Composite Scale Of Morningness Research Articles

The Impact of Morningness-Eveningness on Depression through a Serial Mediation Model of Resilience and Anxiety.

Resilience has been recently considered one of the possible mechanisms for the association between morningness-eveningness and depression. Meanwhile, anxiety is closely associated with mood disorder, but its association with morningness-eveningness is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the mediating effects of resilience and anxiety on morningness-eveningness and depression as the possible mechanisms. This study included patient group and nonpatient group. Patient group consists of 743 patients with mood disorders [Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), 233; Bipolar Disorder Ⅰ (BDⅠ), 113; Bipolar Disorder Ⅱ (BDⅡ), 397] whereas nonpatient group consists of 818 individuals without mood disorder. The Composite Scale of Morningness, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to evaluate morningness-eveningness, resilience, anxiety, and depression, respectively. Our model provided a good fit for the data. The association between morningness-eveningness and depression symptoms was partially serially mediated by resilience and anxiety in both the patient and nonpatient groups. The patient group exhibited significantly stronger morningness-eveningness toward resilience and anxiety than the nonpatient group. In the indirect effect of morningness-eveningness on depression, group differences exist only through each mediation of resilience and anxiety, not through serial mediation. Our results expand on the mechanism underlying the association between morningness-eveningness and depression. They highlight the importance of morningness-eveningness modification to increase resilience and the need to consider anxiety jointly in this process.

Associations between chronotype and physical activity and well-being in adults

ABSTRACT Circadian rhythms influence a preference for people’s time of activity and sleep time during the day and the hours of best performance. The aim of the study was to assess the associations between chronotype, physical activity, and well-being in adults aged 20–50. The chronotype, physical activity and well-being scores were determined based on the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Well-Being Index (WHO-5) questionnaire, respectively. Study data consisted of the answers of 213 respondents (including 64 men) who took part in an online survey. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient and the matrix scatter plots were used to check the correlations between the CSM score and quality of life parameters’ values. General linear models (GLMs) were performed to find differences in quality-of-life parameters between different combinations of sex and chronotype. Morning types showed the highest value of well-being score (mean = 13.48) while evening types the lowest one (mean = 8.35). Evening types spent the most time sitting compared to other chronotypes. Results of this study revealed the significant effect of chronotype on well-being and physical activity among adults. These findings suggest that chronotype is an important factor that psychologists and personal trainers should take into account.

Behavioural Parameters of Circadian Rhythm Are Not Correlated with Dim Light Melatonin Onset: An Observational Study on Healthy Volunteers.

Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) is considered the most reliable marker of the circadian rhythm phase in humans. DLMO may moderately correlate with sleep onset and sleep offset time. There are no sufficient data about the correlations between DLMO and clinical scales assessing sleep quality and daytime symptoms of poor night sleep. The aim of the study was to determine the association between DLMO and basic sleep parameters from actigraphy and sleep diaries, as well as the association between DLMO and the following insomnia clinical scales: the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and chronotype questionnaires: Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). Participants of the study were healthy volunteers. Sleep parameters were measured by sleep diaries and actigraphy, and the following clinical scales: the AIS, ISI, and ESS, and chronotype questionnaires: MEQ and CSM. DLMO was calculated based on plasma melatonin concentration. The blood samples were collected hourly at five time points between 20:00 and 00:00 during the session in dim red light (<50 lux). Melatonin concertation was determined by LC-MS/MS. Twenty-one volunteers participated in the study. DLMO was calculated in 12 participants. There was a significant correlation between DLMO and ISI (r = 0.60, p = 0.038) and ESS (r = 0.61, p = 0.034). The correlation coefficient between the DLMO and the AIS was also high, however insignificant (r = 0.57, p = 0.054). There were no significant correlations between DLMO and chronotype scales MEQ and CSM. DLMO did not correlate with sleep onset and sleep offset; however, DLMO correlated with the Sleep Fragmentation Index (SFI) (r = 0.67, p = 0.017). DLMO is associated with poorer sleep maintenance, a stronger feeling of insomnia, and sleepiness during the day. Simultaneously, chronotype pattern and circadian rhythm parameters do not correlate with DLMO. Biological circadian rhythm does not reflect the real-life sleep-wake rhythm, indicating that the lifestyle is more often disconnected from the biological clock.

Evidence for environment hypothesis: Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the composite scale of morningness across Bangladesh and Spain

ABSTRACT Morningness-eveningness reflects individual differences in circadian functioning and is related to health and well-being. Cross-cultural comparison could facilitate understanding of the environmental factors affecting morningness-eveningness, which requires establishing cross-cultural validity of the relevant assessment tools. In this study, we applied the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) to Bangladeshi (n = 1015; 37.9% women) and Spanish (n = 1054; 73.2% women) university students (aged 18–27 years) to evaluate alternative factorial models of the CSM and to test its measurement invariance across cultures. Moreover, this study tested environment hypothesis, suggesting that higher average temperatures and lower latitudes would be related to greater morningness. From nine competing factorial models, a bifactor model with two specific factors (morning preference and morning affect) showed the best fit for both cultures. The two-factor bifactor model had full metric invariance with partial scalar and strict invariance across cultures. The Bangladesh–Spain comparison of the CSM scores revealed higher morningness in Bangladeshi students which supports the environment hypothesis. Overall, this research confirms that morningness-eveningness construct is perceived and interpreted similarly by the Bangladeshi and Spanish students. Importantly, this study highlights the effects of environmental factors including latitude and temperature on morningness-eveningness, and thus facilitates further cross-cultural morningness-eveningness research.

The moderating and mediating effects of personality on the association between morningness and well-being.

Morningness (morning-eveningness preference or chronotypes) and personality can be both associated with well-being, but few studies have directly compared these two constructs as correlates of well-being. Thus, the first purpose of this study was to test the effects of interactions between stable personality traits (temperaments) and morningness on well-being. Furthermore, personality factors are often composed of both stable biological factors (temperament) and socio-cultural factors (character), and little is known about personality interplay of temperament and character factors with respect to morningness and well-being. The second purpose of this study was therefore to examine the sequential mediating effects of temperament and character factors on the relationship between morningness and well-being. The Composite Scale of Morningness, the Korean version of the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised Short Version (TCI-RS), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were used to measure morningness, personality dimensions, and well-being, respectively, in 287 Korean university students. Moderating and sequentially mediating effects of temperament and character traits were determined using Hayes' PROCESS macro in SPSS after controlling for sex and age. First, novelty-seeking (NS) and persistence (PS) temperaments have demonstrated the moderating effect in the association between morningness and well-being. The positive effects of morningness on life satisfaction increased with lower NS and PS, respectively. However, other temperaments such as harm avoidance (HA) and reward dependence (RD) have not shown the moderation in the relationship between morningness on well-being. Second, HA temperament and self-directedness (SD) character sequentially mediated the relationship between morningness and well-being. The combination of low scores of HA and high scores of SD have shown the positive effect on the relationship between morningness and well-being. This study demonstrated that both the interactions between temperaments and morningness, and combination of specific TCI-RS temperament and character traits play important roles in influencing the association between morningness and well-being. The significance of the mature SD character and its implications for well-being are discussed with limitation of the present study.

Circadian typologies and insomnia in individuals with internet gaming disorder comorbid with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

The alteration in circadian typology and insomnia were prevalent among both Individuals with IGD and those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most comorbid psychiatric disorder of IGD. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between circadian typologies, insomnia, and internet gaming disorder (IGD) and how ADHD affects this relationship. We recruited three groups of 69 young adults: an IGD group, a control group comprising age- and sex-matched nongamers, and a group of gamers without IGD through diagnostic interviews. The participants with IGD exhibited lower composite scale of morningness (CSM) scores and thus a higher eveningness preference In addition, the score of Pittsburgh insomnia rating scale—20-item version (PIRS_20) was significantly higher among those with IGD. The participants with IGD and ADHD exhibited lower CSM scores but higher PRIS_20 scores than the participants with IGD but without ADHD. The present findings indicate that participants with IGD exhibited a tendency of eveningness preference and experienced more severe insomnia. ADHD exacerbated the eveningness preference and insomnia of individuals with IGD. Close attention should be paid to sleep problems in individuals with IGD, particularly to those with ADHD.

Gender peculiarities of blood pressure changes in patients with arterial hypertension and different biorhythms

Background. It is known that the risk of cardiovascular diseases, especially in conditions of increased rhythm of life, psycho-emotional stress, social cataclysms, is associated with various biorhythms, therefore, the study of the influence of various factors on the course of hypertension, taking into account the patient's chronotype, remains relevant. Aim of the study was to analyze the level of blood pressure in patients with arterial hypertension with different chronotypes of the female and male genders. Materials &amp; Methods. The study included 42 patients with diagnosed essential arterial hypertension who were receiving inpatient treatment. The inclusion criterion was patients with arterial hypertension of the 2nd degree. Measurements of Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (mmHg) were performed using the Korotkoff method. To study the chronotype, we used the validated questionnaire "Composite Scale of Morningness" and scales from official available sources. Results &amp; Conclusions. Arterial hypertension was diagnosed in 33.33% of patients with the evening chronotype, 7.17% with the morning chronotype, and 59.53% with the intermediate chronotype. Taking into account gender, female patients with evening and morning chronotypes and male patients with an intermediate chronotype predominated. Patients with evening chronotype compared to patients with intermediate and morning chronotypes had significantly higher Body Mass Index (BMI) (by 62.69% and 40.33%), disease duration (by 42.68% and 6.23%) and SBP (by 8.21% and 12.21%), respectively. At the same time, BMI in patients with arterial hypertension with an evening chronotype was as close as possible to obesity. The obtained results can be used in the practical work of nurses for the prevention of arterial hypertension by adjusting the duration of sleep and wakefulness and the diet. Keywords: chronotype, gender, age, body mass index, relationships.

Chronotype and the Big-Five personality traits as predictors of chronic fatigue among patients with sarcoidosis. A cross-sectional study.

Sarcoidosis may seriously hamper patients' quality of life despite fairly good prognosis. To assess the relationship between the Big Five personality traits, chronotype and severity of fatigue symptoms, in the context of selected clinical variables and general mental health among patients with sarcoidosis. The study group comprised 60 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of sarcoidosis. They were asked to share relevant clinical data and complete a set of questionnaires: Fatigue Asessment Scale (FAS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), the NEO Five Factor Inventory and Composite Scale of Morningness. In linear regression analysis, FAS score was predicted by female sex, active sarcoidosis status, Morning Affect and Conscientiousness. In principal component analysis, FAS score and all GHQ-28 subscale scores (somatic symptoms, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction and depressive symptoms) formed a single component explaining 60% of variance. The factor loading for each variable exceeded 0.6. The psychological burden appeared to rise with the severity of the fatigue, regardless the inactive/active phase of sarcoidosis. The severity of fatigue may be linked to patient's poor morning affect. The profile of psychological burden presented by the patients may be associated with their personality and clinical presentation of sarcoidosis.

Exploring relationships between sleep-wake patterns, wellness, burnout, self-efficacy, and academic performance in medical students

Purpose: Morningness and eveningness are terms related to an individual’s sleep-wake pattern. Individuals with a morningness chronotype tend to wake up earlier, are more productive in the daytime, and go to bed earlier while individuals with an eveningness chronotype tend to wake up later, are more productive in the evening hours, and go to sleep later in the night. The purpose of this study was to see if medical students’ sleep-wake patterns correlated to their wellbeing and academic performance. We hypothesized that individuals with morningness chronotypes would report better wellbeing and higher GPAs than individuals with an eveningness chronotype. Another objective of the study was to determine if there were any differences between preclinical (M1) and clinical medical students (M3) in chronotype, levels of burnout, wellness, self-efficacy, and academic performance. We hypothesized that M3 students would have an increased preference for morningness and better overall wellness and academic outcomes compared to the M1 students.[JK1] Methods: Data were collected using an anonymous online survey. The M1 students were administered a 51-question survey in May of their first year while M3 students were administered a 62-question survey in May of their third year consisting of question subsets from multiple validated surveys. Chronotype was determined using the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) survey. Wellness metrics were measured using the CDC Healthy Days Measure, School Burnout Inventory, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). M1 students completed a self-efficacy instrument about academic work and M3 students completed items about self-efficacy for clinical work. Academic performance was measured using cumulative GPA for M1 students and third year GPA for M3 students. The study was exempted by the UCF IRB. Data: Forty M1 students and 25 M3 students completed the survey, totaling 65 total participants. There was no statistically significant difference between M1 and M3 regarding morningness or eveningness chronotypes, allowing us to combine M1 and M3 data to run correlations of chronotype with wellness and academic metrics for all students. Morningness was associated with an increased number of healthy days (p=0.041, R2= 0.254) and a decreased amount of daytime sleepiness (p=0.017, R2= -0.296). Eveningness was correlated with a lower overall GPA (p=0.044, R2=-0.250). The other correlations did not demonstrate any association between chronotypes and the wellness/academic metrics. Conclusion: Morningness chronotypes were associated with an increase in health-related quality of life and a decrease in excessive sleepiness, while eveningness chronotypes were associated with lower GPAs, indicating that morningness may improve certain wellness and academic metrics. No significant associations between chronotypes and burnout or self-efficacy were found. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Association of the metabolic syndrome components with the chronotype, level of daytime sleepiness and dispositional optimism in patients with arterial hypertension

Introduction: Arterial hypertension (AH) coexists with such conditions as obesity, insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia, that is, interrelated metabolic disorders that characterize the metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of the study was to establish relationships between components of MS and chronotype, level of daytime sleepiness, and dispositional optimism in patients with AH. Methods: The study included 42 patients diagnosed with stage 2 essential AH. To study the chronotype, we used the validated questionnaire “Composite Scale of Morningness” and scales from official available sources. Dispositional optimism (LOT-R) was assessed using a questionnaire adapted from O.A. Sychova. Epworth scale was used to assess the severity day sleepiness. Laboratory parameters were determined using commercially available kits. Results: The main components of the MS are found in more than half of the patients with AH, of which 61.90% have abdominal obesity, 42.86% have hypertriacylglycerolemia, 26.19% have hyperglycemia, and 66.67% have a decrease in HDL-C levels. Patients with AH with diagnosed components of MS have an evening chronotype, daytime sleepiness, and low optimism is diagnosed to the same extent as patients without MS. At the same time, evening (53.85%) and intermediate (38.46%) chronotypes are found in patients with abdominal obesity, and the frequency of daytime sleepiness registration, and a low level of optimism does not depend on the presence of abdominal obesity; patients with dyslipidemia are characterized by low optimism, evening and intermediate chronotypes, and severe daytime sleepiness; and a glucose level ≥5.6 mmol/l is registered in most patients with an evening chronotype. Conclusion: The research conducted showed significant relationships between abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and evening chronotype, daytime sleepiness, and low optimism in patients with AH.

A new approach to chronotype measurement - the Polish version of the Single Item Chronotyping (SIC) tool

ABSTRACT The aim of the study is to validate the Polish version of the Single Item Chronotyping (SIC) tool, and thus confirm the relevance of Putilov’s six chronotypes. The SIC was used as an instrument intended to identify patterns of changes in alertness occurring throughout the day. The external validity of the SIC was confirmed by comparison to the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) scores, midsleep time on working days, midsleep time on free days and social jetlag. The sample consisted of 436 adult participants, with a mean age of 24.98 ± 8.41 (range 18 to 63). In a study sample, each SIC type was represented by at least 10% of participants. Differences were noted between SIC groups in a Composite Scale of Morningness. The relevance of Putlov’s chronotypology was confirmed for the Polish population. It may be possible to effectively measure chronotype with this single-item tool.

Relationship between chronotypes, personality traits, and phubbing levels in university students

ABSTRACT Excessive or abusive use of smartphones, which is related to personality traits, has led to the emergence of phubbing, which is becoming a very widespread problem. Excessive use of smartphones also affects sleep patterns. In this context, the concept of chronotype, which is closely related to sleep, becomes prominent. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the relationship between chronotypes, personality traits, and phubbing levels of students studying in the field of health. 732 students participated in the study, which was planned using a correlational research design. Data were collected using a demographic form, the phubbing scale, the big five personality traits scale, and the composite scale of morningness (CSM). Descriptive statistical analyses, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. As a result, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Morningness/Eveningness were significant predictors of phubbing. Other variables, on the other hand, were not found to be significant predictors of phubbing. Among the student participants in the study the phubbing level was high for those who were evening- and neither chronotype, who were not agreeable and conscientious, and who had neurotic personality traits.

Sleep, chronotype, and quality of life of shift duty workers in tertiary care center of Saurashtra

Background: Insomnia in shift work has been associated with impairment in health and social life and poor quality of life among shift workers. Aims and Objective: The study aimed to assess insomnia, chronotype, and quality of life in nursing shift duty workers and to find an association among insomnia, chronotype, and quality of life in nursing shift duty workers of a tertiary care center in Saurashtra. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 300 nursing shift duty workers. Consented participants with at least one-night duty per week were included in our study. A semistructured proforma containing basic demographic details and scales such as ‘Insomnia Severity Index’ (ISI), ‘Composite Scale of Morningness,’ and ‘world health organization quality of life’ were distributed among all participants. Associations were examined by using t test and Chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of insomnia was 42.66% in this study. A total of 27.33% of participants were having mild insomnia, whereas 15.33% were having moderate-to-severe insomnia. Insomnia severity was statistically significantly associated with needle stick injury (p = 0.003) and years of shift work (0.031). Insomnia severity had been significantly associated with the chronotype of participants, negative but statistically significant correlation was found between the ISI score and mean score of all four domains of world health organization quality of life. Conclusion: Insomnia in shift work has been associated with evening chronotype and poorer quality of life of shift workers. Therefore, the management of insomnia is important for a better quality of life for shift workers. Participants with insomnia are more prone to needle stick injury during work.

Chronotype in bipolar disorder: Differences in sleep quality, social jet lag, physical activity, and diet

Introduction. People with bipolar disorder are at a higher risk of metabolic morbidity and mortality. Chronotype may play a significant role due to its effect on sleep quality, eating patterns, and physical activity. Objective. To compare sleep quality, social jetlag, physical activity, and diet, depending on the chronotype of people with bipolar disorder, and to determine the association between these variables. Method. Cross-sectional, comparative, correlational study. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of subjects were assessed. Chronotype was determined using the Composite Scale of Morningness while sleep quality was evaluated through the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Social jet lag was calculated through the absolute difference between the midpoint of sleep on weekends and workdays. Physical activity was measured through the Bouchard Activity Record and diet was evaluated through a food frequency questionnaire. Comparative analyses were performed between chronotype categories and the association between variables was measured. Results. 116 subjects were included. Subjects with evening chronotype reported poorer sleep quality than those with morning chronotype. Eveningness was associated with lower sleep quality scores and more hours of sleep on workdays, as well as with higher consumption of cold meats, calories, and sodium. Trends indicate greater social jet lag and low physical activity levels among evening chronotypes. Discussion and conclusion. The effects of chronotype on study variables require further research to clarify this complex relationship and develop educational strategies to promote sleep hygiene, physical activity, and a healthy diet.

No Association Between NPAS2 rs6425296 Polymorphism and Seasonality, Diurnal Preference in Koreans

Objective: Seasonal variations in mood and behavior and diurnal preference are associated with several genes that regulate circadian rhythms. In this study, we investigated the association of the &lt;i&gt;NPAS2&lt;/i&gt; rs6725296 polymorphism with seasonality and diurnal preference.Methods: A total of 510 healthy subjects were genotyped for the &lt;i&gt;NPAS2&lt;/i&gt; rs6725296 polymorphism and completed self-report questionnaires on seasonality and diurnal preferences. Seasonality was evaluated using the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire, and diurnal preference was evaluated using the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). We assessed the association of genotype and allele carrier status with the total and subscale scores of global seasonality scores (GSS) for seasonality and the total and subscale scores of CSM for diurnal preference.Results: No significant associations were found between the &lt;i&gt;NPAS2&lt;/i&gt; rs6725296 genotype and the allele carrier status and the GSS and CSM scores.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the &lt;i&gt;NPAS2&lt;/i&gt; rs6725296 polymorphism may not contribute to seasonality and diurnal preference in healthy Koreans. More studies with a larger number of subjects, inclusion of different ethnic groups, and complementation with objective measurements of seasonality and diurnal preference are necessary to evaluate the influence of genetics on seasonality and diurnal preference.

Analyzing social perception of chronotypes within the stereotype content model

ABSTRACT In the present article, we attempted to analyze the social perceptions of morning and evening chronotypes using the framework of the stereotype content model which posits that all social impressions and group stereotypes form along two basic dimensions: warmth and competence. The participants (N = 1277; 53% women) completed the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) and a questionnaire measuring beliefs about social perceptions of Morning-types and Evening-types. Bottom 10%, middle 20% and top 10% of the CSM distribution (N = 501 individuals) were selected as representatives of ‘pure’ chronotypes: evening (‘E-types’), intermediate (‘N-types’) and morning (‘M-types’). In the entire sample, M-types were perceived as markedly more competent and marginally warmer than E-types. When we took into account the perceivers’ own chronotypes, only the perceptions reported by N-types were consistent with that pattern. M-type perceivers displayed analogic albeit markedly stronger positive views of their ingroups, whereas E-types believed that individuals sharing their diurnal preference are equally competent but more warm compared to M-types. It seems that social perceptions of chronotypes emerge as a composition of two effects: the socially shared stereotype (emphasizing high competence of M-types) and ingroup-serving biases, resulting in viewing people sharing the perceiver’s own chronotype in a more favorable way.

The Association Between Morningness-Eveningness Preference, Depression, Anxiety and Insomnia Among Chinese Textile Workers With or Without Shift Work.

ObjectiveCircadian preference and mental health disorders are closely related to insomnia. This study aimed to evaluate insomnia symptoms in textile factory workers with different work schedules, and to investigate the association between insomnia, morningness–eveningness preference, anxiety, and depression.MethodsA total of 3,883 textile workers were assessed using the 3-items of Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Composite Scale of Morningness, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, and socio-demographic questionnaires.ResultsThe prevalence rate of insomnia in textile workers was 16.7% (N = 646), with 49.8% (N = 322) were shift workers. Among shift workers (N = 1,833), 9.5% had difficulty initiating sleep, and almost 9.0% suffered from early morning awakening, a rate significantly higher than among daytime workers. Logistics regressions revealed that work schedule was insignificantly associated with insomnia. Depression (OR = 1.034, 95% CI = 1.022–1.046) and anxiety (OR = 1.031, 95% CI = 1.018–1.043) positively predicted insomnia, whereas morningness preference (OR = 0.977, 95% CI = 0.960–0.995) decreased the likelihood of insomnia. Furthermore, mediation analysis showed that both anxiety and depression independently mediated the association between circadian preferences and insomnia in textile workers with or without shift work.ConclusionThis study highlighted the insomnia, depression, and anxiety of textile factory workers in a Chinese textile factory. To improve insomnia symptoms, interventions to promote morningness circadian preference and reduce depressive and anxious symptoms among workers are encouraged.

Burnout and engagement in university students: relationships with morningness-eveningness preferences, average sleep length and social jetlag

ABSTRACT Academic burnout and engagement are critical factors in student success, school attendance and dropout. It is important to determine the variables associated with burnout and engagement to develop university students and their competencies. Therefore, the current study aims to elucidate the association of morningness-eveningness preferences, average sleep length (ASL) and social jetlag (SJL) with burnout and engagement in university students. The sample was composed of 270 university students. The composite scale of morningness (CSM), the Maslach burnout inventory-student scale, student engagement scale and a questionnaire were utilized. CSM total score was found to correlate with both burnout and engagement sub-domains significantly. In addition, CSM total score was a significant predictor in all burnout and engagement models. ASL was a significant predictor of exhaustion and cynicism while SJL was significant predictor of efficacy. Both ASL and SJL were significant predictors of silent in-class behaviours sub-domain of engagement. In sum, CSM total score was found to be the most significant predictor of both burnout and engagement compared to other study variables. Considering the relationships of CSM total score with burnout and engagement sub-dimensions, eveningness can be treated as an important risk factor for burnout and engagement in the context of university students.

Color Preferences for Morning and Evening Chronotypes

The presented paper deals with the symbolism of colors, i.e., color associations. The aim of the paper is to verify the correlation of colors and their symbolism. The combination of color and its meaning was based on the existence of a physiological variable, namely the psychophysiological state. The diurnal preference of individuals was used for this purpose, which divided the subjects according to the chronotype into morning and evening groups. From this starting point, the color preferences of the examined people were monitored in the final phase by means of a color evaluation test. The theoretical part of the paper provides a theoretical framework and starting points for research. The research part describes in detail the research process, especially the methods used. The research itself was attended by 720 people aged 20–40 years. As research methods were used: the Composite scale of morningness, Bourdon's performance test, the Subjective scale of activation, and the Color evaluation test. The respondents had the task of associating colors with their current psychophysiological state. The established hypotheses were mostly confirmed. From a broader point of view, we have come to the conclusion that people attribute certain properties to individual colors, so there is psychic content belonging to individual colors. The colors expressing activity included yellow, orange, and red, and respondents from the group of evening chronotypes also included blue. Calm colors include blue, green, and gray. The most indifferent color was purple. The obtained results were statistically significant. There were also relatively strong correlations in the evaluation of colors due to the psychological focus of the research. Other stimuli for research were also found in the research. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-04-010 Full Text: PDF

Associations between circadian misalignment and telomere length in BD: an actigraphy study

BackgroundLife expectancy is significantly decreased in bipolar disorder (BD). This is associated with accelerated cellular aging which can be estimated by telomere length (TL). However, specific determinants of shorter TL in BD are under-explored. This study examines whether circadian misalignment (i.e. mismatch between preferred and actual phase of circadian activity rhythms) is associated with shorter TL in BD.MethodsEuthymic individuals with BD (n = 101) undertook 21 consecutive days of actigraphy recording and completed the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) to assess phase preference for activities (chronotype). Polymerase chain reaction was used to measure TL in blood. Cluster analysis identified circadian aligned/misaligned subgroups as defined by preferred (CSM score) and actual phases of activity (actigraphically determined onset of active and inactive periods). We tested for any associations between TL and clusters, with adjustments for between-cluster differences in socio-demographic and illness factors.ResultsWe identified three clusters: an "Aligned Morning" cluster (n = 31) with preferred and actual timing of activity in the morning, an "Aligned Evening" cluster (n = 37) with preferred and actual timing of activity in the evening and a "Misaligned" cluster (n = 32) with an evening chronotype, but an earlier objective onset of active periods. After adjustment for confounders, we found that TL was significantly associated with circadian misalignment and older age.ConclusionsCircadian misalignment may partly explain shorter TL in BD and could contribute to accelerated aging in these individuals.