Crystal Composition Research Articles

Water desalination using atmospheric pressure plasma combined with thermal treatment

AbstractHerein, a novel method is presented for enhancing the thermal desalination process of saline water and seawater using atmospheric pressure plasma (APP). The effect of APP treatment combined with thermal heating (APP-TH) on the energy consumption, conductivity, and pH of seawater and saline water is investigated. Utilizing scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry, the evolution of the morphology, structure, and chemical composition of precipitated crystals is characterized. The APP-TH method reduces the energy consumption for desalination by 40.5% for saline water and by 52.82% for seawater when compared to the TH-only method. The pH value remains approximately unchanged, decreasing slightly for the saline water from 7.1 for untreated saline water to 7.05 after APP-TH treatment. However, after APP-TH treatment, the pH value of the seawater increased slightly, from 7 to 7.8. The total dissolved salts decreased after APP-TH treatment, lowering the conductivity of the saline water from 65,000 µS/cm to 160 µS/cm and the conductivity of the seawater from 58,200 µS/cm to 243 µS/cm. Moreover, the size of precipitated crystals from saline water is 31.47 nm after APP-TH treatment, compared to 55.59 nm after TH-only treatment. They also dropped from 41 nm to 39.5 nm for seawater. Compared with traditional approaches, this research proposes an optimistic solution to address global potable water scarcity issues.

Crystal growth and pressure effect on the transport properties in 122-type (La,Na,K)Fe2As2 superconductors

Abstract High-quality single crystals are essential for probing the intrinsic properties of unconventional superconductors. In this work, we report the successful growth of (La,Na,K)Fe2As2 single crystals, a novel 122-type iron-based superconductor, using the self-flux method. The crystal structure and chemical composition were characterized through x-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The (La,Na,K)Fe2As2 single crystals exhibit bulk superconductivity, with a critical transition temperature Tc of approximately 22 K. Magnetization measurements reveal a second peak effect and a critical current density Jc ~ 5×105 A/cm2 at 2 K in a self-field. The upper critical field anisotropy was systematically studied within the framework of the anisotropic Ginzburg–Landau theory, yielding an anisotropy value of approximately 2.6. Furthermore, we employ the diamond anvil cell technique to investigate the pressure effect on (La,Na,K)Fe2As2. Our results demonstrate that superconductivity is gradually suppressed with increasing pressure, while the normal state resistivity at low temperatures evolves from non-Fermi liquid to Fermi liquid behavior. This observation suggests that (La,Na,K)Fe2As2 may be situated on the right of the quantum critical point or, at the very least, within the over-doped region. These findings provide a critical sample platform and experimental insights for advancing the understanding of the physical properties of the newly discovered (La,Na,K)Fe2As2 superconductors.

Protracted magma evolution and transcrustal magmatic plumbing system architecture at Erta Ale volcano (Afar, Ethiopia)

Abstract The Afar region is one of the only places on Earth where magmatic continental rifting and associated ongoing break-up processes are exposed onshore. The several active magmatic segments there are characterized by contrasted morphologies, crustal thicknesses, magma production rates, and magma-tectonic styles. In the Erta Ale Range rift segment, extension is magmatically accommodated, making the range the ideal place to study the magmatic behavior of a mature rift segment. Erta Ale Range comprises sub-segments with magma compositions ranging from basalts to rhyolites, but only the Erta Ale Volcano (EAV) sub-segment is active, where only basaltic compositions have been reported so far. Here, we show for the first time protracted differentiation at EAV that is not expressed volcanically at the surface, but is rather accessible via unique cognate gabbroic and microgabbroic blocks, and recorded by mixing with erupted basaltic magmas. These cognate samples record previously unknown mushy and evolved parts of the EAV plumbing system. To constrain their origin and evolution, we measured the major and trace element compositions of the bulk rocks, interstitial glasses, and melt inclusions. We also measured the oxygen isotopic compositions of olivine crystals, interstitial glasses, and melt inclusions. By combining these results with textural relationships and oxy-thermo-barometry calculations, we discuss magma differentiation and storage conditions, as well as magmatic interactions during transport through the crust. Comparison of our results with rhyolite-MELTS thermodynamic models highlights that protracted fractional crystallization is the main process of magma evolution, and when associated with reactive porous flow is capable of forming the evolved compositions observed (up to 75 wt.% SiO2). We also use the model outputs to quantify distinct steps of igneous differentiation in both shallow and deep crustal reservoirs, and we highlight significant interactions with hydrothermally altered wall rocks. We discuss this model within the geological contexts of the Erta Ale Range rift segment and the larger Afar region, and highlight contrasts with mature oceanic systems to argue that the region is not in the final stages of continental break-up.

Chromatic aberration in homogeneous diameter expansion growth of AlN crystals by the PVT method

AbstractHomogeneous diameter expansion growth is the preferred method for preparing large-sized AlN single crystals using the PVT method. However, chromatic aberration between the expansion and seed regions, as well as localized chromatic aberrations within the expansion region, are commonly observed, but not deeply investigated yet. This paper investigates the homoepitaxial lateral growth of AlN crystals using Al-polar face seeds and analyzes the crystal structure, composition, and optical properties of both the expansion and seed regions. XRD and Raman spectroscopy indicate no significant differences in crystallization quality between the expansion and seed regions. XPS and photoluminescence characterizations reveal that the light yellow color of the seed region is mainly due to $$V_{Al}$$ V Al defects. In contrast, the deeper yellow color in the expansion region is caused by $$V_{Al}$$ V Al –$$O_N$$ O N complex defects. Additionally, etching results exhibit a polarity reversal from the Al-polar to N-polar growth face in localized chromatic aberration region. The bonding angle of approximately $${90}^\circ$$ 90 ∘ at the $$B_{1}$$ B 1 bond (formation by the half-filled orbitals of the Al and N atoms) site, which occurs during the bonding of Al and N atoms, results in the polarity reversal during m-plane lateral growth. This work provides implications for the preparation of large-sized AlN single crystals.

Synthesis and application of WO3/PVA nano composite for antibacterial and thermal insulation

Abstract Insulation of glass material is very important for sustainable environment in this real world without compromising its primary function. The aim of this research is to provide robust solution by synthesis the Nano Tungsten trioxide particles via the chemical precipitation method. Developed WO3 NPs Characterized by using x-ray diffraction for; crystal structure, compound composition, and average crystalline size. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) employed to analyze the shape and dimensions of the WO3 NPs. Explored the potential thermal insulation and antibacterial attributes by coating 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% concentration of synthesized WO3 NPs in polyvinyl alcohol onto a sodium silicate glass substrate (4 × 4 inches; 2 mm thickness) by using 50 μm doctor blade. WO3/PVA solution showed the antibacterial properties measure by agar disc diffusion method on gram positive and negative bacterial culture S. coli and E. bacterial culture and the obtained results after incubation were showing very minor zone of incubation as compare to previous studies. Thermal insulation of coated glass samples were increased with % of WO3 NPs concentration in PVA and validate by significant coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.985).

Preparation of green and durable magnesium oxysulfate cement using sewage sludge ash: Physical properties, microstructure, and leaching behavior

The aim of this study was to explore the application of sewage sludge ash (SSA) as a substitute for light-burnt magnesium oxide (LBM) in the preparation of magnesium oxysulfate cement (MOSC), in order to achieve the harmless treatment of SSA and improve the performance of MOSC. By adjusting the SSA dosage, a series of MOSC samples were prepared, and their setting time, compressive strength, water resistance, and heavy metal leaching rates were then systematically evaluated. Additionally, their crystal phase composition, relative content, and microstructure were characterized using XRD, TGA, FTIR, and SEM in order to elucidate the mechanism by which SSA affects the properties of the MOSC. The results indicate that the addition of SSA prolongs the setting time of MOSC and reduces its compressive strength. However, pozzolanic SiO2 in SSA can hydrate with MgO to form magnesium-silicate-hydrate gel, effectively improving the water resistance of MOSC. In particular, when SSA replaces 30 % of LBM, MOSC not only meets the heavy metal leaching standards for Class IV surface water in China, but also has a compressive strength of up to 67 MPa and a significant improvement in water resistance by 44 %. This study not only opens up new avenues for the harmless treatment of SSA, but also provides scientific basis and practical reference for optimizing the water resistance of MOSC.

Facile fabrication of BiOI/ZIF-67 Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for visible-light-driven tetracycline degradation

In this paper, a novel Z-scheme BiOI/ZIF-67 photocatalyst (BOI/ZIF) was successfully prepared using an in-situ growth method, and its effectiveness in degrading tetracycline (TC) under visible light was assessed. Using a range of characterization techniques, the crystal structure, elemental composition, microstructure and optical characteristics of the composite catalyst were examined. Simultaneously, a 30% mass ratio catalyst (BOI/ZIF-30) could remove 91% of TC under visible light, which was 41% and 28% greater than the degradation rates of BiOI and ZIF-67, respectively. These results demonstrated that BOI/ZIF exhibited strong photocatalytic activity and excellent stability. The results of the radical quenching experiment and electron spin resonance revealed that h+ and •O2− were the principal chemical substances responsible for TC degradation, corresponding with the suggested charge transfer mechanism of Z-scheme heterojunction. The Z-scheme heterojunction created between BiOI and ZIF-67 improved the effective separation of photogenerated carriers and boosted the efficiency of TC degradation. This study offers a promising method for designing photocatalytic systems to break down antimicrobial contaminants.

Facile one-pot synthesis of photoresponsive Cu1.8S and CuInS2 nanostructures aided by Cu-pyrimidylthiolate molecular precursor

Copper-based binary and ternary sulfides have attracted significant attention due to their excellent photo-physical properties, making them highly promising for high-performance energy harvesting and storage devices. This study focuses on the synthesis and structural characterization of an air-stable hexanuclear Cu-pyrimidylthiolate cluster complex which serves as an efficient single-source precursor for the preparation of Cu1.8S nanocrystals. Furthermore, coupling the molecular precursor with suitable indium source resulted in a facile one-pot pathway for the preparation of technologically important, copper-based ternary CuInS₂, nanocrystals. The crystal structure, phase purity, and compositions of the nanostructures were confirmed using PXRD, XPS, EDS, and area elemental mapping. Electron microscopic studies revealed the formation of polygonal and hexagonal morphology with varied size in Cu1.8S and CuInS₂ nanocrystals respectively. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed a slight blue shift in the band gap of the nanostructures compared to their bulk counterparts which can be attributed to quantum confinement or surface lattice distortion effects. The band gap of the pristine nanocrystals along with high photocurrent and stable photo-switching characteristics suggest that they can serve as suitable electrode material for optoelectronic and photodetector devices.

Accelerating spin Hall conductivity predictions via machine learning

AbstractAccurately predicting the spin Hall conductivity (SHC) is crucial for designing novel spintronic devices that leverage the spin Hall effect. First‐principles calculations of SHCs are computationally intensive and unsuitable for quick high‐throughput screening. Here, we have developed a residual crystal graph convolutional neural network (Res‐CGCNN) deep learning model to classify and predict SHCs solely based on the structural and compositional information. This is enabled by having access to 9249 instances of SHCs data and incorporating extra residual networks into the standard CGCNN framework. We found that Res‐CGCNN surpasses CGCNN, achieving a mean absolute error of 115.4 (ℏ/e) (S/cm) for regression and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.86 for classification. Additionally, we utilized Res‐CGCNN to conduct high‐throughput screenings of materials in the Materials Project database that were absent in the training set. This led to the prediction of several previously unreported materials displaying large SHCs exceeding 1000 (ℏ/e) (S/cm), which were validated through first‐principles calculations. This study represents the inaugural endeavor to construct a machine learning model capable of effectively capturing the intricate nonlinear relationship between SHCs and crystal structure and composition, serving as a useful tool for the efficient screening and design of materials exhibiting high SHCs.

The Effect of the Surface Treatment on TiO2 Particles When Used as a Filler on Crystallization and Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid Composites. Case of Study: Silane Coupling Agents and Dicarboxylic Acids Were Used as Surface Modifiers

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the effect of the type of surface modification (using silane coupling agents and dicarboxylic acids) on titanium dioxide particles used as fillers in polylactic acid composites, which were exposed to a photodegradative process. The thermomechanical properties of the composites were analyzed; it was found that the silane coupling agent with Imidazole allowed the composites to have Young’s modulus values 60% lower than the composite without filler. On the other hand, the crystallization rate was 30% higher for composites with azelaic Acid attached to TiO2 particles than for composites without filler at a cooling rate of 5°C min−1. Once degraded composites containing azelaic acid were the least brittle, with a minor increment in Young’s Modulus compared to pure polylactic acid composites. When a mixture of modified titanium dioxide particles (with imidazole and either azelaic acid or pimelic acid) was used, there was a synergistic effect regarding photostability.

Pea Pod–Derived Biochar–Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Composite for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Two Organic Dyes Crystal Violet and Victoria Blue

ABSTRACTThe rapid increase of water pollution globally is a vital environmental concern that requires the immediate attention of researchers to find new innovative ways to remove unwanted environmental pollutants from our water sources. With the advances in the field of sustainable engineering, there is a high demand for the effective utilization of biomass resources for the removal of aqueous environmental contaminants. Biochar is carbon carbon‐enriched substance obtained by biomass pyrolysis; it is inexpensive and has received wide attention in the field of wastewater treatment. Herein, we describe the synthesis of pea pod (PO) biochar‐reinforced zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐8) nanocomposite (PO@ZIF‐8) through the in situ precipitation of ZIF‐8 onto the biochar surface. The crystal growth, morphology, chemical composition, and optical characteristics of fabricated PO@ZIF‐8 nanocomposite were scrutinized through PXRD, SEM, TEM, UV‐DRS, PL, and XPS analysis. The dodecahedral‐shaped PO@ZIF‐8 particles have an average size between 140 and 160 nm. The biochar‐reinforced ZIF‐8 nanocomposite showed significantly higher photocatalytic activity than the pure ZIF‐8 for the degradation of two commonly found organic dyes crystal violet (CV) and Victoria Blue (VB) in the presence of direct sunlight irradiation. The PO@ZIF‐8 nanocomposite showed the highest degradation efficiency of ~87% and ~80% within 50 min of irradiation time at a catalyst dosage of 20 mg for 30 ppm CV and VB dye solutions at pH 8. First‐order kinetics were obeyed during the photodegradation with 0.041 and 0.030 min−1 as the constant of degradation for the removal of CV and VB. The radical scavenger experiment and the photoluminescence analysis confirm the active participation of ·OH radical in the degradation of both dyes. LC–MS and TOC analysis was also performed to determine the degradation products and for evaluation of the degradation progress. Moreover, the synthesized PO@ZIF‐8 composite also exhibit good stability till the fourth cycle with high degradation efficiency thus making it a good choice of catalyst in the field of environmental decontamination.

Photoluminescence optical and thermal quenching in heavily doped Gd3(Ga,Al)5O12:Ce, Mg single crystals: Dependence on the Ga3+, Ce3+, and Mg2+ concentration

Heavily doped single crystals of Gd3GaxAl5-xO12:Ce, Mg (x = 2.46–2.95) with different concentrations of Ce (0.016–0.188 at.%) and Mg (0–0.083 at.%) are investigated by the X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and thermoluminescence methods. Dependences of the luminescence characteristics, as well as crystal lattice parameters and distances between the Ce3+ and Mg2+ ions, on the Ga, Ce, and Mg concentration are studied. Mechanisms of the processes, resulting in the photoluminescence optical and thermal quenching and acceleration of decay kinetics, and the influence of the crystal composition on these processes are discussed. The role of close {Ce3+ - Mg2+Ga} pairs in these processes is considered. At T > 400 K, the luminescence thermal quenching is caused by the crossover process, while in the 200–350 K temperature range, by the electron transfer from the 5d1 excited state of Ce3+ to nearby defect levels (electron traps) located between the 5d1 level and the conduction band. The latter process results also in the appearance of thermally stimulated luminescence, and its efficiency depends on the Ga3+ content and concentration of intrinsic defects. The optimum concentrations of Ga3+ and Mg2+ ions in the investigated crystals are determined.

Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Mg-Al-pAB-LDH Coating for Steel in the Marine Environment

In this study, the surface of steel was coated with a Mg-Al-pAB-LDH coating in order to enhance its corrosion resistance in the marine environment. The crystal structure, micro-morphology, and chemical composition of the Mg-Al-pAB-LDH coating were characterised using physicochemical techniques. The corrosion protection performance in a simulated marine environment was evaluated through electrochemical methods. The results indicate that the Mg-Al-pAB-LDH coating effectively adsorbs chloride ions from the environment, thereby increasing the corrosion potential of the steel in chloride environments and reducing its corrosion current density. In addition, the Mg-Al-pAB-LDH coating applied to the surface of steel not only enhances the corrosion resistance in the marine environment but also possesses self-healing capabilities in areas of local damage to the steel surface.

Wood fibers with natural blowing agents for extrusion and injection molding of polypropylene

ABSTRACT This paper presents a new two-step approach of foaming polypropylene (PP) containing wood fibers (WF) with tri-sodium citrate dihydrate as the low-temperature chemical blowing agent (CBA) and sucrose as the high-temperature CBA. The first CBA was intentionally selected to thermally degrade during extrusion (lower temperature range), whereas the second CBA during the injection molding (higher temperature range). The CBAs were dissolved in water, and WF were soaked in these solutions, afterward dried, ground, and then mixed with PP and extruded. The extruded granules were then injection molded to produce dumbbell-shaped samples. The porosity, thermal degradation, PP crystallization, mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the wood-polymer composites (WPCs), as well as their susceptibility to acoustic damping, were determined. It was shown that sucrose can be an effective CBA for injection-molded WPC samples. However, the effectiveness of this additive is improved by the addition of tri-sodium citrate dihydrate, which decomposed during extrusion.

Bout the composition and neutron activation radiography of the topaz crystals from the author’s collection

Bout the composition and neutron activation radiography of the topaz crystals from the author’s collection

Novel magnetic hybrid bio-mixture with two types of nano powders for the targeted drug delivery systems: Characterize, prepare, stability, ultra-sonicated and the thermal management

By systematically evaluating the thermal conductivity (TC) and viscosity of Fe₃O₄ + TiO₂ and Fe₃O₄ + ZnO nanofluids, this study aims to identify key differences in their performance and behavior, particularly in biomedical applications. The investigation is conducted in a simulated body fluid (SBF) to closely replicate physiological conditions, providing a realistic assessment of their potential for use in hyperthermia therapy and targeted drug delivery. The study employs X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze the crystal structure and chemical composition of the nanomaterials, while field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) characterizes the size, shape, and dispersion of nanoparticles within the fluid matrix. The results indicated that Fe₃O₄ + ZnO exhibits superior thermal conductivity, whereas Fe₃O₄ + TiO₂ shows higher viscosity due to its tendency to form denser aggregates. These findings are crucial for selecting the appropriate nanofluid formulation for specific biomedical applications. Additionally, the study highlights that the observed differences in thermal and rheological behavior between the two hybrid nanofluids could be leveraged to tailor them for optimized performance in different therapeutic contexts. Ultimately, this comparative analysis offers valuable insights into the design and development of magnetic hybrid bio-nanofluids (BNs), guiding future research efforts toward their potential optimization for cutting-edge biomedical technologies.

Direct regeneration of LiFePO4 cathode by inherent impurities in spent lithium-ion batteries

The direct regeneration method, recognized for its cost-effectiveness, has garnered considerable attentions in the field of battery recycling. In this study, a novel direct regeneration strategy is proposed to repair spent LiFePO4 (S-LFP) cathodes without the need for impurity removal. Instead, the residual conductive carbon and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in S-LFP are employed as inherent reductive agents. Systematic characterization and analysis reveal that the failure of S-LFP primarily originates from a substantial loss of Li+ and the conversion of LiFePO4 to FePO4. Meanwhile, it is demonstrated that both residual conductive carbon and PVDF play positive roles in promoting the regeneration of S-LFP through distinct mechanisms. As a result, the regenerated LFP exhibits significant recovery in crystal structure and chemical composition as compared to S-LFP, which leads to notably improved lithium storage performance. Furthermore, to further enhance the lithium storage property, a specific amount of glucose (10 %) is introduced during the regeneration of S-LFP, yielding a regenerated product that performs comparably to commercial LFP. Clearly, our approach, in contrast to traditional regeneration methods, maximizes the utilization of residual impurities within S-LFP, resulting in effective regeneration of S-LFP, thereby proving both informative and cost-effective.

Green synthesis of novel Z-scheme SnS2/HAp nanocomposite using Ocimum tenuiflorum leaf extract and investigation of its photocatalytic activity.

The present study focuses on the green synthesis of a novel Z-scheme SnS₂/HAp photocatalyst using Ocimum tenuiflorum (tulsi) leaf extract as a stabilizing agent. This approach not only emphasizes sustainability but also adds value to waste by extracting hydroxyapatite (HAp) from Labeo rohita fish scales, addressing the challenge of their disposal. The synthesized photocatalyst was thoroughly characterized using a range of analytical techniques to evaluate its crystal structure, optical properties, morphology, and elemental composition. The photocatalytic activity of the SnS₂/HAp composite was assessed through the degradation of gentian violet (GV) dye, a representative organic pollutant. Various reaction parameters were optimized to enhance the degradation efficiency, and the photocatalyst's performance was further tested across different water matrices. Under optimal conditions, the SnS₂/HAp photocatalyst achieved a maximum photodegradation efficiency of 97.49% with a rate constant of 0.0494min- 1 for GV dye. Additionally, it exhibited an efficiency greater than 70% against other emerging pollutants via advanced oxidation processes (AOP). The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to the formation of a Z-Scheme heterojunction between SnS2 and HAp, which enhanced the charge separation efficiency and delayed the charge recombination. The study also demonstrated the photocatalyst's remarkable reusability, maintaining high performance over five cycles and across various water environments. This highlights its potential as a sustainable solution for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous streams. Finally, a Z-scheme electron transport mechanism is proposed to explain the photodegradation process of GV dye using the SnS₂/HAp photocatalyst.

Effects of liquid accelerators on long-term mechanical strength development and microstructural changes of wet-mixed shotcrete

The significant long-term strength loss of shotcrete can greatly affect the safety and stability of underground shotcrete structures. Developing high-quality liquid accelerators remains an indispensable research direction and a viable approach to mitigate challenge. This study synthesizes three distinct kinds of liquid accelerators - alkali-free fluorine-free (GJ), alkali-free fluorine-containing (MJ), and low-alkaline (JJ) and investigates their effects on the long-term mechanical strength of wet-mixed shotcrete. Moreover, changes in the phase composition and microstructure of accelerated shotcrete were explored utilizing X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy techniques to reveal underlying mechanisms. Results indicate that accelerated cement paste and mortar with a 6 wt% fixed dosage of liquid accelerators exceeded the prescribed basic performance indices (setting time and 28-day compressive strength ratio) for shotcrete applications. Among the accelerators, the alkali-free fluorine-containing type exhibited the most beneficial effect on long-term strength, attributed to increased C-(A)-S-H formation from added Al and Si into the system. Morphological and crystal composition changes in hydrate phases, notably the transformation of ettringite to AFm and additional formation of monosulfate and hemicarbonate, increased the solid volume, refined pore structure and reduced total porosity, thus enhancing long-term strength. This study offers valuable insights into the synthesis and optimization of main accelerator components to mitigate long-term strength loss in shotcrete for practical engineering applications.

Dynamic evolution of the transcrustal plumbing system in Large Igneous Provinces: Geochemical and microstructural insights from glomerocrysts and melt inclusions

Abstract The nature of the magma plumbing system of Large Igneous Provinces is still poorly understood. Among these exceptional magmatic events from Earth’s past, the end-Triassic Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) and the end-Cretaceous Deccan Traps (Deccan) coincided in time with two of the most catastrophic biotic crises during the Phanerozoic. In order to constrain the architecture of their magma plumbing system, glomerocrysts containing abundant bubble-bearing melt inclusions from basaltic lava flows of both CAMP and Deccan were investigated via in situ geochemical and microstructural analyses. The analysed glomerocrysts, dominated by augitic clinopyroxene crystals, represent fragments of a crystal mush entrained by basaltic magmas before eruption. The analysed melt inclusions, consisting of an intermediate to felsic composition glass and CO2-bearing bubbles, represent relics of interstitial melts and fluids within a porous crystal framework forming the crystal mush. The different volume proportions between bubbles and whole inclusions reveal that melt entrapment occurred after volatile exsolution. The minimum observed bubble/inclusion fraction indicates that the CO2 concentration in CAMP and Deccan melts was at least 0.3 wt.%, consistent with a maximum entrapment pressure of about 0.5 GPa at CO2–H2O fluid-saturated conditions. The MgO-rich composition of host clinopyroxene crystals and whole rocks is in contrast with the SiO2-rich composition of (trachy-) andesitic to rhyolitic glass of melt inclusions, pointing to disequilibrium conditions. Thermodynamic and geochemical modelling shows that fractional crystallization alone cannot explain the evolved composition of glass in melt inclusions starting from their whole rock composition. On one side, the oxygen isotope composition of clinopyroxene crystals in glomerocrysts ranges from + 3.9 (± 0.3) to + 5.8 (± 0.3) ‰ and their sample-averaged oxygen isotope composition spans from + 4.4 (N = 10) to + 5.6 (N = 10) ‰, implying that glomerocrysts crystallized from mafic melts with normal (i.e., mantle-like) to slightly low δ18O values. On the other side, the oxygen isotope composition of glass in melt inclusions ranges from + 5.5 (± 0.4) to + 22.1 (± 0.4) ‰, implying that melt inclusions entrapped intermediate to felsic melts with normal (i.e., mantle-like) to extremely high δ18O values, typical of (meta-) sedimentary rocks. Some melt inclusions are compatible with fractionation from the same mafic melts that crystallized their host mineral phase, but most melt inclusions are compatible with variable degrees of crustal assimilation and partial mixing, potentially followed by minor post-entrapment isotope re-equilibration. In the CAMP, where sedimentary basins are abundant, (meta-) pelites and occasionally granitoids were the most likely assimilants. On the contrary, in the Deccan, where sedimentary basins are rare, granitoids and metapelites were the most likely assimilants. Oxygen isotope compositions of glass in melt inclusions, spanning from mantle-like to crust-dominated signatures, suggest that the CO2 within their coexisting bubbles likely derived partly from the mantle and partly from assimilated crustal materials. The investigated glomerocrysts and their bubble-bearing melt inclusions are relics of a multiphase (i.e., solid + liquid + gas phases) crystal mush revealing a dynamic evolution for the magma plumbing system of both CAMP and Deccan, where crystals, silicate melts and exsolved fluids coexisted and interacted through most of the transcrustal section.