylene glycol electric dissolution, the best cleaning effect ratio is 2 boxes of compound polyethylene glycol electric dissolution with water 1 500 ml in 1 hour, which is suitable for popularization and application. Key words: Colonoscopy; Bowel preparation; Magnesium sulfate; Compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte dispersion

Heparin at physiological concentration can enhance PEG-free in vitro infection with human hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a blood-borne pathogen responsible for chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The mechanism of HBV entry into hepatocytes remains to be investigated. Recently, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) was discovered as a major HBV receptor based on an in vitro infection system using NTCP-reconstituted HepG2 cells. However, this infection system relies on the compound polyethylene glycol (4% PEG), which is not physiologically relevant to human infection. High concentration of heparin has been commonly used as an inhibitor control for in vitro infection in the field. Surprisingly, we found that heparin at physiological concentration can enhance HBV infection in a PreS1-peptide sensitive, NTCP-dependent manner in both HepaRG and HepG2-NTCP-AS cells. O-sulfation of heparin is more important for the infection enhancement than N-sulfation. This system based on the HepG2-NTCP-AS cells can support in vitro infection with HBV genotypes B and C, as well as using serum samples from HBeAg positive and negative chronic carriers. In summary, our study provides a PEG-free infection system closely resembling human natural infection. In addition, it points to a future research direction for heparin and heparin-binding host factor(s) in the blood, which are potentially involved in viral entry. To our knowledge, this is the first soluble and circulatory host factor which can enhance HBV in vitro infection.

Comparison of four different bowel preparation methods for colonoscopy

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of four different bowel preparation methods for colonoscopy. Methods 620 patients examined by coloscopy were randomized into four groups(group A, B, C and D), with each group in 155 cases.Group A received magnesium sulfate.Group B received compound polyethylene glycol.Group C received magnesium sulfate combined with simethicone.Group D received compound polyethylene glycol combined with simethicone.The quality and influencing factors, the detection of polyps and adverse events were compared between the four groups. Results The good bowel cleaning rate of group A, B, C and D were respectively 84.52%, 91.61%, 85.81% and 94.19%.The good bowel cleaning rates of group A and C were higher than those of group B and D (χ2=4.32, P<0.05; χ2=7.63, P<0.05; χ2=4.10, P<0.05; χ2=6.06, P<0.05.). The bubble free rate of group A, B, C and D were 86.45%, 87.74%, 92.26% and 90.96%.The bubble free rates of group C and D were higher than those of group A and B (χ2=4.17, P<0.05; χ2=4.76, P<0.05; χ2=5.02, P<0.05; χ2=4.23, P<0.05). The polyp detection rates of group A, B, C and D were 35.4%, 36.8%, 51.6% and 54.2%.Group C and D showed higher quality of foam eliminating and detection rate of polyps as compared with group A and B (χ2=8.24, P<0.05; χ2=11.04, P<0.05; χ2=6.95, P<0.05; χ2=9.53, P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions of group A and C (21.3% and 19.4%) were higher than group B and D (7.8% and 6.5%)(χ2=11.86, P<0.05; χ2=14.95, P<0.05; χ2=9.18, P<0.05; χ2=11.95, P<0.05). The frequency of colonoscopy, constipation, medication and examination time interval, bowel preparation methods and adverse events were the the influence factors of bowel preparation. Conclusion The quality of bowel preparation of compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder is better than magnesium sulfate with high security.Treatment of combination with simethicone can improve bowel preparation quality.Many factors can affect bowel preparation, which need to be paid attention to. Key words: Colonoscopy; Magnesium sulfate; Compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder; Simethicone emulsion; Bowel preparation

Molecular Assembly of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Complex

Mitochondrial Ca2+ regulates a wide variety of physiological processes, including ATP production and cell death. Rapid Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria is mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, which is composed of the pore forming MCU protein, and the regulatory proteins EMRE, and MICU1/MICU2. Currently, the submitochondrial localization and transmembrane orientation of these proteins are either unknown or under debate. We attack these issues using a classical thiol-modification approach. We removed native MCU complex proteins in HEK293 cells using CRISPR/Cas9, and reintroduced mutants containing a single cysteine at defined positions. Treatments of the mitoplast with a bulky, thiol-reactive compound polyethylene glycol (PEG) maleimide would alter the molecular weight of the protein if the engineered Cys is exposed to the intermembrane space. Using this strategy along with other biochemical methods, we demonstrated that (1) MCU adopts an orientation with the signature DIME motif facing intermembrane space (IMS), (2) the conserved C-terminal polyaspartic tail of EMRE is in the IMS, (3) both MICU1 and MICU2 are associated with the outer leaflet of the inner membrane, and (4) although MICU1 is a peripheral membrane protein, MICU2 is an integral component of the inner membrane. Then, applying domain interaction analysis and mutagenesis screening, we identified molecular contacts that govern the Ca2+ transport behavior of the MCU complex. In particular, we demonstrate that EMRE interacts with MCU through the transmembrane helices to activate the Ca2+ pore, while using the polyaspartic tail to recruit MICU1/2 to gate the pore. This dual functionality of EMRE ensures that all functional MCU complexes respond appropriately to Ca2+ stimuli from the cytosol, safeguarding against dangerous Ca2+ leakage, which could diminish mitochondrial energy output and potentially trigger apoptotic cell death.

Application of simethicone combined with compound polyethylene glycol in bowel preparation before colonoscopy

Application of simethicone combined with compound polyethylene glycol in bowel preparation before colonoscopy

Comparison of three oral regimens with compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte for bowel preparation

Objective To evaluate the effects of three methods with oral compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder. Methods A total of 180 patients scheduled for colonoscopy were prospectively randomized into three groups, group A (n=67), group B (n=54) and group C (n=59), which received 4-L split-dose PEG, 3-L split-dose PEG and 4-L whole-dose PEG, respectively. The colon cleansing quality, the access time and polyp detection were evaluated. Results The access times of the 3 groups were(10.07±5.219)min, (10.19±4.903)min and (11.05±5.306)min, respectively, which had no significant differences (P>0.05). However, in terms of the quality of colon cleansing, group A was superior to group B, and there was significant difference in the scores of recto-sigmoid colon, mid colon, right colon, total fluid quantity as well as total score between the two groups(P 0.05). Conclusion 4-L split-dose PEG is better than the other 2 regimens in the colon cleansing quality, so it can better reach the intestinal cleaning standards before enteroscopy, which is a more suitable regimen for bowel preparation. Key words: Colonoscopy; Compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte power; Bowel preparation

Application of Puritybile capsules combined with different doses of Compound polyethylene glycol in bowel preparation

Objective The study aimed to observe the influence of Puritybile capsules combined with different doses of Compound polyethylene glycol (PEG) in bowel preparation. Methods 120 patients were set into three groups (group A, B and C) randomly (40 patients in each). Group A take the routine Compound polyethylene glycol treatment orally. On the basis of the same routine Compound polyethylene glycol treat-ment, group B added regular dose of Puritybile capsules. Group C took half dose of Compound polyethylene glycol and regular dose of Puritybile capsules. The cleaning effect and adverse reaction were compared among three groups. Results According to Ottawa Scale, the cleaning effects as well as the existing of air bubbles showed no significant difference among three groups. Among which group C was 30% lower than that of group A, 10% lower than that of group B. There was no statistical differences in adverse events. Conclusions Half dose of Compound polyethylene glycol and regular dose of Puritybile capsules can guarantee the ef-fect of bowel cleaning and lower medical expense of patients. Key words: Colonoscopy; Compound polyethylene glycol; Puritybile capsules

Magnesium sulfate combined with compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte in the bowel preparation before capsule endoscopy

Objective To evaluate magnesium sulfate and compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte in bowel preparation before capsule endoscopy . Methods A total of 81 patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A （n = 41 ） received compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte, and group B （n = 40） re- ceived magnesium sulfate combined with compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte. Positive detection rate, intestinal preparation score, the incidence of capsule retention and solution quality, liver and kidney function were compared between those two groups. Results The positive detection rates of capsule endoscopy were 65.9% （27/41） in group A and 62. 5% （25/40） in group B, which were nonsignificantly different （X2 = 0. 099 ,P 〉 0.05 ）. The intestinal preparation scores of 19 patients in group A were ≤4 and those of 22 pa- tients were ≥6, while those of 28 patients in group B were ≤4 and of 12 patients were ≥6, which were sig- nificantly different （X2 =4. 653, P 〈 O. 05 ）. The rates of capsule retention of group A and B were 2. 4% （ 1/41 ） and 5.0% （2/40） respectively, which were not significantly different （X2 = 0. 372,P 〉 0. 05 ）. Obvious abdominal pain, nausea or vomitting occurred in no patients of the two groups. There was no difference in electrolyte level or liver and kidney function between those two groups （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. Conclusion Magnesium sulfate combined with compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte is applicable for the bowel preparation before capsule endoscopy. Key words: Capsule endoscopy; Magnesium sulfate; Compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte; Bowel preparation

Evaluation of Polyethylene Glycol as a Neuroprotective Strategy for Acute Spinal Cord Injury

The pathophysiology of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) involves abnormal activation of the proteolytical enzymes calpain-1 and caspase-3. In the present study we examined the effect of a single intravenous injection of the putative neuroprotective compound polyethylene glycol (PEG) on cytoskeletal protection following cervical SCI in mature Wistar rats. PEG (2000 Da; 30% w/w in sterile lactate ringers (SLR)) or SLR vehicle was administered in the rat tail vein at times 1 or 4 hours after a 35g clip extradural compression injury at C7/T1. To assess the neuroprotective efficacy of PEG in the acute setting postinjury, we measured the levels of dephosphorylated neurofilament 200 (NF200) together with the accumulation of spectrin break down product 150 (SBDP 150) at times 2, 4, 8, or 24 hours post-SCI using Western blot approaches to assess calpain-1 activity. Western blots were also used to assess caspase-3 activity at 24 hours post-SCI via measurement of the accumulation of processed 17-kDa caspase-3 fragments. The mean ± SEM relative optical density values for dephosphorylated NF200 corresponding to the SLR and PEG treatments at times 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours post-SCI were 0.64 ± 0.049 and 0.48 ± 0.166, 0.3 ± 0.028 and 0.48 ± 0.134, 0.33 ± 0.077 and 0.46 ± 0.076, and 0.24 ± 0.018 and 0.38 ± 0.040, respectively. Moreover, the levels of dephosphorylated NF200 were significantly greater following PEG-treatment by 24 hours post-SCI ( p = 0.0362). Moreover, PEG-mediated preservation of dephosphorylated NF200 was correlated with reduced calpain-1 activity at 2 and 4 hours post-SCI. Furthermore, PEG treatment resulted in reduced levels of accumulated 17-kDa caspase-3 fragments. In conclusion, these data obtained in a clinically relevant model of cervical SCI suggest that PEG protects the injured cord by preserving cytoskeletal protein NF200, possibly through reducing calpain-1 and caspase-3 activities. Moreover, the protective effects afforded by PEG may occur within a relevant therapeutic window of opportunity, as the efficacy of PEG treatments occurred even when the drug was administered 4 hours postinjury. These data are critical in establishing the therapeutic potential for translation of PEG into the clinical arena.

Thermal degradation of polyurethanes. Model compounds

An analysis was carried out of degradation products of model compounds polyethylene glycol and ethylene diphenylcarbamate. Pyrolysis has been effected at 350 and 400°C under nitrogen and in vacuo. The products were analyzed by gas chromatography. Aniline, CO2, CO, C2H4, CH3CHO, etc., were found.