Total Protein Composition Research Articles

Total protein concentration and stability of Amb a 1 in glycerinated ragweed sublingual immunotherapy stored at room temperature and refrigerated cold temperature.

Few studies have investigated optimal storage conditions or expiration dates for sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) formulations prepared from glycerinated allergen extracts. The objective of this study was to compare concentrations of short ragweed major allergen (Amb a 1) and total protein in SLIT formulations stored at two different temperatures. It was hypothesised that protein concentrations would show greater decline over time in a formulation stored at room temperature (RT) than in one stored under refrigeration. Two SLIT samples containing equal volumes of 20,000 PNU Amb a 1 extract were prepared and stored at refrigerated cold (CT) (2-8°C) or RT (20-24°C) for 140 days. Changes in total protein and major allergen concentration and composition were measured by Bradford assay, two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and SDS-PAGE. Presence of Amb a 1 was confirmed with Western immunoblot. Data were analysed using an analysis of covariance, with p < 0.05 considered significant. SDS-PAGE showed compositional changes in a ~26-30 kDa protein band under RT and not CT storage. The Amb a 1 concentration of the RT SLIT sample declined significantly over time, compared to that of the CT SLIT sample (F(1,8) = 47.69, p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in total protein concentration over time between groups (F(1,8) = 1.79, p = 0.22). These results demonstrate that storage of glycerinated SLIT formulations in refrigerated CT preserved the highest concentration of the specific allergen Amb a 1, suggesting that SLIT formulations containing short ragweed should be stored under refrigeration.

ANALYSIS AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF BEEF, BEEF BREEDS OF CATTLE IN KAZAKHSTAN

The article considers the quality of beef carcasses from cattle of Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk breeds, bred mainly in Kazakhstan, as well as the results of the study of chemical composition of meat cuts, yield and meat index of beef cuts on the bone and boneless, allocated in accordance with the international standard UNECE. The chemical composition of cuts was determined: moisture, fat, protein. Methods of moisture determination – according to “GOST 9793-2016 Meat and meat products. Methods of moisture determination”. Methods of determination of fat – according to “GOST 23042- 2015 Meat and meat products. Methods of determination of fat”. Mass fraction of protein was determined by the Kjeldahl method. The analysis of the obtained results allowed us to conclude that bulls of Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk breed have high slaughter qualities and differed insignificantly. There were no significant differences between the breeds in the content of total protein and chemical composition of cut flesh.

A molecular genetic toolkit for the differential expression analysis of soybean β-conglycinin subunit genes

The majority of proteins in soybean seeds are storage ones, including β-conglycinin and glycinin, which are necessary for seed germination. At the same time, they are the most valuable soy proteins used in the food industry, since their subunit composition and proportion of total protein can affect the quality of the resulting food product. β-conglycinins are trimers with different composition of subunits which are designated as α', α, β and encoded by the CG-1, CG-3, and CG-4 genes, respectively. The PCR analysis employed a model soybean cultivar ‘Sentyabrinka’. A complementary DNA synthesized from the RNA isolated from seeds of the studied cultivar served as a template. The in silico created pairs of primers for CG-1, CG-3, and CG-4 gene transcripts were used. As the result of PCR and the analysis of the obtained electrophoregrams, optimal annealing temperatures of primers for the CG-1, CG-3 and CG-4 genes were selected, at which only the characteristic fragment was observed. Thus, a molecular genetic toolkit has been developed for a comprehensive study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of soybean protein and can be used for further analysis of differential expression of genes responsible for the synthesis of β-conglycinin subunits.

Gluten-free crackers using chickpea and pumpkin seed press cake blend: Effects of gastrointestinal digestion

The use of a blend of chickpea and pumpkin seed press cake flours in the production of gluten-free crackers represents a promising strategy to address nutritional gaps and meet the growing demand for healthier gluten-free options. To test this assumption, an in vitro digestion method was employed to assess changes in total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, protein composition, electrophoretic patterns, and mineral content of gluten-free crackers formulated using these raw materials before and after digestion. The crackers were produced substituting 20% and 35% of chickpea flour by using two types of pumpkin seed press cake flour, one from virgin oil pressing (VFC) and the other from cold-pressed oil pressing (CFC). This approach aimed to assess how the treatment history of the pumpkin seed press cake flour affected the tested parameters. All samples displayed a 3- to 4-fold increase in total phenolic content after in vitro digestion. A noticeable enhancement in antioxidant activity is observed, where CFC samples showed higher values compared to VFC samples. The control sample and 35CFC sample present similar protein digestibility values (%), 76.97 and 77.05 respectively, while other crackers showed significantly lower digestibility. Incorporation of pumpkin seed press cake flours leads to a substantial increase in mineral content, notably zinc (up to 2-fold), iron (up to 40%), and magnesium (up to 2.5 fold). Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the utilization of pumpkin seed press cake as a potential source of bioactive compounds, emphasizing its significance beyond its traditional role as a by-product.

Effect of Varied NaCl Soaking Treatment on Chemical Composition of Lesser Yam Flour and Its Use in the Production of Gluten-Free Noodles

In order to reduce dependence on wheat flour, it was necessary to use alternative options, such as lesser yam flour. The production of lesser yam flour consisted of soaking yam tubers in NaCl solutions of different concentrations (20% and 25%). This soaking process was necessary for enhancing the physical characteristics of the flour, resulting in reduced mucus and a whiter appearance. The diverse NaCl concentrations during soaking significantly affected chemical composition of lesser yam flour, impacting parameters, including moisture, ash, fat, total protein, reducing sugar, total sugar, glucomannan content, and calories. However, no discernible effect was observed on the crude fiber and carbohydrate content. In comparison to the 25% NaCl, the 20% NaCl had lesser yam flour with lower moisture, ash, protein, total sugar, and reducing sugar content, but higher fat, glucomannan, and calories. The 25% NaCl soaked lesser yam flour was selected for the production of gluten-free dry noodles. Dry noodles were prepared with various proportions of lesser yam flour and mocaf flour, including 0:100 (TG0), 50:50 (TG1), 50:40 (TG2), 70:30 (TG3), 80:20 (TG4), and 90:10 (TG5). An increase in the proportions of lesser yam flour resulted in increased hardness and chewiness, along with decreased springiness and cohesiveness. Therefore, lesser yam could be processed into flour by soaking in NaCl solutions to produce better flour, with the optimal flour composition being 80% lesser yam flour and 20% mocaf flour for gluten-free noodles production. This suggested the potential for further development of lesser yam flour as a raw material for the production of gluten-free noodles.

Identification and Functional Validation of Two Novel Antioxidant Peptides in Saffron.

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is one of the most expensive spices in the world, boasting rich medicinal and edible value. However, the effective development of active natural substances in saffron is still limited. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the saffron stigma protein, and the main effect peptides have not been identified. In this study, the total protein composition of saffron stigmas was analyzed, and two main antioxidant peptides (DGGSDYLGK and VDPYFNK) were identified, which showed high antioxidant activity. Then, the stability of two peptides was further evaluated. Furthermore, our results suggested that these two peptides may protect HepG2 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage by significantly improving the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and reducing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Collectively, we identified two peptides screened from the saffron protein possessing good antioxidant activity and stability, making them promising candidates for use as functional foods, etc., for health promotion. Our findings indicated that proteomic analysis together with peptide identification is a good method for exploitation and utilization of spice plants.

Correlation of Metabolic and Ionic Components of Follicular Fluid with Estrogen Concentration

This study was aimed to assess the correlation between the metabolic and ionic composition of ovarian follicular fluid and its relationship to the concentration of estrogen and prolactin hormones as the follicle size changes in the local female cows. Ovaries were collected (80 ovaries) from non- pregnant 40 adult females cow at Hilla slaughterhouse at Babil province. The gathered ovaries were transported to the laboratory within two hours. Follicular fluid was pulled from small (2-5 mm) follicles, medium (6-10 mm), and large (11-20 mm) follicles, then it stored at 5 ° C until assayed. Follicular fluid samples were analyzed for metabolites composition of (cholesterol, total protein, and glucose), and ionic composition (calcium, phosphorus, copper, magnesium, zinc) ,and hormone concentration ( estrogen and prolactin). The results of the study showed that the total protein and glucose concentrations were increased significantly(p&gt; 05.0) with increased of follicle size. The study also showed the calcium, copper, and phosphorus concentration were increased significantly(p&gt; 05.0) with changes of follicular size, as well as the estrogen concentration was significantly increased (p &gt; 05.0) With increased follicular size. A significantly (p&gt; 05.0) correlation was found between both magnesium, zinc ions, and estrogen hormone.

Common Beans as a Source of Amino Acids and Cofactors for Collagen Biosynthesis.

Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely consumed in diets all over the world and have a significant impact on human health. Proteins, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and other micro- and macronutrients are abundant in these legumes. On the other hand, collagens, the most important constituent of extracellular matrices, account for approximately 25-30 percent of the overall total protein composition within the human body. Hence, the presence of amino acids and other dietary components, including glycine, proline, and lysine, which are constituents of the primary structure of the protein, is required for collagen formation. In this particular context, protein quality is associated with the availability of macronutrients such as the essential amino acid lysine, which can be acquired from meals containing beans. Lysine plays a critical role in the process of post-translational modifications facilitated with enzymes lysyl hydroxylase and lysyl oxidase, which are directly involved in the synthesis and maturation of collagens. Furthermore, collagen biogenesis is influenced by the cellular redox state, which includes important minerals and bioactive chemicals such as iron, copper, and certain quinone cofactors. This study provides a novel perspective on the significant macro- and micronutrients present in Phaseolus vulgaris L., as well as explores the potential application of amino acids and cofactors derived from this legume in the production of collagens and bioavailability. The utilization of macro- and micronutrients obtained from Phaseolus vulgaris L. as a protein source, minerals, and natural bioactive compounds could optimize the capacity to promote the development and durability of collagen macromolecules within the human body.

Fabrication of Zein‐Based Fibrous Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications—A Review

AbstractZein, which accounts for around 80% of the total protein composition in corn, is a biocompatible and biodegradable substance derived from renewable sources. Although insoluble in water, its amphiphilic characteristics are utilized to generate nanoparticles, nanofibers, microparticles, and even films. Numerous recent studies have demonstrated the potential of zein as a prospective biomaterial to develop fibrous scaffolds for biomedical functions owing to its biocompatibility, fibrous formation, and encapsulating qualities. Fabrication of zein‐based fibrous scaffolds for biomedical applications is achieved by a wide variety of techniques, including electrospinning, wet spinning, freeze drying, and additive manufacturing. This article overviews current advancements in manufacturing techniques for zein‐based fibrous scaffolds. In addition, it summarizes the most recent biomedical applications and research activities utilizing zein‐based fibrous scaffolds. Overall, zein is proposed as a potential biomaterial for the production of fibrous scaffolds that stimulate cell adhesion and proliferation in a number of exciting biomedical applications due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and other unique features related to its structure.

The Changes in the Biochemical Composition of Total Protein and Lipid in the Ovary, Liver Tissues and the Serum During the Process of the Ovarian Maturation in Female the Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella

The Changes in the Biochemical Composition of Total Protein and Lipid in the Ovary, Liver Tissues and the Serum During the Process of the Ovarian Maturation in Female the Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella

Muscle fibre type composition influences the formation of odour-active volatiles in beef

Flavour is a key driver of consumer liking, and odour-active volatiles formed in cooking are important contributors to the flavour of cooked beef. We hypothesised that the formation of odour-active volatiles in beef are influenced by the contents of type I oxidative and type II glycolytic muscle fibres. To test our hypothesis, we combined ground masseter (type I) and cutaneous trunci (type II) into beef patties, cooked them, then their volatile profiles were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antioxidant capacity, pH, total heme protein, free iron, and fatty acid composition of these patties were also measured to investigate their relationship to volatile formation. Our study showed that beef composed of more type I fibres had higher 3-methylbutanal and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, but less lipid-derived volatiles, and this could be partially attributed to the higher antioxidant capacity, pH, and total heme protein content in type I fibres. The results of our study indicate that fibre-type composition plays an important role in volatile formation and hence flavour of beef.

Pine pollen extract alleviates ethanol-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HepG2 cells via MAPK signaling.

Pine pollen extract (PPE) has various effects such as antioxidant, hypoglycemic and anti-obesity. However, the anti-ALD mechanism of PPE has rarely been studied. In this study, PPE was prepared and chemical components such as total protein, total sugars, total phenols, total flavonoids and polyphenol composition were determined. The effect of PPE on HepG2 cells after ethanol damage was also measured. HepG2 cells were pre-treated with 200μg/mL and 400μg/mL of PPE for 24h followed by treatment with ethanol for 24h. The results suggested that PPE significantly decreased the production of LDH, ROS and MDA. Meanwhile, the levels of GSH and SOD were also increased. The levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and Keap1 were upregulated after PPE treatment. Additionally, Bax were downregulated and Caspase3 activation was inhibited after PPE treatment. What's more, PPE also attenuated the ethanol-induced phosphorylation levels of MAPK in HepG2 cells. Three major phenols were identified as p-coumaric acid, catechins and caffeic acid. These results suggest that PPE can be effective against ALD by alleviating MAPK pathway-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis. In conclusion, PPE is a natural product with hepatoprotective potential.

Characterization of cyanobacterial isolates from freshwater and saline subtropical desert lakes

Characterization of Cyanobacteria in lakes with different physicochemical properties provides insights into the diversity of this phylum and knowledge of their features that are relevant to biotechnology applications. Six Cyanobacterial isolates were recovered from freshwater Lake Nasser and saline Lake Qarun, Egypt. The isolates were identified based on both morphology and molecular markers, 16S rRNA, and RuBisCO cbbL genes. The isolates SN1, SN2, SN3, SN4, Q1, and Q2 showed homologies with Merismopedia, Oscillatoria, Limnothrix, Persinema, and Jacksonvillea, respectively. The cbbL sequences for isolates SN1, Q1, and Q2 represented the first records for candidates relating to the genera Merismopedia and Persinema, and Jacksonvillea, respectively. Biochemical contents, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, pigments, and ash-free dry weight were measured for each isolate. Isolate SN2 had the highest content of allophycocyanin, 71 ± 4.8 mg/g DW, and phycoerythrin, 98 ± 6.7 mg/g DW, while the isolate SN4 had the highest composition of total protein, lipid, carotenoid, and chlorophyll a, recording 364.7 ± 6.4 mg/g DW, 67.6 ± 0.2 mg/g DW, 0.261 ± 0.01 mg/g DW, and 10 ± 0.6 mg/g DW, respectively. Isolate Q1 recorded the maximum amount of phycocyanin, 114 ± 20.7 mg/g DW among isolates. The isolate Q2 was observed to have the highest carbohydrate content, 274 ± 14.5 (mg/g DW), and ash-free dry weight, 891.8 ± 2.8 mg/g DW. Thus, the study indicated that the current isolates may represent promising resources for biotechnological applications.

Determination of the toxicity glass ionomer cements for permanent fixa-tion of non-removable constructions of dentures

The experiment was carried out on groups of laboratory rats with a detailed study of the injected material, hematological, biochemical parameters of blood, behavioral reactions of animals and kidney function of experimental animals. The aim of the study was to determine the toxic effect of the new glass ionomer cement for permanent fixation of fixed structures of dentures on organs and tissues of laboratory animals. The keeping of animals and experiments were carried out in accordance with the "European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes" (Strasbourg, 1986), Law of Ukraine No. 3447-IV on 21 Feb 2006 "On protection of animals from cruel treatment". Observations of the state and behavior of the animals showed that they tolerate daily contact with glass ionomer cement for one month satisfactorily. Indicators of liver weight in females (5.135±0.233) g and in males (6.234±0.342) g. In the experimental groups in contact with glass ionomer material, there were no significant differences in the number of erythrocytes [females – (4.86±0.26)·1012/l and in males – (4.53±0.14)·1012/l], hemoglobin [in females – (79.62±2.37) g/l, in males – (81.21±5.48) g/l], leukocytes [in males – (10.27±0.94)·109, in females – (9.81±0.68)·109/l]. The data obtained indicate the absence of toxic the effect of dental glass ionomer cement on peripheral blood. So the studied glass ionomer cement had no cytolyses effect on the liver. Changes in the composition of total protein [in males – (69.79±2.36) mmol/l, while in females – (67.35±2.47) mmol/l], albumin [in males – (28.56±1.87) mmol/l, in females – (28.49±2.36) mmol/l] in blood serum correspond to disorders of protein synthesis associated with damage to the liver parenchyma. The obtained results indicate that glass ionomer cement for permanent fixation of non-removable orthopedic prostheses did not have a toxic effect on the organs and tissues of experimental animals with prolonged use. Keywords: glass ionomer cement, permanent fixation, fixed structures of dentures, toxicity, experiment.

Potential Use of Seaweed (Gracilaria Tenuistipitata Var. Liui) for Reduction of Enteric Methane Emissions from Crossbred Dairy Cattle in Bangladesh

Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. Liui is a red seaweed, artificially cultivated in Nuniachara sea beach at Cox's Bazar, mostly utilized as a human diet and nutritional supplement in Bangladesh. It has certain industrial applications as well. To explore the diversified application of this seaweed in livestock feed industries to reduce enteric methane production from ruminant, a feeding trial was done at the Pranisheba R and D cattle farm, Savar, Dhaka. An ambient methane amount was measured with and without application of seaweed in concentrate feed by a sensor based IoT device of remote cowshed monitoring system. Other clinical parameters like feeding amount, body temperature, consistency of faeces was physically monitored. After proximate analysis, the composition of total crude protein, crude fiber and moisture of Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. Liui were 24.09%, 0.18%, 21.31%. The quantity of total energy was 2615 Kcal/kg. Addition of 1% seaweed to the cattle concentrated diet on a dry matter basis lowered the average ambient methane concentration from 48.30 ± 4.45 to 41.02 ± 3.41ppm, the differences were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). Average Body temperature, amount of daily feed intake and consistency of faeces remain unchanged. However, precise assessment of methane reduction potentiality requires a respiration chamber with an air control facility, but this observation might provide a first concept of this species as potential natural methane emissions reducer in Bangladesh.

Possible use of seaweed (Gracilaria tenuistipitata Var. Liui) to the reduction of enteric methane emissions from dairy cattle

Objective: Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. Liui is a red seaweed, artificially cultivated in Nuniachara sea beach at Cox’s Bazar, primarily utilized as a human diet and nutritional supplement in Bangladesh. It has specific industrial applications as well. The study sought to assess the potential for enteric methane (CH4) reduction of this seaweed from the cattle industries. Materials and Methods: To explore the diversified application of this seaweed in livestock feed industries to reduce enteric CH4 production from ruminants, a feeding trial was done at the Pranisheba research and development cattle farm, Savar, Dhaka. An ambient CH4 amount was measured with and without the application of seaweed in concentrate feed by a sensor-based Internet of Things device of the remote cowshed monitoring system. Other clinical parameters, like feeding amount, body temperature, and consistency of feces, were physically monitored. Results: After proximate analysis, the composition of total crude protein, crude fiber, and moisture of G. tenuistipitata var. Liui was 24.09%, 0.18%, and 21.31%, respectively. The quantity of total energy was 2,615 kcal/kg. Adding 1% seaweed to the cattle-concentrated diet on a dry matter basis lowered the average ambient CH4 concentration from 48.30 ± 4.45 to 41.02 ± 3.41 ppm; the differences were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). Average body temperature, amount of daily feed intake, and consistency of feces remain unchanged. Conclusion: The results show that there is a chance that G. tenuistipitata var. Liui could be used to stop cattle from making enteric CH4.

Effect of the Rearing Substrate on Total Protein and Amino Acid Composition in Black Soldier Fly

Insects are becoming increasingly relevant as protein sources in food and feed. The Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is one of the most utilized, thanks to its ability to live on many leftovers. Vegetable processing industries produce huge amounts of by-products, and it is important to efficiently rear BSF on different substrates to assure an economical advantage in bioconversion and to overcome the seasonality of some leftovers. This work evaluated how different substrates affect the protein and amino acid content of BSF. BSF prepupae reared on different substrates showed total protein content varying between 35% and 49% on dry matter. Significant lower protein contents were detected in BSF grown on fruit by-products, while higher contents were observed when autumnal leftovers were employed. BSF protein content was mainly correlated to fibre and protein content in the diet. Among amino acids, lysine, valine and leucine were most affected by the diet. Essential amino acids satisfied the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) requirements for human nutrition, except for lysine in few cases. BSF could be a flexible tool to bio-convert a wide range of vegetable by-products of different seasonality in a high-quality protein-rich biomass, even if significant differences in the protein fraction were observed according to the rearing substrate.

Total protein, not amino acid composition, differs in plant-based versus omnivorous dietary patterns and determines metabolic health effects in mice

Plant-based dietary patterns are associated with improved cardiometabolic health, but causal dietary components are unclear. Protein has been proposed to play a role, but the importance of protein quantity versus quality remains unknown. We investigated the contributions of total protein amount, amino acid (AA) composition, and plant versus animal source. Analysis of total protein and AA composition of food items and dietary patterns revealed differences between individual food items, but few differences between AA profiles of vegan versus omnivorous dietary patterns. Effects of protein quantity, but not quality, on cardiometabolic health markers were observed in mice using semi-purified diets with crystalline AAs in plant versus animal-based ratios and naturally sourced diets with whole-food ingredients. Our data show relatively little difference in protein quality between plant-based and omnivorous dietary patterns and that reduced total protein intake in plant-based dietary patterns may be a contributor to the benefits of plant-based diets.

RAB5A effect on metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line via altering the pro-invasive content of exosomes

Tumor microenvironment exerts a critical role in cancer progression and metastasis. Exosomes, cell-cell communicators and major players of the tumor microenvironment are considered as a serious mediator of cancer metastasis. Here, we determined the effect of RAB5A gene on the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells particularly whether RAB5A could affect HCC metastasis via regulating the pro-invasive content of exosomes. In response to RAB5A knockdown, we analyzed the proliferation rate and migration capability of HCC cells. Then, we estimated changes in the total protein composition of exosomes via analyzing the expression of exosomal markers, CD63 and Alix. Thereafter, alterations of the pro-invasive content of exosomes were functionally evaluated using matrigel invasion assay. Our results revealed that knockdown of RAB5A could decrease HCC cell proliferation rate and migration capability significantly. Moreover, no significant changes in the expression of exosomal CD63 and Alix reflected that no differences might be occurred in protein composition of RAB5A knockdown cell-derived exosomes. Matrigel invasion assay functionally showed that exosomes-derived from RAB5A knockdown cells still had pro-invasive properties and their pro-invasive content was not affected in response to RAB5A knockdown. In conclusion, we believe that our results propose a new explanation about RAB5A and metastatic potentials of exosomes-derived from HCC cells.

Potential of Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui grown in Nuniachara, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

During selection of Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui (red seaweed) growing naturally at Nuniachara sand-flat south-east of Moheshkhali channel, Cox’s Bazar local fishermen informed that Rakhaine and Chakma tribes of Cox’s Bazar and Bandarbon consume the seaweed. To ascertain the quality of the organism as “Seafood” analysis of its nutritional status was carried out using three replicates in many cases. Percentage composition of total crude protein, crude fiber, crude lipid, carbohydrates, ash and moisture were 25.55 ± 0.18, 5.65 ± 0.13, 0.16 ± 0.03, 45.93 ± 1.53, 10.61 ± 0.69 and 12.10 ± 0.25%, respectively. Mineral contents such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron and copper were 596.90 ± 10.4, 132.75 ± 3.4, 3.90 ± 1.2, 80.13 ± 2.45 and3.99 ± 1.2mg/100gdry wt., respectively. Heavy metals such as Pb, As, Cr and Cd were 0.031, 0.01, 0.06 and 0.02 mg/kg dry wt. respectively, which are below tolerance level. The seaweed contained 9.03% nine essential amino acids and 7.52% five non-essential amino acids. The quantity of total energy, β-carotene and vitamin C were 294.56 Kcal/100g, 11.54 ± 1.20 and 2.5 mg/100g, respectively. Presence of high crude protein, amino acid profiles, β-carotene, phosphorus and low crude lipid and heavy metals made Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui to be considered as a good human food supplement.&#x0D; Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(1), 39-46, 2021