Composition Modulation Research Articles

Tetrandrine Alleviates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Modulating Lung Microbiota-Derived Metabolism and Ameliorating Alveolar Epithelial Cell Senescence.

Tetrandrine (TET) is a minimally toxic drug extracted from the root of Stephania tetrandra. We previously demonstrated that TET could ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis (PF) by modulating autophagy. However, the mechanism behind TET's protective effects on PF remains unclear. In this study, we utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing, nontargeted metabolomic analysis, and network pharmacology to identify changes in lung microbiota and metabolites that mediate alveolar epithelial cell senescence in bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF in mice. Additionally, we employed Western blot analysis, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence staining to investigate the invitro and invivo effects of TET and its influential bacterial metabolites on PF. The TET intervention alleviated PF by regulating the compositions of lung microbial communities (Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Acinetobacter, Altererythrobacter, Atopostipes, Candidatus Cloacimonas, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Sphingomonas, Listeria, Blautia, and Pseudomonas) and metabolites (3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3,4-DHPPA), 6-Aminonicotinamide, N-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine, and resiniferatoxin). Through network pharmacological analysis, it was determined that 3,4-DHPPA played a crucial role in alleviating PF by further inhibiting the senescence of alveolar epithelial cells, a finding further validated in exvivo experiments. TET mitigated BLM-induced PF in murine models through the modulation of lung microbiota composition and metabolism. Specifically, TET augmented the level of the microbiota-derived metabolite, 3,4-DHPPA, which in turn attenuated alveolar epithelial cell senescence.

Preventive potential of chitosan self-assembled coconut residue dietary fiber in hyperlipidemia: Mechanistic insights into gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids.

Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder resulted from unhealthy dietary and lifestyle habits. Its pathogenesis is possibly linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study investigates the preventive effects of chitosan self-assembled coconut residue dietary fiber (CRFSC) on hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and gut microbiota. CRFSC resulted in a significant weight loss of 7.9% in HFD rats and had a preventive effect on all four lipid parameter abnormalities. HFD supplemented with oat group resulted in a weight loss of 3.8% in HFD rats and had no preventive effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) abnormalities. Prevention was achieved not only through the modulation of gut microbiota composition and the increase of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, but also through the activation of superoxide dismutase enzyme and the inhibition of malondialdehyde accumulation, all of which are the factors leading to the controlling of lipid abnormalities and oxidative damage. The prevention of lipid parameters by chitosan self-assembled coconut residue dietary fiber (CRFSC) may be attributed to its richness in chitosan and insoluble dietary fiber, as well as its ability to enrich beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus. Correlation analysis demonstrated that key bacterial species producing SCFAs, which are rich in the CRFSC diet, had a positive impact on controlling hyperlipidemia. Hence, consumption of a CRFSC diet could serve as an effective strategy for preventing and controlling the development of hyperlipidemia due to its potential ability to regulate gut microbiota and SCFAs. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study showed that dietary fiber from coconut residue after chitosan self-assembly had preventive effects on overweight, dyslipidemia, and oxidative damage in rats. In addition, CRFSC also increased the content of short-chain fatty acids in the gut. And improve gut health by affecting gut microbiota. This finding suggests that CRFSC can be used as a dietary strategy to prevent hyperlipidemia and has practical significance in developing new healthy foods.

Achieving Balanced Energy Harvesting and Light Detection via Compositional Modulation with a High-LUMO-Level Nonfused-Ring Electron Acceptor

Achieving Balanced Energy Harvesting and Light Detection via Compositional Modulation with a High-LUMO-Level Nonfused-Ring Electron Acceptor

Dual-oxides confined carbonyl iron enabling superior electromagnetic wave absorption and anticorrosion performance

With the increasing requirements of electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption, developing EMW absorbers with high-efficiency anti-corrosion performance which can be effectively applied in extreme corrosive environments is imperative and constitutes a hot issue in the current research. Herein, based on the composition modulation of ZrO2 and SiO2 layer, the dual-oxides confined carbonyl iron (CI@ZrO2/SiO2) composite displays a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −48.58 ​dB@1.9 ​mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.62 ​GHz@1.6 ​mm. Besides, the CI@ZrO2/SiO2 displays superior corrosion resistance with corrosion current density (icorr) of 8.62 ​× ​10−7 A/cm2 and polarization resistance (Rp) of 3.64×105 ​Ω. This work proposes a strategy to optimize the broadband EMW absorption properties as well as the mass production toward the corrosion resistance applications.

Optimizing beet seed germination via dielectric barrier discharge plasma parameters

This study explores the synergistic effects of gas composition and electric field modulation on beetroot seed germination using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. The investigation initially focuses on the impact of air plasma exposure on germination parameters, varying both voltage and treatment duration. Subsequently, the study examines how different gas compositions (argon, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide) affect germination outcomes under optimal air plasma conditions. Results indicate that plasma treatment significantly enhances germination rates and seedling growth relative to untreated controls. Notably, plasma exposure alters seed surface morphology and chemistry, increasing roughness, porosity, and hydrophilicity due to the formation of new polar functional groups. The highest germination rate (a 54.84 % increase) and germination index (a 40.11 % increase) were observed at the lowest voltage and shortest duration, whereas higher voltages and prolonged exposure reduced germination, likely due to oxidative stress. Among the tested gas environments, air plasma was most effective in enhancing water uptake and electrical conductivity, while oxygen plasma resulted in the highest germination index and marked improvements in root and shoot length. Conversely, carbon dioxide plasma treatment exhibited inhibitory effects on both germination and subsequent growth metrics. The results highlight the potential of DBD plasma technology to enhance agricultural productivity by optimizing seed germination and early growth. The study emphasizes the importance of precise parameter tuning, particularly gas composition and plasma exposure conditions, to maximize benefits while minimizing adverse effects, offering a refined approach to seed priming in agricultural practices.

Illustrating the influence of anodic/cathodic second-phases on dissolution mode via Mg–Ca–Sn alloy anodes for primary Mg-air cells

Two second-phases with an opposite potential difference to the α-Mg matrix may affect the discharge mechanism of magnesium (Mg) anodes for primary Mg-air cells through different micro-galvanic behaviors. Herein, using Mg–Ca-xSn alloys anode with Mg2Ca and CaMgSn phases, we investigated their influence on the dissolution mode of Mg-anode during discharge state via in-situ scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) technology. Firstly, the peak surface positive potential of Mg–1Ca alloy only containing Mg2Ca phase and Mg–1Ca–1Sn alloy with CaMgSn/Mg2Ca phase increases multiplied by 10 during the discharge process compared to that of OCP, exhibiting accelerated anodic substrate dissolution. Moreover, Mg2Ca-phases can be attacked firstly while promoting the discharge of the α-Mg matrix surrounding them, leading to the preferential dissolution of grain boundaries and “chunk effects (CE)” occurrence. More CaMgSn/α-Mg couples are activated to form dispersed micro-galvanic cell islands, which also boosts the dissolution of the α-Mg matrix but reduces the area of high-intensity dissolution reaction due to CaMgSn acting as a cathode. However, excessive CaMgSn-phase generally fails to discharge effectively to reduce anode efficiency, although it can improve the self-peeling capacity of the film layer through physical detachment; in addition, with Sn content increasing to 3 wt%, the open circuit voltage of Mg–1Ca–3Sn significantly declines. Mg–1Ca-0.2Sn exhibits the highest cell voltage and anodic efficiency by introducing a tiny amount of dispersed short rod-like CaMgSn, due to the adjusted dissolution mode, enhanced electrochemical activity and inhibited CE. Finally, our study provides a universal mechanism for fabricating Mg-anode with high performance via phase composition modulation.

LPI Radar Waveform Recognition Based on Hierarchical Classification Approach and Maximum Likelihood Estimation

The importance of information gathering is emphasized to minimize casualties and economic losses in warfare. Through electronic warfare, which utilizes electromagnetic waves, it is possible to discern the enemy’s intentions and respond accordingly, thereby leading the battle advantageously. Consequently, related research is actively underway. The development of various radar signal modulation techniques has revealed limitations in the existing modulation recognition methods, necessitating the development of distinguishing features to overcome these limitations. This paper proposes and analyzes distinguishing features that can differentiate various modulation schemes. Eleven distinguishing features were employed, and twenty-two types of modulated signals, including analog, digital, and composite modulation, were classified using hierarchical classification approach and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). The proposed method achieves a recognition performance of 99.76% at an SNR of 20 dB and 98.45% at an SNR of 8 dB.

Regulation of transmembrane current through modulation of biomimetic lipid membrane composition.

Ion transport through biological channels is influenced not only by the structural properties of the channels themselves but also by the composition of the phospholipid membrane, which acts as a scaffold for these nanochannels. Drawing inspiration from how lipid membrane composition modulates ion currents, as seen in the activation of the K+ channel in Streptomyces A (KcsA) by anionic lipids, we propose a biomimetic nanochannel system that integrates DNA nanotechnology with two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. By modifying the length of the multibranched DNA nanowires generated through the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and varying the concentration of the linker strands that integrate these DNA nanowire structures with the GO membrane, the composition of the membrane can be effectively adjusted, consequently impacting ion transport. This method provides a strategy for developing devices with highly efficient and tunable ion transport, suitable for applications in mass transport, environmental protection, biomimetic channels, and biosensors.

Nutritional Modulation of the Gut-Brain Axis: A Comprehensive Review of Dietary Interventions in Depression and Anxiety Management.

Mental health is an increasing topic of focus since more than 500 million people in the world suffer from depression and anxiety. In this multifactorial disorder, parameters such as inflammation, the state of the microbiota and, therefore, the patient's nutrition are receiving more attention. In addition, food products are the source of many essential ingredients involved in the regulation of mental processes, including amino acids, neurotransmitters, vitamins, and others. For this reason, this narrative review was carried out with the aim of analyzing the role of nutrition in depression and anxiety disorders. To reach the review aim, a critical review was conducted utilizing both primary sources, such as scientific publications and secondary sources, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. The search was conducted in PsychINFO, MedLine (Pubmed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, and CinAhl. The results show a direct relationship between what we eat and the state of our nervous system. The gut-brain axis is a complex system in which the intestinal microbiota communicates directly with our nervous system and provides it with neurotransmitters for its proper functioning. An imbalance in our microbiota due to poor nutrition will cause an inflammatory response that, if sustained over time and together with other factors, can lead to disorders such as anxiety and depression. Changes in the functions of the microbiota-gut-brain axis have been linked to several mental disorders. It is believed that the modulation of the microbiome composition may be an effective strategy for a new treatment of these disorders. Modifications in nutritional behaviors and the use of ergogenic components are presented as important non-pharmacological interventions in anxiety and depression prevention and treatment. It is desirable that the choice of nutritional and probiotic treatment in individual patients be based on the results of appropriate biochemical and microbiological tests.

IL-17A-producing γδ T cells: A novel target in stroke immunotherapy.

The activation of the immune system is crucial for the fate of the ischemic brain tissue and neurological outcome in experimental stroke. Rapidly after stroke γδ (γδ17), T cells release IL-17A in the ischemic brain and thereby amplify the early detrimental immune response. Notably, IL-17A levels in γδ17 T cells are modulated by the intestinal microbiota which is, in turn, shaped by the diet. Importantly, besides their proinflammatory effects, meningeal γδ17 T cells have been recently implicated in regulating neuronal signaling, behavior, and cognition under homeostatic and pathological conditions at the brain-meningeal interface. Against this background, we propose that a dietary intervention represents a promising treatment option to improve poststroke outcomes by the modulation of the microbiota composition and IL-17A levels in γδ T cells.

Genome engineering of materials based on Ce doping, high-performance electromagnetic wave absorber for marine environment

Traditional microwave absorbing materials (MAM) are difficult to meet the current increasingly complex electromagnetic environment, MAM began to functionally integrated development to meet the needs of diversified applications. For the high humidity and high salt spray environment of the ocean, the development of electromagnetic absorber integrating microwave absorption (MA) and corrosion protection functions is imminent. In this work, high-quality genes were screened through materials genome engineering, and in-situ doping strategies of Ce gene were designed to synergistically enhance MA properties using composition modulation and structure modulation, the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of composite material WC@FCC1 can reach 5.62 GHz at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.66 mm. Thanks to the unique 4f orbital mechanism of Ce element, CeO2 is endowed with excellent redox property, forming an oxide protective film on the surface, which prevents the entry of external corrosive media. The excellent corrosion protection performance of the composite material has been verified through electrochemical testing and molecular dynamics simulation. This work provides new design ideas for high-performance MAM, as well as new strategies and insights for functionally integrated electromagnetic absorber.

АНАЛІЗ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ЛОКАЛЬНОГО НАПРУЖЕНО-ДЕФОРМОВАНОГО СТАНУ З'ЄДНАННЯ МЕТАЛЕВОГО КОМЛЯ З КОМПОЗИТНОЮ ЛОПАТТЮ ПОВІТРЯНОГО ГВИНТА

The article discusses the possibility of modeling the stress-strain state (SSS) of the connection of the metal butt with the composite cylindrical part of the blade using the specialized ANSYS software application and its Composite PrepPost module. Created connection models in ANSYS environment. The optimal designs for connecting the metal butt and composite material have been determined. For a simplified calculation of the connection strength, only the influence of the centrifugal force arising during operation of the screw is taken into account. In the ANSYS software package, a static load of the connection was carried out, which makes it possible to evaluate the nature of the stress distribution in the connection. A butt model and a finite element connection mesh were created. For the calculation, the characteristics of the materials of the blade elements are given. To determine a rational structural-power connection scheme, varying parameters were selected: the number of rows of spikes along the radius, the number of spike belts and the arrangement of the butt spikes. The dependence of the voltage in the composite part of the connection on the arrangement of the butt spikes was obtained. The shape and length of the spike were analyzed. The dependence of voltage on the radius of curvature of the tenon was obtained. The stress-strain state of a tenon-rounded flange is shown in ANSYS. The dependences of voltage on the length of the spike were obtained. The calculation showed that the length of the tenon L has a significant effect on the strength characteristics of the connection between the flange and the composite layer. To determine the rational position of the stud, a calculation was carried out in the ANSYS environment with a shift of all rows of studs by the amount K from the extreme position in engagement with the composite layer and a change in the linear order of the studs to a staggered one. The results of the calculation in the ANSYS environment are presented as a dependence of stress on the displacement K. A flange model is presented, where the stud arrangement is staggered, and the result of the stress calculation in the ANSYS environment. The calculation showed that changing the order of the studs from linear to staggered reduces the maximum stress to 385 MPa. The hydraulic pressure tests confirmed the calculation results. The simulation results showed a significant improvement in the mechanical performance of the joints with minimal design costs.

The Potential Role of Boron in the Modulation of Gut Microbiota Composition: An In Vivo Pilot Study

Background/Objectives: The role of the gut microbiome in the development and progression of many diseases has received increased attention in recent years. Boron, a trace mineral found in dietary sources, has attracted interest due to its unique electron depletion and coordination characteristics in chemistry, as well as its potential role in modulating the gut microbiota. This study investigates the effects of inorganic boron derivatives on the gut microbiota of mice. Methods: For three weeks, boric acid (BA), sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (NaB), and sodium perborate tetrahydrate (SPT) were dissolved (200 mg/kg each) in drinking water and administered to wild-type BALB/c mice. The composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed to determine the impact of these treatments. Results: The administration of BA significantly altered the composition of the gut microbiota, resulting in a rise in advantageous species such as Barnesiella and Alistipes. Additionally, there was a decrease in some taxa associated with inflammation and illness, such as Clostridium XIVb and Bilophila. Notable increases in genera like Treponema and Catellicoccus were observed, suggesting the potential of boron compounds to enrich microbial communities with unique metabolic functions. Conclusions: These findings indicate that boron compounds may have the potential to influence gut microbiota composition positively, offering potential prebiotic effects. Further research with additional analyses is necessary to fully understand the interaction between boron and microbiota and to explore the possibility of their use as prebiotic agents in clinical settings.

Stress increase by nanoscale hcp precipitates in HfNbTaTiZr high entropy alloys

HfNbTaTiZr high entropy alloys show a stress increase around 873 K, especially in the single crystals. At 873 K, the bcc single phase is decomposed into the bcc1 and bcc2 phases due to spinodal decomposition with composition modulation along <100> direction. The bcc1 phase has Zr- and Hf-rich composition, while Nb and Ta are enriched in the bcc2 phase. Next, the hcp phase is precipitated along the bcc1 phase. As a result, the hcp phase is aligned parallel to {100} plane of the bcc phase. The fine hcp phase acts as a strong barrier to the dislocation motion, resulting in the stress increase at 873 K.

Innovative robotic-woven willow-clay-composite ceiling elements

Abstract The construction sector contributes 36% to global final energy use and 39% to energy-related CO2 emissions. Consequently, it is imperative to focus on quantifying and reducing environmental impacts e.g., via renewable building materials. The combination of fast-growing willow as tension reinforcement for regionally available and compression bearing clay seems a promising approach. The new attempt is based on the idea of full circularity, as the willow clay composite modules are in the first loop dismountable and can be rearranged and reused for another life cycle. When the composite material comes to its end-of-life, the materials can be theoretically fully recovered. To assess the environmental sustainability of such an innovative composite structure for the first time, a simplified cradle to grave Life Cycle Assessment is performed. The investigation is based on experimental data of the 1 to 1 scale robotically woven willow-clay-composite ceiling demonstrator. First results reveal hot spots, especially in the supply chain of the prototype production process but compared to conventional steel concrete ceiling, the innovative biobased composite is capable to function as a CO2 sink over the entire life cycle. In addition, the resource problem of timber could be circumvented accordingly.

Effects of xylo-oligosaccharide supplementation on the production performance, intestinal morphology, cecal short-chain fatty acid levels, and gut microbiota of laying hens

This study investigated the effects of xylo-oligosaccharide supplementation on the production performance, intestinal morphology, cecal short-chain fatty acid levels, and gut microbiota of laying hens. A total of 800 Lohmann pink layers, each 48 wk old, were randomly divided into 5 dietary treatment groups, namely XOS at 0 (CON), 100 (XOS1), 200 (XOS2), 300 (XOS3) and 400 (X0S4) mg/kg. The experimental period was 24 wk. The results revealed that the egg production rate and the number of eggs laid by each layer between 1 to 12 wk increased as the XOS concentration increased (Plinear < 0.05). The sand-shell egg percentage decreased significantly from 1 to 12 wk in the XOS1, XOS2, and XOS3 groups (PANOVA < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the 4 XOS dosage groups presented significant increases in the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum (PANOVA < 0.05), whereas a linear decrease in jejunal crypt depth (Plinear < 0.05) was noted. In addition, XOS supplementation significantly increased the concentrations of butyric acid and isovaleric acid in the caeca (PANOVA < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA revealed that dietary XOS supplementation influenced the cecal microbiota. The alpha diversity analysis indicated that the richness of cecal bacteria was greater in the laying hens fed XOS. The modulation of the cecal microbiota composition upon the addition of XOS was characterized by an increased abundance of Firmicutes and Bifidobacteriaceae, and decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, dietary XOS supplementation resulted in decreases in the abundances of Bacteroides and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and an increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus. In conclusion, dietary XOS supplementation improved the production performance of laying hens by increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids and improving their intestinal morphology, which was achieved mainly through changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The recommended level of XOS in the diet of laying hens is 200 mg/kg.

An investigation of Ti addition to optimize the tribological properties of TiCrNbTaW refractory high-entropy alloy

Many refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) with high melting points suffer from severe wear-fracture failures due to compositional segregation, which is a key factor limiting their widespread application as structural parts. In this work, two novel TixCrNbTaW (x = 1 and 1.5) RHEAs were prepared using composition modulation and liquid phase assisted sintering strategies. The results showed that the further addition of Ti enhanced the strength, toughness and microstructural homogeneity of the RHEAs, which effectively suppressed the wear-fracture behavior. In addition, the dense oxidized amorphous layer formed in-situ has higher hardness than the matrix, which can provide additional load-bearing capacity. The synergistic effect of the above factors promotes the wear rate of Ti1.5 alloy to be as low as 2.9 × 10−5 mm3/(N·m). The present work provides some insights into the design of high anti-wear RHEAs.

Optimized bimodal silver particle sintering for high thermal conductivity die-attach layers

A bimodal silver system can achieve higher effective thermal conductivity (ETC) than a mono-system for electronic packaging. However, the effect of micron- and submicron-particle compositions on the microstructure and ETC of sintered Ag is unclear. In this study, Ag films with varying particle compositions were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. The results indicate that the sintered bimodal Ag film with 76 vol% submicron-particles possesses the highest ETC (260 W m−1 K−1). This enhancement is attributed to the decreased porosity, increased pore circularity and pore distribution uniformity. This particle composition modulation strategy can provide a guideline for developing high-performance die-attach materials for electronic packaging.

Modulation of p-Block Electron Orbits in Metal-Organic Frameworks for CO2 Capture and Electrochemical Reduction.

Developing catalysts with excellent CO2 capture capability and electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) at a wide potential range simultaneously is significant but remains a formidable challenge. Here, two novel InMg defective trinuclear cluster-based MOFs (SNNU-41 and SNNU-42) with abundant p-block unsaturated coordinated sites were reported and exhibited good CO2 capture and CO2RR performance simultaneously. Due to the suitable micropores, SNNU-41 showed higher CO2 capture ability at different adsorption pressure conditions. On account of the rigid framework and the closer p band center to Fermi level, SNNU-42 accelerated the conversion of CO2 molecule to C1 efficiency. Notably, via adjusting the ratio of p-block metal (In) in the SNNU-42 framework, the performance of the CO2RR was promoted drastically. SNNU-42 with the InMg (1:1.8) mixed cluster delivered an excellent Faradaic efficiency of 91.3% for C1 products and high selectivity of 72.0% for HCOOH at -2.5 V (vs Ag/Ag+) with a total current density of 77.2 mA cm-2. This work provides a possibility for efficient CO2 capture and CO2RR electrocatalysts through the modulation of electronic structures and composition in MOFs.

Optimised phase compositions and achieved ultra-high Q×f values in Ca(2+y)Sn2Al(2+x)O(9+1.5x+y) ceramics by composition modulation

The optimization of phase compositions and microwave dielectric properties in Ca(2+y)Sn2Al(2+x)O(9+1.5x + y) (−0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.2, −0.2 ≤ y ≤ 0.2) ceramics were investigated. The change in Al content could inhibit the SnO2 second phase of Ca2Sn2Al2O9 ceramic, and the Al deficiency in Ca2Sn2Al(2+x)O(9+1.5x) (−0.2 ≤ x < 0) ceramics contributed to the increase in the content of the CaSnO3 second phase. The enrichment of the Al content could not inhibit the CaSnO3 second phase, and the low content of the CaSnO3 second phase was obtained in Ca2Sn2Al(2+x)O(9+1.5x) (0 < x ≤ 0.2) ceramics. The high content of CaSnO3 second phase was also observed in Ca(2+y)Sn2Al2O(9+y) (0 < y ≤ 0.2) ceramics, and the enrichment of Ca induced the CaSnO3 second phase. Moreover, the slight Ca deficiency inhibited the SnO2 and CaSnO3 second phases, and the Ca2Sn2Al2O9 single-phase ceramic was obtained in Ca(2+y)Sn2Al2O(9+y) (y = −0.1). The Ca(2+y)Sn2Al(2+x)O(9+1.5x + y) (−0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.2, −0.2 ≤ y ≤ 0.2) ceramics with a high content of CaSnO3 second phases exhibited high εr and moderate Q × f values, which were controlled by the ρrel and the content of the CaSnO3 second phase, respectively. The Q × f value was sensitive to the second phases, and Ca-deficient Ca(2+y)Sn2Al2O(9+y) (y = −0.1) ceramic with Ca2Sn2Al2O9 single-phase composition exhibited the ultra-high Q × f value (Q × f = 121818 GHz at 11.86 GHz).