Composite Tank Research Articles

Machine learning-based analytical approach for mechanical analysis of composite hydrogen storage tanks under internal pressure

This study is a practical exploration of the application of machine learning for the mechanical analysis of filament-wound thin-composite hydrogen storage tanks under internal pressure. Our innovative approach seamlessly integrates classical laminate theory, comprehensive parametric analysis, and machine learning to advance the state-of-the-art in composite tank design. This versatile framework holds promise for addressing challenges in other structurally complex systems. A comprehensive parametric study was then conducted to explore the influence of key design parameters, such as internal pressure, tank radius, order of layer, and layer orientation. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the parameters that had the most significant impact on the mechanical behavior of the tank. In addition, five machine learning models, namely, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Adaptive Boosting, Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest, were examined to determine their predictive capability for the mechanical performance of these composite tanks. Key findings demonstrate XGBoost's superior predictive capabilities, achieving a remarkable 99% accuracy in predicting stress in the x-direction compared to Random Forest's 96%. XGBoost also outperformed Random Forest in terms of Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) with values of 26 and 0.02, respectively, versus 207 and 0.16. These results underscore XGBoost's potential to revolutionize hydrogen storage tank design. The development of a user-friendly GUI application further enhances the practicality of this research, allowing engineers and composite designers to efficiently simulate the mechanical behavior of these tanks in real time by adjusting the cursors for variables such as the pressure, radius, layer order, and layer orientation. This tool, with its intuitive interface and elimination of manual calculations, promises significant enhancements in the design process, providing a platform for the rapid assessment and optimization of tank architectures, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of the design process.

Cylindrical Composite Structural Design for Underwater Compressed Air Energy Storage

Abstract The utilization of renewable energy sources is pivotal for future energy sustainability. However, the effective utilization of this energy in marine environments necessitates the implementation of energy storage systems to compensate for energy losses induced by intermittent power usage. Underwater compressed air energy storage(UWCAES) is a cost-effective and emission-free method for storing energy underwater. This technology has proven to be effective and viable, and it offers significant benefits in terms of energy efficiency and sustainability. In this paper, a cylindrical composite structure UWCAES tank is designed. At first, the materials and shapes of the different forms of air containers were evaluated, and the relationship between container diameter, length, and number of air containers was analyzed on the basis of the range of energy storage densities for different kinds of systems. Subsequently, the materials to be applied in the tanks were investigated and selected according to the actual working conditions of the system. Eventually, finite element models and prediction formula were developed and the influence of changes in the thicknesses of the steel reinforcement were discussed. The results demonstrated that the storage tank possesses adequate environmental resistance and load-bearing capacity, which can provide a reference for its practical engineering implementation.

Feasibility study of carbon-fiber reinforced polymer linerless pressure vessel tank

Composite pressure vessels are used in aerospace engineering for storing fluids such as propellants, nitrogen, and oxygen. They are also used in life-support systems, High-performance pressure suits for astronauts, Helium Tanks for Balloons and Airships. Among many types of composites, Carbon fiber composites uses have been increasing due to its high strength to weight ratio, high thermal expansion, corrosion, fatigue and impact resistance and design flexibility. In order to improve the volume of the pressure vessel, the liner-less concept is tried. This increased volume efficiency is crucial in aerospace applications where space is at a premium and maximizing storage capacity within limited dimensions is important. Not only the volume efficiency, but also the Reduced Permeability Concerns, Enhanced Durability and Longevity, better thermal continuity and simplified manufacturing process make this research significant in the area of pressure vessel. This research paper deals with the fabrication and development of a cylinder without a lining. The test sample was subjected to several tests: tensile test, impact, shear test (3P Bending), leak test and Pressure test. The test sample was capable of withstanding 20 Bars without failure. The numerical results were also performed and compared with the experimental results. The difference was only 3%. Unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH) AND red-fuming nitric acid can both be stored in this cylinder (RFNA). Unlike traditional composite overwrapped pressure vessels, the liner-less composite tanks rely completely on the composite shell to act as a permeation barrier as well as handling all pressure and environmental loads. The absence of a liner eliminates the potential for delamination or failure at the interface between the liner and the composite material.

Deep learning-driven predictive tools for damage prediction and optimization in composite hydrogen storage tanks

This research presents a comprehensive framework for predicting the damage in lightweight composite high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks and optimizes their design to prevent failure. By integrating advanced analytical methods, numerical analysis, and deep learning techniques, we introduced a novel approach to enhance design optimization and damage prediction. The framework employs the 3D elasticity anisotropy theory to predict mechanical performance, incorporating failure criteria for accurate damage analysis. A parametric study was conducted to examine the effects of thickness, pressure, and diameter on the behavior of the tank. The analytical results were compared against finite element analysis using the WoundSim software, underscoring the significance of the modeling assumptions. Furthermore, we developed a new framework that combines deep neural networks with differential evolution optimization (DNN-DEO) to predict stress and damage in composite pressure vessels while identifying the optimal design parameters (pressure, radius, and thickness) to minimize failure risks and maintain high performance. A graphical user interface (GUI) was also designed to automate calculations and predictions, providing an intuitive tool for users. This integrated approach offers a powerful solution for optimizing the design and operation of lightweight composite hydrogen storage tanks, ensuring the reliability and efficiency of hydrogen storage systems.

A study on the small failure probabilities of cylindrical composite hydrogen storage tanks using subset simulation

Although composite hydrogen tanks are becoming increasingly intriguing, a detailed structural reliability analysis is still lacking. The current landscape of analysis for pressurised multilayer cylinders, while rich in research, lacks tools to deal with the low probabilities of failure that govern the design of hydrogen tanks. This study presents a computational framework integrating the Subset Simulation method (SS) for assessing the failure probability of composite tanks used for hydrogen storage. To explore how randomness impacts design parameters, this study utilises a limit state equation derived from the thin-walled circumferential model of composite pressure tanks. Five random variables, each with varying coefficients of variation (COVs), are incorporated into the analysis. For comparison and validation purposes, two methods Monte Carlo simulations and FORM have been used. The analysis revealed that SS excels at estimating the low failure probabilities of composite hydrogen tanks, and showed also the feasibility and accuracy of SS in the prediction of burst pressure since good agreement was obtained between the probabilistic approach and the experimental results. Furthermore, the uncertainties related to internal pressure and composite thickness affect significantly the reliability of the structure and can lead to the shrinkage of the safety margin and the failure of the vessel.

Simulation analysis of cryogenic mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced silicon-containing epoxy resin composite

The use of carbon fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites instead of metals to manufacture cryogenic propellant tanks for spacecrafts is a development trend in the world aerospace industry. Cryogenic mechanical properties of the composites should be investigated in detail due to that the ultra-low temperature environment may cause micro cracks in the composites, leading to propellant leakage. In the present study, cryogenic tensile properties of a carbon fiber reinforced silicon-containing epoxy resin aomposite are investigated using experimental and numerical simulation methods. A silicon-containing epoxy resin with excellent cryogenic mechanical properties is developed by introducing a synthesized organic silicon polymer epoxidized polysiloxane and Nano-SiO2 into bisphenol F type epoxy resin. The tensile strength and modulus of the silicon-containing epoxy resin at −180 °C are 202.63 MPa and 7.81 GPa, which are 16.71% and 3.03% higher than those of bisphenol F type epoxy resin. The tensile strength of the silicon-containing epoxy resin at −180 °C is increased by 107.7% compared to that at room temperature, and the modulus at −180 °C is nearly twice that at room temperature. The carbon fiber reinforced silicon-containing epoxy resin composite is prepared by vacuum injection molding. The finite element model for the representative volume element of the composite unidirectional plate is established. The random sequence expansion method is used to randomly distribute the carbon fibers and simulate the thermal residual stress, the elastic performance, and the damage of the composite at cryogenic environments. Through comparison, it is found that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The simulation reliability for cryogenic mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites is verified. It is expected to provide a reference for the analysis and evaluation of cryogenic mechanical properties of composite tanks.

Assessment of insulation systems for aircraft liquid hydrogen tanks

Liquid hydrogen (LH2) has ~2.8 times more energy per pound of fuel than Jet-A, however, it requires ~4 times the volume for the same energy. As a result, LH2 aircraft developments are highly dependent on the hydrogen tankage as well as the insulation system requirements. To better understand the sensitivities that hydrogen puts onto the aircraft as a system, Georgia Tech investigators, as part of a NASA preliminary evaluation activity, have developed a single-aisle LH2 passenger jet. As a part of the activity, NASA and Georgia Tech developed the ability to integrate a tank set into the aircraft including insulation systems. Assessments are made on several insulation system options to assess the amount of venting as well as the impacts to aircraft fuel consumption. Based on the results, it is observed that even though polyurethane foam is lightweight, the associated boil-off losses drove the system level mass higher than vacuum jacketed insulations. Composite tanks are observed to decrease fuel system dry mass by several hundred kg over AL5083 tanks.

Investigation of the unsteady thermal storage performance of metal foam dual-phase change unit thermal storage tanks in solar thermal utilization systems

The adoption of metal foam thermal energy storage (TES) tanks in solar thermal utilization systems is crucial for enhancing energy supply stability. In this study, to investigate the transient thermal storage performance of TES tanks, a model of a solar thermal utilization system integrated with solar collectors and TES tanks was established. The model was validated through a literature review and experiments. The effects of initial temperature variation of solar collectors and the addition of metal foam on the transient heat transfer characteristics and thermal efficiency of TES tanks were analyzed. The results indicate that the porous structure of metal foam restricts natural convection, thereby improving temperature drift caused by displacement due to phase change material density variation. Maintaining the same initial temperature of solar collectors, filling metal foam can avoid the occurrence of melting dead zones at the bottom of pure paraffin phase change units, leading to an enhancement in the thermal efficiency of TES tanks and a reduction of 48.44% in phase change completion time. Additionally, a low initial temperature of the solar thermal collection system contributes to improving the thermal efficiency of metal foam composite TES tanks.

Tuning hydrogen boil-off via inert gas insulation purge in a vapor cooled shielded fuel tank

Vapor cooled polymer composite tanks for liquid hydrogen are a newopportunity for light weight power-system integration into unmanned aerial vehicles. Vapor shielding has the ancillary benefit of pre-conditioning the hydrogen for use by a fuel cell. However, the mass flow rate required by a fuel cell should be matched by the natural boil-off rate of the tank. With limited ability to vary insulation thicknesses, the challenge becomes satisfying the fuel cell consumption in UAVs at different mass flow rates when at varying stages of flight from take-off, cruise, and landing. This paper provides experimental measurements of mass flow rate of hydrogen from the tank considering batch purging with helium or argon in the vapor cool shielded insulation layer. A 5-shell vapor cooled shielded tank is used with two layers of insulation including aerogel, helium or argon, and two vapor channels. A more complete understanding of system-level thermal conductance is determined by mass flow of hydrogen leaving the tank during hypothetical flight.

Uneven exposure of compressed natural gas (CNG) and hydrogen (H2) cylinders: Fire and extinguishment tests

Vehicles that are powered by gaseous fuel, e.g., compressed natural gas (CNG) or hydrogen (H2), may, in the event of fire, result in a jet flame from a thermally activated pressure relief device (TPRD), or a pressure vessel explosion. There have been a few incidents for CNG vehicles where the TPRD was unsuccessful to prevent a pressure vessel explosion in the event of fire, both nationally in Sweden and internationally. If the pressure vessel explosion would occur inside an enclosure such as a road tunnel, the resulting consequences are even more problematic. In 2019 the authors investigated the fire safety of CNG cylinders exposed to localized fires. One purpose of the tests conducted in 2021 reported in this paper is to investigate whether extinguishment with water, e.g., from a tunnel deluge system, may compromise the safety of vehicle gas cylinders in the event of fire. Steel cylinders handles the situation with localizde fire and/or cooling with water well. Composite tanks can rupture if the fire exposure degrades the composite material strength, and the TPRD is not sufficiently heated to activate, e.g., if the fire is localized or if the TPRD is being cooled by water, which prevents its activation.

Cryogenic properties of PEG/nano-SiO2 co-toughened winding resin and its carbon fiber-reinforced composites

The epoxy/acid anhydride system was toughened with a homogeneous solution of surface-treated nano-SiO2 and polyethylene glycol (PEG), which satisfies the specific requirements of wet winding processes and effectively enhances the performance of resin and carbon fiber composites at ultra-low temperatures (108K). The results show that when the uniform solution formed by 1 phr SiO2 and 10 phr PEG is added, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the modified resin were increased by 21.4% and 16.1%, respectively, at room temperature. At 108K, the strength and modulus of the modified resin were increased, and the elongation at break was 2.8%. The fracture morphology was analyzed and compared at both room temperature and ultra-low temperature, verifying the relationship between material structure and properties across different temperatures. These findings offer both theoretical and empirical backing for the development of ultra-low temperature carbon fiber composite gas storage tanks.

UAV-Mounted Tank for Processing Agricultural Land with Liquid Agrochemicals

To process agricultural crops, unmanned aerial vehicles carrying tanks with liquid chemicals are used. The paper highlights that containers made of polypropylene and polyethylene exhibit inferior qualities compared to those made of fiberglass, specifically, in terms of strength, thermal stability, resistance to ultraviolet rays, and service life. (Research purpose) To design and manufacture a tank made of composite fiberglass material with a water hammer damper. (Materials and methods) S-glass and epoxy vinyl ester resin were selected for the tank, as they exhibit superior resistance to chemical influences. To construct the tank elements, spray application, impregnation of glass fiber filler in a closed form, and winding were used. (Results and discussion) A comparative analysis was conducted on tank models, assessing their performance with and without a water hammer damper. The effectiveness of the suggested solution has been substantiated through the utilization of KOMPAS-3D software in the KompasFlow application, Within this software, the hydraulic shock is simulated to propagate inside the tank, reflecting off the walls, and gradually diminishing. Load and strength calculations for the fiberglass tank were performed by considering fiberglass parameters using the APM FEM application. (Conclusions) A tank model designed for application of liquid chemical substances in crop spraying from unmanned aerial vehicles has been developed. Innovative methods were employed in the manufacturing of the tank components. Additionally, careful consideration was given to the feasibility of maintenance and reparability. The tank’s volume (experimental sample) measures 0.0158 cubic meters, with a length of 480 millimeters, a width of 216 millimeters, a thickness of 3.6 millimeters, and a weight of approximately 4 kilograms. The design for mounting the composite tank on the unmanned aerial vehicle ensures that the weight of the unmanned aerial vehicle does not impact the tank.

Optimized Design of a H2-Powered Moped for Urban Mobility

Micro-mobility plays an increasingly important role in the current energy transition thanks to its low energy consumption and reduced contribution to urban congestion. In this scenario, fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles have several advantages over state-of-the-art battery electric vehicles, such as increased driving ranges and reduced recharge times. In this paper, we study the conversion of a commercial electric moped (Askoll eS3®) into a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle by finding the optimal design of the components through an optimization methodology based on backward dynamic programming. This optimal design and operation strategy can also be implemented with a rules-based approach. The results show that a system composed of a 1 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a 2000 Sl metal hydride hydrogen tank, and a 240 Wh buffer battery can cover the same driving range as the batteries in an electric moped (119 km). Such a hybrid system occupies considerably less volume (almost 40 L) and has a negligibly higher mass. The free volume can be used to extend the driving range up to almost three times the nominal value. Moreover, by using a high-pressure composite tank, it is possible to increase the mass energy density of the onboard energy storage (although compression can require up to 10% of the hydrogen’s chemical energy). The fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle can be recharged with green hydrogen that is locally produced. In detail, we analyze a residential scenario and a shared mobility scenario in the small Italian city of Viterbo.

Effects of Hydrogen, Methane, and Their Blends on Rapid-Filling Process of High-Pressure Composite Tank

Alternative fuels such as hydrogen, compressed natural gas, and liquefied natural gas are considered as feasible energy carriers. Selected positive factors from the EU climate and energy policy on achieving climate neutrality by 2050 highlighted the need for the gradual expansion of the infrastructure for alternative fuel. In this research, continuity equations and the first and second laws of thermodynamics were used to develop a theoretical model to explore the impact of hydrogen and natural gas on both the filling process and the ultimate in-cylinder conditions of a type IV composite cylinder (20 MPa for CNG, 35 MPa and 70 MPa for hydrogen). A composite tank was considered an adiabatic system. Within this study, based on the GERG-2008 equation of state, a thermodynamic model was developed to compare and determine the influence of (i) hydrogen and (ii) natural gas on the selected thermodynamic parameters during the fast-filling process. The obtained results show that the cylinder-filling time, depending on the cylinder capacity, is approximately 36–37% shorter for pure hydrogen compared to pure methane, and the maximum energy stored in the storage tank for pure hydrogen is approximately 28% lower compared to methane, whereas the total entropy generation for pure hydrogen is approximately 52% higher compared to pure methane.

IMPROVING THE MASS PERFECTION OF COMPOSITE CYLINDRICAL SHELLS OF ROCKET FUEL TANKS

Nowadays, computing capabilities are gaining high performance. Software development has a very positive impact on the СAE of a system. A modern engineer always has tools in his arsenal that allow him not only to design but also to calculate a structure. Predict where the potential destruction will be, etc. Improving the mass sophistication of fuel tanks in rocket and space technology (RST) is an important task to ensure the safety and reliability of space missions. Fuel tanks are critical components of rocket and space technology, as they provide fuel storage and supply during launch and flight. Due to the high technical requirements for these systems, it is important to continuously improve their design and production to ensure high quality and reliability. This article highlights the main aspects of improving the mass sophistication of fuel tanks in RCTs by comparing the classical manufacturing of a wafer tank structure and a composite combination tank. First of all, it discusses the key requirements and standards that are defined for fuel tanks in order to ensure safety and efficiency.The article goes on to analyze the various methods and technologies used to manufacture and control the quality of fuel tanks, including the manufacture of tanks using traditional methods (wafer structures) and composite fuel tank winding. It analyzes the strength and durability of both designs and provides practical recommendations for the development of composite products. Finally, it highlights potential challenges and prospects for development in this area, such as the introduction of new materials, improved manufacturing processes, and the introduction of the latest numerical modeling techniques. Analysis and research of these issues can further improve the mass sophistication of fuel tanks in rocket and space technology and increase the overall reliability of space missions

A low-cost multiscale model with fiber/matrix interface for cryogenic composite storage tanks considering temperature effects based on self-consistent clustering analysis

Matrix (including interface) failure is a typical form of failure in the composite laminates for cryogenic storage tanks causing functionally useless of the structure. In this work, a low-cost multiscale model based on the Self-consistent Clustering Analysis (SCA) method is developed to predict the matrix failure process of the composite storage tanks. First, a reduced order model modeling method with fiber/matrix interfaces is proposed. Then, in conjunction with Progressive Failure Analysis (PFA), a reduced-order model is used to predict matrix failure and interface failure of the composites, mesh sensitivity analyses were carried out, and strength damage envelopes were obtained for unidirectional composites subjected to a combination of transverse stresses and in-plane shear. Compared with the prediction results of the Puck criterion, the errors in predicting damage strength for compressive-shear load and tensile-shear load do not exceed 10% and 30%, respectively. And finally, the thermal-mechanical load analysis of the composite storage tanks is carried out and the effect of homogenous temperature field and heterogenous temperature field on the load-bearing performance of the composite structure is analyzed. The method is proved to have good accuracy and to be very efficient. Its main feature is the ability to rapidly predict the stiffness and strength properties of composite structures under different environmental conditions, in agreement with experimental results, showing the potential to reduce the time and cost required for structural design.

Service load analysis and ply stacking optimization for composite tool of aerospace cryogenic tank

AbstractThe integrated manufacturing of aerospace composite cryogenic tanks is crucial for enhancing payload efficiency, reducing costs, and leading the aerospace industry upgrade. Composite segmented tool, which balances internal support and mold surface, must not only meet the requirements of disassembly and demolding but also ensure sufficient stiffness without deformation under loads like winding tension and curing shrinkage during tank formation. This article addresses the challenge faced by composite tool with uniformly thick ply stacking schemes, where the weight increases significantly with the rocket body diameter, rendering functions such as disassembly and demolding unfeasible. A global–local optimization approach aimed at achieving variable‐thickness ply stacking designs for composite tooling was proposed. Starting with a defined segmented tool design for the Φ3.35 m tank, models for calculating winding tension under complex service conditions and finite element models for curing shrinkage were established. Optimization of ply shapes, dimensions, and sequences using OptiStruct was conducted, which achieved a weight reduction of 34.48% while ensuring that deformations under loading met design standards. Subsequently, the engineering trials for the composite melon petal and wallboard corresponding to the Φ600 mm tank were conducted based on the optimized scheme. The maximum deformations for the two components were 0.43 mm and 0.15 mm, respectively, meeting the manufacturing requirements for engineering applications. The results provide a lightweight, high‐stiffness, and detachable tool design scheme for achieving the integrated manufacturing of extra‐large (Φ10 m) composite tanks.Highlights The external load was analyzed through theoretical and simulation approaches. The weight of composite tool was significantly reduced after optimization. The engineering prototypes of the segmented tools were achieved.

Assessing the safety and reliability of type-3 high-pressure composite tanks: a comprehensive analysis of failure metrics

Assessing the safety and reliability of type-3 high-pressure composite tanks: a comprehensive analysis of failure metrics

Phenotypic and genotypic assessment of iron acquisition in diverse bovine-associated non-aureus staphylococcal strains

Although the role of iron in bacterial infections has been well described for Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, iron acquisition in (bovine-associated) non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) remains insufficiently mapped. This study aimed at elucidating differences between four diverse bovine NASM field strains from two species, namely S. chromogenes and S. equorum, in regards to iron uptake (with ferritin and lactoferrin as an iron source) and siderophore production (staphyloferrin A and staphyloferrin B) by investigating the relationship between the genetic basis of iron acquisition through whole genome sequencing (WGS) with their observed phenotypic behavior. The four field strains were isolated in a previous study from composite cow milk (CCM) and bulk tank milk (BTM) in a Flemish dairy herd. Additionally, two well-studied S. chromogenes isolates originating from a persistent intramammary infection and from a teat apex were included for comparative purpose in all assays. Significant differences between species and strains were identified. In our phenotypical iron acquisition assay, while lactoferrin had no effect on growth recovery for all strains in iron deficient media, we found that ferritin served as an effective source for growth recovery in iron-deficient media for S. chromogenes CCM and BTM strains. This finding was further corroborated by analyzing potential ferritin iron acquisition genes using whole-genome sequencing data, which showed that all S. chromogenes strains contained hits for all three proposed ferritin reductive pathway genes. Furthermore, a qualitative assay indicated siderophore production by all strains, except for S. equorum. This lack of siderophore production in S. equorum was supported by a quantitative assay, which revealed significantly lower or negligible siderophore amounts compared to S. aureus and S. chromogenes. The WGS analysis showed that all tested strains, except for S. equorum, possessed complete staphyloferrin A (SA)-synthesis and export operons, which likely explains the phenotypic absence of siderophore production in S. equorum strains. While analyzing the staphyloferrin A and staphyloferrin B operon landscapes for all strains, we noticed some differences in the proteins responsible for iron acquisition between different species. However, within strains of the same species, the siderophore-related proteins remained conserved. Our findings contribute valuable insights into the genetic elements associated with bovine NASM pathogenesis.

Mechanical Behavior of Large Symmetric Fiber Reinforced Polymer-Reactive Powder Concrete Composite Tanks with Floating Tops

In order to investigate the mechanical behavior of FRP-reactive powder concrete composite tanks with floating tops (FRPCTs) subjected to gravity, twenty-two full-scale FRPCTs were designed with varying parameters for the inner diameter of the storage tank (D) and the thickness of the reactive powder concrete (tc). Based on nonlinear constitutive models and the contact of the materials, and considering tank–liquid coupling, three-dimensional finite element refined models of FRPCTs were established under gravity with ADINA8.5 finite element software, and finite element models of FRPCTs under gravity were verified based on theoretical frequency formulae and existing static tests. Then, the influence of the regularity of different parameters on the equivalent stress, hoop stress, radial stress, and axial stress of the FRPCTs was obtained, and the stress distributions of FRPCTs were clearly described. The results show that the natural frequency of FRPCTs increases gradually with an increase in the height of the tank liquid (Hw); however, the natural frequency of FRPCTs reduces with an increase in D. The equivalent stress, hoop stress, radial stress, and axial stress of the FRP plate and RPC decrease slowly with an increase in tc. The axial stress of the inner RPC increases with an increase in D. The equivalent stress of the inner FRP plate subjected to gravity is distributed in a W shape, the hoop stress, and the axial stress of the FRPCTs are distributed in a U shape, and the radial stress of the inner FRP plate is distributed in an I shape. The maximum displacement occurs in the middle of the FRPCTs, and the bonding between the FRP plate and the concrete is better. Finally, a calculation formula for the variation in the regularity of the tc is developed with different D, and design and construction suggestions for FRPCTs are given, which can provide technical support for the application of the FRPCTs in practical engineering.