System Of Composite Particles Research Articles

Comparison between the Astaxanthin Release Profile of Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles (MBGNs) and Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/MBGN Composite Microspheres.

In recent years, composite biomaterials have attracted attention for drug delivery applications due to the possibility of combining desired properties of their components. However, some functional characteristics, such as their drug release efficiency and likely side effects, are still unexplored. In this regard, controlled tuning of the drug release kinetic via the precise design of a composite particle system is still of high importance for many biomedical applications. This objective can be properly fulfilled through the combination of different biomaterials with unequal release rates, such as mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGN) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microspheres. In this work, MBGNs and PHBV-MBGN microspheres, both loaded with Astaxanthin (ASX), were synthesised and compared in terms of ASX release kinetic, ASX entrapment efficiency, and cell viability. Moreover, the correlation of the release kinetic to phytotherapeutic efficiency and side effects was established. Interestingly, there were significant differences between the ASX release kinetic of the developed systems, and cell viability differed accordingly after 72 h. Both particle carriers effectively delivered ASX, though the composite microspheres exhibited a more prolonged release profile with sustained cytocompatibility. The release behaviour could be fine-tuned by adjusting the MBGN content in the composite particles. Comparatively, the composite particles induced a different release effect, implying their potential for sustained drug delivery applications.

Progress in the study of electrorheological polishing: A review

Electrorheological polishing (ERP) is an important field-assisted polishing method, which can reduce abrasive loss and improve machining efficiency by using the electric field-induced electrorheological (ER) effect to help the abrasive to overcome the centrifugal force caused by high rotating speed during polishing. ERP has many advantages, including high efficiency, high precision, facile polishing for a small object, and a good application prospect in polishing optical devices and hard molds. This review describes the research progress in ERP in the past two decades. The mechanism of electrorheological polishing is analyzed from two aspects of electrorheological effect and dielectrophoresis. According to the time sequence of electrorheological polishing development, two kinds of ERP materials including the simple mixing system and composite particle system are introduced. ERP electrodes including off-axis bipolar electrode, needle-ring electrode, needle-like single electrode, one-sided patterned electrode, and one-sided simple composite electrode are described. From the two characterization quantities of removal rate and surface quality, the industrial factors affecting the ERP effect are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of ERP and other polishing processes are compared. Finally, the remaining challenges and possible development trends in ERP technology for the future outlook are proposed.

Hybrid modeling of quasi-particles: Algebra, Fock space and condensation

In this study, we first introduce a new quasi-particle algebra, which enables us to effectively describe a unified framework for both bosons and fermions. We then study general thermodynamical and statistical properties of a hybrid-type gas model of these quasi-particles. In this context, we specifically focus on the conditions under which the hybrid-type quasi-particle gas condensation would occur in the present model. The results obtained in this work reveal that the present gas model of quasi-particles can be used to approximate non-linear behavior observed in composite particle systems such as in studies on the phenomenon of high-Tc superconductivity in a given material.

Real Gentile Statistical Systems: N-Annulenes.

Gentile statistics, which is famous for its advantages in dealing with composite particle systems, is a kind of fractional statistics. Lately, researchers are concentrating on finding real systems that obey Gentile statistics. Five years ago, we discovered that the cyclic hydrocarbon polyenes called N-annulenes in the Hückel model had certain correspondence with Gentile oscillators. According to their rotation and dihedral symmetry, these two systems had the same energy levels and partition functions. In this paper, we give further discussions. We discuss the transformations of wave functions between N-annulenes and Gentile oscillators, the creation and annihilation operators in site pictures of N-annulenes, the coherent state, and the mathematical proofs of the intermediate commutation relations of operators. All of our works prove that N-annulenes in the Hückel model are real Gentile statistical systems and offer a new algebraic method to deal with the problems of electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions.

Anyonic behavior of an intermediate-statistics fermion gas model.

We study the high-temperature behavior of an intermediate-statistics fermionic gas model whose quantum statistical properties enable us to effectively deduce the details about both the interaction among deformed (quasi)particles and their anyonic behavior. Starting with a deformed fermionic grand partition function, we calculate, in the thermodynamical limit, several thermostatistical functions of the model such as the internal energy and the entropy by means of a formalism of the fermionic q calculus. For high temperatures, a virial expansion of the equation of state for the system is obtained in two and three dimensions and the first five virial coefficients are derived in terms of the model deformation parameter q. From the results obtained by the effect of fermionic deformation, it is found that the model parameter q interpolates completely between bosonlike and fermionic systems via the behaviors of the third and fifth virial coefficients in both two and three spatial dimensions and in addition it characterizes effectively the interaction among quasifermions. Our results reveal that the present deformed (quasi)fermion model could be very efficient and effective in accounting for the nonlinear behaviors in interacting composite particle systems.

Multiparticle systems inκ-Poincaré inspired by(2+1)Dgravity

Inspired by a Chern-Simons description of 2+1D gravity coupled to point particles we propose a new Lagrangian of a multiparticle system living in $\kappa$-Minkowski/$\kappa$-Poincar\'e spacetime. We derive the dynamics of interacting particles with $\kappa$-momentum space, alternative to the one proposed in the "principle of relative locality" literature. The model that we obtain takes into account of the nonlocal topological interactions between the particles, so that the effective multi-particle action is not a sum of their free actions. In this construction the locality of particle processes is naturally implemented, even for distant observers. In particular a particle process is characterized by a local deformed energy-momentum conservation law. The spacetime transformations are generated by total charges/generators for the composite particle system, and leave unaffected the locality of individual particle processes.

Composite-particle hydrodynamics from dyonic black branes

We construct effective hydrodynamics for composite particles in (2+1) dimensions carrying a magnetic flux by employing a holographic approach. The hydrodynamics is obtained by perturbation of the dyonic black brane solutions in the derivative expansion. We introduce a consistent way to avoid mixing of different orders in the expansion. Thanks to this method, it is possible to take the strong external magnetic field limit in the dual field theory. To compare our result with those for a composite particle system, we study several cases that correspond to special solutions of Einstein’s equation and Maxwell’s equations.

High temperature thermostatistics of fermionic Fibonacci oscillators with intermediate statistics

In this study, we pursue an original idea about whether unique deformed particle algebra could effectively describe a set of crucial quantum properties including the non-standard statistics of particles, the internal structure of particles, and the interaction of particles. Following such an idea, we consider a specific Fermi gas model containing the two-parameter deformed fermionic particles called fermionic Fibonacci oscillators. For such a system, several thermostatistical functions such as the total number of particles, the internal energy, and the entropy are calculated in the thermodynamical limit by means of some properties of the Fibonacci calculus. A virial expansion of the equation of state for the system is also obtained, and the first five virial coefficients are derived in terms of the real independent deformation parameters q and p. From the results obtained here, it is first found that for two and three spatial dimensions, the present deformed Fermi gas model shows an interpolation between fermionic and boson-like systems, and secondly, it is concluded that the two-parameter deformation of fermions leads to a suitable framework for an effective description of interacting composite particle systems.

Investigations on the magnetization behavior of magnetic composite particles

In life sciences the application of surface functionalized magnetic composite particles is establishing in diagnostics and in downstream processing of modern biotechnology. These magnetic composite particles consist of non-magnetic material, e.g. polystyrene, which serves as a matrix for the second magnetic component, usually colloidal magnetite. Because of the multitude of magnetic cores these magnetic beads show a complex magnetization behavior which cannot be described with the available approaches for homogeneous magnetic material. Therefore, in this work a new model for the magnetization behavior of magnetic composite particles is developed. By introducing an effective magnetization and considering an overall demagnetization factor the deviation of the demagnetization of homogeneously magnetized particles is taken into account. Calculated and experimental results show a good agreement which allows for the verification of the adapted model of particle magnetization. Besides, a newly developed magnetic analyzing centrifuge is used for the characterization of magnetic composite particle systems. The experimental results, also used for the model verification, give both, information about the magnetic properties and the interaction behavior of particle systems. By adding further components to the particle solution, such as salts or proteins, industrial relevant systems can be reconstructed. The analyzing tool can be used to adapt industrial processes without time-consuming preliminary tests with large samples in the process equipments.

Quantum mechanical tunneling of composite particle systems: Linkage to sub-barrier nuclear reactions

A variety of physical phenomena have at their foundation the quantum tunneling of particles through potential barriers. Many of these phenomena can be associated with the tunneling of single inert particles. The tunneling of composite systems is more complex than for single particles due to the coupling of the tunneling coordinate with the internal degrees of freedom of the tunneling system. Reported here are the results of a study for the tunneling of a two-component projectile incident on a potential energy system which differs for the two components. A specific linkage is made to sub-Coulomb nuclear reactions.

A Canonical Ensemble Approach to the Fermion/Boson Random Point Processes and Its Applications

We introduce the boson and the fermion point processes from the elementary quantum mechanical point of view. That is, we consider quantum statistical mechanics of canonical ensemble for a fixed number of particles which obey Bose-Einstein, Fermi-Dirac statistics, respectively, in a finite volume. Focusing on the distribution of positions of the particles, we have point processes of the fixed number of points in a bounded domain. By taking the thermodynamic limit such that the particle density converges to a finite value, the boson/fermion processes are obtained. This argument is a realization of the equivalence of ensembles, since resulting processes are considered to describe a grand canonical ensemble of points. Random point processes corresponding to para-particles of order two are discussed as an application of the formulation. A statistics of a system of composite particles at zero temperature are also considered as a model of determinantal random point processes.

Plane Waves Propagating in Gases Composed of Composite Particles

The quantum discrete kinetic equations are solved to study the propagation of plane waves in a system of composite particles with hard-sphere interactions and the filling factor (ν) being 1/2. We compare the dispersion relations thus obtained by the relevant Pauli-blocking parameter B which describes the different-statistics particles for the quantum analog of the discrete Boltzmann system when B is positive (Bose gases), zero (Boltzmann gases), and negative (Fermi Gases). We found, as the effective magnetic field being zero (ν = 1/2 using the composite fermion formulation), the electric field effect will induce anomalous dispersion relations.

Acoustic waves propagating in composite-particle gases under uniform gravitational fields

The quantum discrete kinetic equations are solved to study the propagation of plane waves in a system of composite particles under the magnetic field which is subjected to the Beltrami field condition and particles being also under uniform external gravitational field. We compare the dispersion relations thus obtained by the relevant Pauli-blocking factor $\ensuremath{\theta}$ which describes the different-statistics particles for the quantum analog of the discrete Boltzmann system when $\ensuremath{\theta}$ is positive (say, $\ensuremath{\theta}=1$ for Bose gases), zero (Boltzmann gases), and negative ($\ensuremath{\theta}=\ensuremath{-}1$ for Fermi Gases). We found, as the effect of magnetic field being zero (using the Beltrami field condition), the gravitational field effect will induce anomalous dispersion relations (e.g., negative sound speed).

Some unusual algebraic structures and their applications in many-body problems

In this paper, we introduce the q-deformed and quon algebras formalism. Some applications of these algebraic structures are considered. A possible connection of the quon algebra with composite particle systems is discussed and perspectives on using such mathematical objects in the Bose-Einstein condensation is presented.

Coulomb Effect on Inelastic Scattering of Proton on Deformed Nuclei at High Energies

In this paper, by using the collective coordinate of A. Bohr and phenomenological deformed optical potential and Coulomb interaction, the scattering amplitude of two composite particle systems can be obtained. The differential cross sections for the and and are calculated. The results show that the Coulomb effect is quite important.

Coulomb interaction dependence in high-energy inelastic proton deformation nucleus scattering

In this paper, by using the collective coordinate of Bohr and phenomenological deformed optial potential and Coulomb interaction, the scattering amplitude of two composite-particle systems can be obtained. The differential cross-section for the 0+, 2+, 4+ and 6+,P(0.8 GeV)+154Sm andP(0.8 GeV)+176Yb are calculated. The results showing the effect of Coulomb are quite important.

Inelastic two-composite-particle system scattering theory at high energy

In this paper, the methods of nucleons outside the closed shell (NOCS) and nucleons inside the closed shell (NICS) is introduced into the composite-particle systems, and Glauber’s multiple scattering theory is used to divide the multiple scattering amplitude (between two composite particle systems) into NOCS–NOCS, NOCS–NICS, NICS–NOCS, and NICS–NICS scattering amplitudes. In order to apply these concepts to our research, an effective approximate method is used for each scattering amplitude. For example, an independent particle model approximation has been used for the NOCS–NOCS scattering amplitude. As for the NICS–NICS and NICS–NOCS scattering amplitudes, the geometrical model and Bohr’s collective model are adopted, respectively. It can be shown that the high-energy scattering S matrix elements for composite-particle systems present a clear physical picture and render convenience to calculation.

Inelastic proton-deformed nucleus scattering at high energy

In this paper, by using the collective coordinate of Bohr and phenomenological deformed optical potentials, the scattering amplitudes of two composite-particle systems can be obtained. And the collective excitation for two composite-particle systems in the scattering process is discussed.

Screening in a System of Many Particles Composed of Two Charged Fermions Application to Excitons

AbstractA many‐particle system of composite particles consisting of two different fermions each and interacting by the Coulomb potential is considered. For the case that the composites are present in bound states only the constituent self‐energy is calculated to linear order in the densitytaking all symmetries of the many‐body wavefunctions into account. The correlational part (screening part) of the selfenergy is calculated in the Born collision approximation. Numerical values for the shift of the continuum‐edge of the spectrum of excitons in GaAs are presented.

The Composite Particle Representation Theory (II) the Composite Particle Approximation

Based on the composite particle representation presented in the last paper (I), a method of solving the many-body problem known as the composite particle approximation is proposed. It is shown that a many-body system can be simplified to a composite particle system (plus one or more uncorrelated basic particles if any existed) if the following conditions are satisfied: 1) the binding energies of the composite particles are much larger than the excitation energies of the system; 2) there is domination of the collective mode for the composite particles. The interactions between the composite particles, as well as the interactions between composite particles and the basic particles can be evaluated from the original particle-particle interactions. Applications of this theory are indicated.