Ingredients Of Compounds Research Articles

Secondary Network Formation in Epoxidized Natural Rubber with Alternative Curatives.

Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) offers a unique combination of strength, sustainability, and versatile structure, making it a good candidate for creating sacrificial and reformable bonds via secondary curatives. These curatives should be simple and compatible with other rubber ingredients and industrial mixing processes. Although many alternative curatives, including zinc chloride, zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA), and sebacic acid (SA), have been proven to be successful, they have never been compared in the same compound. Moreover, the effectiveness of these alternative curatives on network formation, including their interactions with the other ingredients of a rubber compound, such as fillers, coupling agents, and traditional curatives, has not been fully studied yet. Based on the current study, these secondary curatives alone cannot provide a sufficient level of vulcanization. However, adding ZDMA or SA together with sulfur curatives allowed improving the tensile properties and showed microlevel self-healing behavior during cyclic loading. The addition of 10 phr (parts per hundred rubber) ZnCl2 created weak, short, and rigid bonds in ENR detectable by simple Payne measurements. However, that led to active interaction with all compounding ingredients and deterioration of the physical properties. Reducing the ZnCl2 load to 1 phr allowed full recovery of stress after the cyclic test and fair tensile strength of the compound.

Exploring the Impact of Bio-Based Plasticizers on the Curing Behavior and Material Properties of a Simplified Tire-Tread Compound.

The tire industry needs to become more sustainable to reduce pollution and fight climate change. Replacing fossil ingredients in a tire-tread compound with bio-based alternatives is an approach to create a more sustainable product. For instance, the plasticizer can be replaced, which is a petroleum-based ingredient used in relatively high amounts in the rubber. This approach was followed in the current study. Three plant-based plasticizers were selected as potential substitutes for treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE) in a simplified tire-tread compound formulation, namely, sunflower oil, coconut oil, and cardanol. Additionally, squalane was used as a TDAE replacement to further investigate the possible interactions between plasticizers and other compound ingredients. Squalane (C30H62) is a fully saturated substance, containing six methyl groups but no additional chemical functional groups. Therefore, it was expected that squalane would result in limited interactions within the studied system. All alternatives to TDAE showed an increased cure rate and decreased scorch time, except squalane. This indicates that the three bio-based plasticizers might interact with the vulcanization system. For example, they could function as an additional coactivator of the curing system and/or shield the silica surface. A severe decrease in maximum torque and an increase in elongation at break were obtained for cardanol and sunflower oil. Both plasticizers also resulted in lower crosslink densities compared to the other compounds. A model study with the bio-plasticizers and sulfur verified that the unsaturation in the cardanol and sunflower oil reacted with the crosslinking agent. This leads to less sulfur available for the curing reaction, explaining the low maximum torque. The tan δ curves showed that all replacements resulted in a decrease in the glass transition temperature of the compound. Although all oil alternatives displayed promising results, none of them are suitable as a direct substitute for TDAE in a tire-tread compound due to its ability to interact additionally with other rubber ingredients and contribute in this form to the reinforcement of the compound.

Inhibitory Properties of Polyphenolic Phytochemicals of Cola nitida on Carbohydrate Hydrolyzing Enzymes of Wistar Rat In-Vivo

Polyphenolic phytochemicals of Cola nitida, with their potential therapeutic ability can modulate metabolic and transcriptional expression of proteins and enzymatic activities that culminate to hyperglyceamic effects. This study investigated the hyperglyceamic effects of polyphenolic phytochemical extracts of Cola nitida in Wistar rat in-vivo and established a parallel inhibition of the enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) in their activities as the concentration increased. On administration of the extracts, the activity of α-amylase was inhibited from control, 32 ± 0.00 to 16 ± 0.02u/L as the concentration increased. Also, the activity of α- glucosidase was inhibited from 17 ± 0.01 to 10 ± 0.00u/L in relation to the concentration of the extracts. The inhibitory effect of Cola nitida on carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes delayed glucose utilization resulting to elevated glucose concentration from 6.07 ± 0.02 to 9.11 ± 0.01 mMol/L. The composition of the polyphenolic phytochemicals in the Cola nitida analyzed with gas chromatographic techniques was found to contain; apigenin, 6.0 ± 0.01; catechin, 7.1± 0.01; epicatechin, 4.8 ± 0.02; narigenin, 4.9 ± 0.10 mg/100mg and these are the active ingredients of the bioactive compounds that are responsible for the hyperglyceamic effects of Cola nitida.

Effect of carbon black and curing system on rubber–metal interface strength of automotive components

Rubber–metal parts inside the car require rubber compounds capable of ensuring optimal function and maximum service life without interface delamination. From this perspective, the strength of the bond which is created by the chemical interaction of rubber and metal by an adhesive is decisive for ensuring the functionality of the entire compound. It is dependent not only on the choice of the right adhesive but also on the rubber compound ingredients and their amount. Here, the influence of different types of carbon blacks as well as different curing systems in combination with a commonly used adhesive is described. The durability of the metal–adhesive–rubber bond is characterized by a specially designed shear strength analysis under quasi-static loading, whereas a significant influence of the structure of the carbon black has shown. It has also been observed that the presence of monosulphidic bonds has a positive effect on the shear strength.

Screening of anticoagulant active components in Xuefu Zhuyu decoction via affinity-ultrafiltration coupled with mass spectrometry.

This study aimed to establish an effective affinity-ultrafiltration coupled with mass spectrometry (AUF-MS) method to rapidly screen the active components of antithrombin in Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD). The HPLC fingerprint of different batches of XFZYD was established to verify the stability of the compound ingredients. AUF-MS was established for the rapid screening of the active ingredients in XFZYD. Eight active ingredients were screened using AUF-MS: oxypaeoniflorin, chlorogenic acid, amygdalin, isoliquiritin, neohesperidin, hesperidin, glycyrrhizic acid and chikusetsu saponin IVa. Simultaneously, the anticoagulant effect of the active ingredients was verified by performing in vivo and in vitro experiments. The results of this study indicate that AUF-MS can be used for high-throughput screening of active components of traditional Chinese medicine compounds, thus providing a basis for the discovery of thrombin inhibitors and promoting the research progress of antithrombotic drugs. The compounds screened from XFZYD showed an inhibitory effect against thrombin and a certain antithrombotic effect.

Identification of key genes associated with heart failure based on bioinformatics analysis and screening of traditional Chinese medicines for the prevention and treatment of heart failure.

Heart failure (HF) is the final stage of heart disease. An increasing number of experiments and clinical reports have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has many therapeutic effects and advantages in treating HF. In this study, we used bioinformatics methods to screen key genes and predict the components of Chinese herbal medicines with preventive and therapeutic effects on HF. GSE120895 and GSE21610 HF chips were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was performed to determine key modules. Genes in key modules were used for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomes analysis to determine the biological functions. Finally, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to screen out key genes, and single-sample GSEA was conducted to screen TCM compounds and effective ingredients of TCM compounds related to HF. We have selected a key module (MeTerquoise) and identified 489 DEGs, of which 357 are up regulated and 132 are down regulated. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomes analyses indicated that the DEGs were associated with the extracellular matrix, fat metabolism and inflammatory response. We identified IL2, CXCR4, CCL5, THY1, CCN2, and IL7R as key genes. Single-sample GSEA showed that key genes were mainly related to energy metabolism, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, extracellular matrix, and immunity. Finally, a total of 70 TCM compounds and 30 active ingredients of TCM compounds were identified. Bioinformatics methods were applied to preliminarily predict the key genes and TCM compounds involved in HF. These results provide theoretical support for the treatment of HF with TCM compounds and provide targets and research strategies for the development of related new Chinese medicines.

Wall Slip-Free Viscosity Determination of Filled Rubber Compounds Using Steady-State Shear Measurements.

The high-pressure capillary rheometer (HPCR) represents a state-of-the-art instrument for the determination of rheological properties for plastics and rubber compounds. Rubber compounds have an increased tendency to exhibit flow anomalies depending on the compound ingredients and the processing parameters. Combined with non-isothermal effects due to dissipative material heating, this causes rheological material measurements and the resulting material parameters derived from them to be affected by errors, since the fundamental analytical and numerical calculation approaches assume isothermal flow and wall adhesion. In this paper, the applicability of the empirical rheological transfer function of the Cox-Merz rule, which establishes a relationship between shear viscosity measured with a HPCR and complex viscosity measured with a closed cavity rheometer (CCR), is investigated. The Cox-Merz relation could not be verified for an unfilled EPDM raw polymer or for filled, practical rubber compounds. Using a closed cavity rheometer, a methodology based on ramp tests is then introduced to collect wall slip-free steady-state shear viscosity data under isothermal conditions. The generated data show high agreement with corrected viscosity data generated using the HPCR, while requiring less measurement effort.

Research and development practice of traditional Chinese medicine based on network target theory and technology

Network targets theory and technology have transcended the limitations of the "single gene, single target" model, aiming to decipher the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) based on biological network from the perspective of informatics and system. As the core of TCM network pharmacology, with the development of computer science and high-throughput experimental techniques, the network target theory and technology are beginning to exhibit a trend of organic integration with artificial intelligence technology and high-throughput multi-modal multi-omics experimental techniques. Taking the network target analysis of TCM like Yinqiao Qingre Tablets as a typical case, network target theory and technology have achieved the systematic construction, in-depth analysis, and high-throughput multi-modal multi-omics validation of multi-level biological networks spanning from traditional Chinese and Western phenotypes to tissues, cells, molecules, and traditional Chinese and Western medicines. This development helps to address critical issues in the analysis of mechanisms of TCM, including the discovery of key targets, identification of functional components, discovery of synergistic effects among compound ingredients, and elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of formulae. It provides powerful theoretical and technological support for advancing clinical precision diagnosis and treatment, precise positioning of TCM, and precise research and development of TCM. Thus, a new paradigm of TCM research gradually emerges, combining big data and artificial intelligence(AI) with the integration of human experience and scientific evidence.

Effects of Natural Substances on Lowering Uric Acid

Uric acid (UA) metabolism, which includes uric acid production controlled by purine metabolism and uric acid excretion controlled by the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, is the primary way to maintain the concentration of uric acid in the body. Abnormal functionalizing of the metabolism may cause hyperuricemia, gout, kidney injury, and other diseases. Over the last decade, numerous studies have been conducted on the effect of natural products, including active ingredients of medicinal plants, natural compounds, plant and fungal extracts, traditional herbal formulations, microbial products, alkaloids, etc., on the downward regulation of uric acid for treating uric acid related diseases. Based on the potential sources from 2018 to 2022, 16 studies were reviewed and considered relevant to the topic. This paper is a preliminary summary of the effects of active ingredients of plants, the extracts of plants, and traditional herbal formulations on regulating uric acid levels.

Yiqi Yangjing recipe stimulates apoptosis while suppressing the energy metabolism via under-expression of PFKFB3 in A549 cells.

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor associated with high morbidity and mortality. Yiqi Yangjing recipe (YYR) is a formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that is commonly used for the treatment of lung cancer with good clinical efficacy. The specific anti-cancer mechanism of YYR is still unknown. We need to embark on a more in-depth pharmacological study of YYR to determine the complex compound ingredients, which could be promoted in clinical practice to achieve efficacy in prolonging recurrent metastasis of lung cancer. The cytotoxic effects of YYR on A549 cells were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The PFKFB3-under-expressed and overexpressed A549 cell lines were constructed via PFK15 treatment and transfection, respectively. The effects of YYR on PFKFB3 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot. The pro-apoptotic and anti-glycolytic abilities of YYR were measured using flow cytometry assay and hippocampal XF96 extracellular flux analyzer. An in vivo tumorigenicity assay was performed on nude mice to confirm the anti-cancer effects of YYR. YYR has a noticeable cytotoxic activity on A549 cells, with the treatment with both YYR and PFK15 significantly inducing apoptosis. YYR and PFK15 treatment reduced the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in A549 cells. Similar to PFK15, YYR can down-regulate PFKFB3 expression, and PFKFB3 overexpression suppressed the apoptosis, which was reversed by YYR. Animal experiments confirmed that YYR was able to inhibit tumor growth, induce tumor cell apoptosis, and down-regulate PFKFB3 in tumor tissues. This study demonstrated that YYR promoted lung cancer cell apoptosis and inhibited energy metabolism by targeting PFKFB3. Furthermore, we believe that YYR may be a suitable supplement or alternative drug for lung cancer treatment.

The traditional Chinese medicine and non-small cell lung cancer: from a gut microbiome perspective.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most serious diseases affecting human health today, and current research is focusing on gut flora. There is a correlation between intestinal flora imbalance and lung cancer, but the specific mechanism is not clear. Based on the "lung and large intestine being interior-exteriorly related" and the "lung-intestinal axis" theory. Here, based on the theoretical comparisons of Chinese and western medicine, we summarized the regulation of intestinal flora in NSCLC by active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese herbal compounds and their intervention effects, which is conducive to providing new strategies and ideas for clinical prevention and treatment of NSCLC.

Improvement of a method for the correction of wall slip effects within the rheological measurements of filled rubber compounds

AbstractRubber compounds have an increased tendency to flow anomalies depending on the compound ingredients and the processing parameters. Due to wall slip effects, rheological material measurements and the material parameters derived from them are affected by errors, since the fundamental analytical and numerical calculation approaches assume wall adhesion. In the literature, various approaches for the description of wall slip effects exist, which partially lead to negative slip velocities as well as slip volume flows that exceed the total volume flow in the capillary. The purpose of this article is the improvement of an analytical model for the determination of slip velocities for both laboratory and near‐process rheological investigations. A comparison shows the limitations of the established wall slip correction methods and the possibilities of the improved correction method.

Exploring the mechanism of action of herbal compounding in the treatment of myasthenia gravis based on network pharmacology

ABSTRACT Myasthenia gravis is a major disease in the context of an ageing society, and the discovery of effective herbal compound and herbal active ingredients is a highly promising direction for the treatment of myasthenia gravis. In this study, we selected shujiao, dried ginger and ginseng from the compound ingredients through a network pathology approach. The three ingredients were used to obtain drug targets in Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), HERB and BATMAN-TCM data and intersected with the disease targets of myasthenia gravis. The resulting regulatory network maps were then used to identify core genes through the String database, and finally the core genes were molecularly aligned with the corresponding active ingredients using Autodock vina software. The ‘herbal-component-target’ regulatory network of the Chinese herbal formulae was constructed, which is important for finding the potential molecular mechanism for the treatment of myasthenia gravis. It will provide a theoretical basis for the therapeutic and clinical research of myasthenia gravis.

Mechanism of active ingredients in Periploca forrestii compound against rheumatoid arthritis based on integrative metabolomics and network pharmacology

In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight high resolution mass spectrometer(UPLC-Q-TOF-HRMS) was used to investigate the effects of the active ingredients in Periploca forrestii compound on spleen metabolism in rats with collagen-induced arthritis(CIA), and its potential anti-inflammatory mechanism was analyzed by network pharmacology. After the model of CIA was successfully established, the spleen tissues of rats were taken 28 days after administration. UPLC-Q-TOF-HRMS chromatograms were collected and analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA), and MetPA. The results showed that as compared with the blank control group, 22 biomarkers in the spleen tissues such as inosine, citicoline, hypoxanthine, and taurine in the model group increased, while 9 biomarkers such as CDP-ethanolamine and phosphorylcholine decreased. As compared with the model group, 21 biomarkers such as inosine, citicoline, CDP-ethanolamine, and phosphorylcholine were reregulated by the active ingredients in P. forrestii. Seventeen metabolic pathways were significantly enriched, including purine metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. Network pharmacology analysis found that purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism played important roles in the pathological process of rheumatoid arthritis. This study suggests that active ingredients in P. forrestii compound can delay the occurrence and development of inflammatory reaction by improving the spleen metabolic disorder of rats with CIA. The P. forrestii compound has multi-target and multi-pathway anti-inflammatory mechanism. This study is expected to provide a new explanation for the mechanism of active ingredients in P. forrestii compound against rheumatoid arthritis.

ГОЛОЗЕРНЫЙ ЯЧМЕНЬ В СОСТАВЕ КОМБИКОРМОВ ДЛЯ ПЕРЕПЕЛОК-НЕСУШЕК

Recently, the composition of compound feeds used in poultry farming has changed significantly. But no matter how the set of ingredients in compound feeds is transformed, they should serve as sources of protein and energy. In recent years, original varieties of grain fodder crops have been obtained, which are characterized by increased energy and protein nutrition, such as hullless forms of barley, characterized by a reduced content of indigestible fiber, and therefore, have increased nutritional value for poultry. Therefore, the introduction of naked barley into the composition of feed for quails is of particular relevance. The article presents the results of a study on the use of the effect of compound feed with the introduction of 15 and 20% naked barley on the productivity of laying quails. When feeding quails with experimental mixed fodder, the average daily consumption of mixed fodder decreased by 1.75 and 2.53%, the intensity of egg production per average laying hen increased by 12.88 and 4.74%, and the cost of production of quail eggs decreased by 10.44 and 4.04%.

Влияние технологического режима смешения и вулканизующей системы на свойства композиций на основе бутадиен-нитрильного каучука и сверхвысокомолекулярного полиэтилена

The results of a study of the influence of the mixing mode and curing system on the properties of low temperature and oil resistant rubber based on a composition of butadiene-nitrile rubber (BNKS-18AMN) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (GUR 4113) are presented. Different ways of UHMWPE introducing into the rubber compound are considered: mixing before and after the introduction the main ingredients of the rubber compound at temperatures up to 80 °C (below the melting point of UHMWPE) and preliminary high-temperature (160 °C) mixing of rubber and UHMWPE. It was found that the preliminary high temperature mixing of rubber with UHMWPE leads to a decrease in the viscosity of the rubber compound, as well as a reduction in the scorch time and the achievement of an optimum vulcanization but does not lead to significant changes in the physical and mechanical properties and oil resistance of vulcanizates. The study of the influence of the curing system showed the effectiveness of using a combined sulfur-peroxide curing system, which is manifested in the improvement of the technical properties of vulcanizates, which is largely due to an increase in the density of rubber crosslinking through the formation of stronger and more heat-resistant C-C bonds. It has been shown that the best set of technical properties of vulcanizates, including high frost-resistance, physical and mechanical properties, resistance to hydrocarbon environment and retention of properties after thermal exposure, is achieved when using the sulfur-peroxide combination S/DCP – 1/2.

Microencapsulation of Fermented Red Palm Oil with L. casei as Nutracetical Source

Red Palm Oil (RPO) is the result of refining from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) which still maintains a high level of phytonutrients that are beneficial for health. The benefits of RPO can be used as a nutraceutical source, because RPO acts as a provitamin A and vitamin E. The addition of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in a product functions as a probiotic with metabolite activity that can inhibit pathogenic microorganism thereby increasing the durability of a product. The addition of LAB to RPO is expected to increase the nutraceutical value by adding probiotic properties to RPO products. Microencapsulation technology can protect the bioactive content of essential oils against unwanted chemical interactions with other components and provide increased stability during processing. This research is expected to be able to provide information about the potential raw material of fermented RPO as a nutraceutical source by showing the profile of RPO before and after the fermentation process, chemical and physical properties of the microencapsulant. The microencapsulation technique used is the extrusion method. Fermentation of the bioactive compound ingredients in RPO using L. casei has a significant effect. RPO after fermentation using L. casei (Red-PalmZym) produces major compounds in the form of 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (E)- Fermentation of RPO with L. casei increases the components of chemical compounds contained therein. The stability of the RPO microencapsulated before fermentation provided an effective protection against oxidative damage to the oil and proved that the microencapsulation process can reduce the level of damage to the oil.

Curcumin, a dietary natural supplement, prolongs the action potential duration of KCNE1-D85N–induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes

Curcumin, a polyphenolic dietary natural compound and active ingredient in turmeric, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antiarrhythmic properties. KCNE1-D85N, present in ∼1% of white, is a common, potentially proarrhythmic variant that predisposes individuals to drug-induced QT prolongation under certain conditions. The purpose of this article was to test the hypothesis that curcumin might cause action potential duration (APD) prolongation in KCNE1-D85N-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). Gene-edited/variant-corrected isogenic control and patient-specific KCNE1-D85N-containing iPSC-CMs were generated previously. Voltage-sensing dye, multielectrode array (MEA), and whole-cell patch clamp technique were used to measure APD without and with 4-hour incubation with 10 nM curcumin. KCNE1-D85N-derived iPSC-CMs demonstrated significant APD prolongation with treatment of 10 nM curcumin. Using voltage-sensing dye, action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90) was 578 ± 7 ms (n = 39) at baseline and was prolonged to 658 ± 13 ms (n = 35) with curcumin incubation (P < .0001). Using MEA, APD90 at baseline was 237 ± 6 ms (n = 24) compared with 280 ± 6 ms (n = 12) with curcumin incubation (P = .0002). The whole-cell patch clamp technique confirmed these results, with APD90 being 544 ± 37 ms at baseline and 664 ± 40 ms with treatment of curcumin (P < .005). However, APD from isogenic control iPSC-CMs remained unchanged with curcumin treatment. This study provides pharmacological and functional evidence to suggest that curcumin, a dietary natural supplement, might cause APD prolongation in patients with common, potentially proarrhythmic functional variants such as KCNE1-D85N. Whether this supplement is potentially dangerous for the Caucasian subpopulation that has this variant warrants further investigation.

Efektivitas Ekstrak Tumbuhan Rawa sebagai Biopestisida Plutella xylostella dalam Skala Laboratorium

Cabbage caterpillars can attack all stages of plant growth in the vegetative and generative phases. In the concept of integrated pest control, the use of chemical insecticides is the last alternative, so an environmentally friendly control technology is needed. Swampland has the potential of plants that can be extracted as active ingredients for pest control. The results of the literature study showed that there were several types of potential wetland plants that contained the active ingredient of hydrocarbon derivative compounds which were effective in controlling Plutella, but of the 13 types of plants, a study was conducted on their effectiveness in controlling Pluttela xylostella larvae is very necessary. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of various types of wetland plants as effective botanical insecticides in controlling Pluttela xylostella on a laboratory scale. The results showed that there were 13 types of swamp plants that could be effective botanical insecticides in controlling Pluttela xylostella. The mortality of Pluttela xylostella larvae at 48 hours of observation was high in the treatment of plant extracts of Piper sarmentosum, Tithonia diversifolia, and Ziziphus spina-christi with a percentage of 68%. Therefore, it is necessary to conserve these wild plants so that these plants do not become extinct.

Antitumor effects of Chinese herbal medicine compounds and their nano-formulations on regulating the immune system microenvironment.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including herbal medicine, acupuncture and meditation, has a wide range of applications in China. In recent years, herbal compounding and active ingredients have been used to control tumor growth, reduce suffering, improve quality of life, and prolong the life span of cancer patients. To reduce side effects, herbal medicine can be used in conjunction with radiotherapy and chemotherapy or can be used as an adjuvant to strengthen the immune effect of anticancer vaccines. In particular, in the immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment, herbal medicine can have antitumor effects by stimulating the immune response. This paper reviews the advances in research on antitumor immunomodulation in Chinese herbal medicine, including the regulation of the innate immune system, which includes macrophages, MDSCs, and natural killer cells, and the adaptive immune system, which includes CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), to influence tumor-associated inflammation. In addition, a combination of active ingredients of herbal medicine and modern nanotechnology alter the tumor immune microenvironment. In recent years, immunological antitumor therapy in TCM has been applied on a reasonably large scale both nationally and internationally, and there is potential for further clinical expansion. Investigation of immune modulation mechanisms in Chinese herbal medicine will provide novel perspectives of how herbal medicine controls tumor growth and metastasis, which will contribute to the evolution of tumor research.MethodologyExperimental research between the years of 2012-2022, meta-analysis and reviews for the period 2002-2022 found on the Databases including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane database were used. The inclusion criteria were experimental research literature addressing the anti-tumor immunological effects of active ingredients and nanoparticles in Chinese herbal medicine. Exclusion criteria were articles that addressed Chinese herbal medicine and nano-formulations without discussing anti-tumor immunological effects in innate, adaptive immune cells, MDSCs, and nuclear factors.