States Of Composite Particles Research Articles

Interaction-induced two-photon edge states in an extended Hubbard model realized in a cavity array

We study theoretically two-photon states in a periodic array of coupled cavities with both on-site and nonlocal Kerr-type nonlinearities. In the absence of nonlinearity the structure is topologically trivial and possesses no edge states. The interplay of two nonlinear interaction mechanisms described by the extended Hubbard model facilitates formation of edge states of bound photon pairs. Numerical and exact analytical results for the two-photon wave functions are presented. Our findings thus shed light onto the edge states of composite particles and their localization properties.

VORTEX DESCRIPTION OF QUANTUM HALL FERROMAGNETS

We study particle states of quantum Hall ferromagnet from the viewpoint of the incompressible fluid description. It is shown that phase space of Chern–Simons matrix theory which is an effective theory for the incompressible fluid is equivalent to moduli space of vortex theory. According to this correspondence, elementary excitations in vortex theory are identified as particle states in quantum Hall ferromagnet, and thus we propose that a pure electron state is absent from the strong coupling region but only a composite particle state is present.

Composite particles in quantum wells

Bound states of composite particles in single and double quantum wells are studied. The spectrum and polarizability of an indirect trion and an indirect D− center (a negatively charged donor) in crossed electric and magnetic fields are found. Bound dielectron states in a single quantum well are studied. The possibility of observing a dielectron experimentally by the magnetic-dipole absorption of electromagnetic waves is pointed out.

Bound states of composite particles and the GSI lines

We calculate the correlated wave functions and the energy eigenvalues of a charged fermion-antifermion pair bound in the Coulomb field of a heavy nucleus, assuming a confining potential between the fermions. This model is motivated by properties of the coincident electron-positron lines observed at GSI. We confirm the results of earlier calculations which were based on simplifying assumptions. In addition we find new, very weakly bound states which, however, do not have the decay properties required to explain the experiments.

Effective Interactions of Relativistic Composite Particles in Unified Nonlinear Spinor-Field Models. III

Unified nonlinear spinor field models are selfregularizing quantum field theories in which all observable (elementary and non-elementary) particles are assumed to be bound states of fermionic preon fields. Due to their large masses the preons themselves are confined. In preceding papers a functional energy representation, the statistical interpretation and the dynamic equations were derived. In this paper the dynamics of composite particles is discussed. The composite particles are defined to be eigensolutions of the diagonal part of the energy representation. Corresponding calculations are in preparation, but in the present paper a suitable composite particle spectrum is assumed. It consists of preon-antipreon boson states and threepreon- fermion states with corresponding antifermions and contains bound states as well as preon scattering states. The state functional is expanded in terms of these composite particle states with inclusion of preon scattering states. The transformation of the functional energy representation of the spinor field into composite particle functional operators produces a hierarchy of effective interactions at the composite particle level, the leading terms of which are identical with the functional energy representation of a phenomenological boson-fermion coupling theory. This representation is valid as long as the processes are assumed to be below the energetic threshold for preon production or preon break-up reactions, respectively. From this it can be concluded that below the threshold the effective interactions of composite particles in a unified spinor field model lead to phenomenological coupling theories which depend in their properties on the bound state spectrum of the self-regularizing spinor theory.

Effective Interactions of Relativisic Composite Particles in Unified Nonlinear Spinor-Field Models. II

Unified nonlinear spinor field models are selfregularizing quantum field theories in which all observable (elementary and non-elementary) particles are assumed to be bound states of fermionic preon fields. Due to their large masses the preons themselves are confined. In preceding papers a functional energy representation, the statistical interpretation and the dynamical equations were derived. In this paper the dynamics of composite particles is discussed. The composite particles are defined to be eigensolutions of the diagonal part of the energy representation. Corresponding calculations are in preparation, but in the present paper a suitable composite particle spectrum is assumed. It consists of preon-antipreon boson states and threepreon- fermion states with corresponding antifermions and contains bound states as well as preon scattering states. The state functional is expanded in terms of these composite particle states with inclusion of preon scattering states. The transformation of the functional energy representation of the spinor field into composite particle functional operators produces a hierarchy of effective interactions at the composite particle level, the leading terms of which are identical with the functional energy representation of a phenomenological boson-fermion coupling theory. This representation is valid as long as the processes are assumed to be below the energetic threshold for preon production or preon break-up reactions, respectively. From this it can be concluded that below the threshold the effective interactions of composite particles in a unified spinor field model lead to phenomenological coupling theories which depend in their properties on the bound state spectrum of the self-regularizing spinor theory.

Effective Interactions of Relativistic Composite Particles in Unified Nonlinear Spinor-Field Models. I

Unified nonlinear spinor field models are selfregularizing quantum field theories in which all observable (elementary and non-elementary) particles are assumed to be bound states of fermionic preon fields. Due to their large masses the preons themselves are confined. In preceding papers a functional energy representation, the statistical interpretation and the dynamical equations were derived. In this paper the dynamics of composite particles is discussed. The composite particles are defined to be eigensolutions of the diagonal part of the energy representation. Corresponding calculations are in preparation, but in the present paper a suitable composite particle spectrum is assumed. It consists of preon-antipreon boson states and threepreon- fermion states with corresponding antifermions and contains bound states as well as preon scattering states. The state functional is expanded in terms of these composite particle states with inclusion of preon scattering states. The transformation of the functional energy representation of the spinor field into composite particle functional operators produces a hierarchy of effective interactions at the composite particle level, the leading terms of which are identical with the functional energy representation of a phenomenological boson-fermion coupling theory. This representation is valid as long as the processes are assumed to be below the energetic threshold for preon production or preon break-up reactions, respectively. From this it can be concluded that below the threshold the effective interactions of composite particles in a unified spinor field model lead to phenomenological coupling theories which depend in their properties on the bound state spectrum of the self-regularizing spinor theory.

Proof of Renormalizability and Derivation of Dynamical Equations for Relativistic Composite Particle Systems and Reactions in Unified Field Models

Abstract In any quantum field theory of matter, in particular in quark-and subquark models, bound states have to be treated. In coupling theories corresponding bound state equations are derived by the Gell-Mann-Low procedure from the Greenfunction hierarchy. Due to certain presupposi-tions neither the derivation of such generalized Bethe-Salpeter equations nor the normalization of their amplitudes are selfconsistent. In this paper bound state equations and general reaction equations for composite particles are derived by means of functional techniques which do not rest on such presuppositions. The derivation is performed for a unified lepton-quark model with boson fusion from fermions, which is described by a nonlinear spinorfield equation with higher order derivatives. Besides the removal of infinities, in coupling theories renormalization mainly means the introduction of dressed field operators which allow a biunique map between field opera-tors and particles. For composite particles renormalization means the dressing of the composite systems which must allow the unique identification of dressed composite particle states independently of the interactions which can take place with other composite systems, i.e. this is in principle the same program as in coupling theories but with the treatment of dressed composite particles instead of dressed field operators. The program is performed for the reaction equations mentioned above.

Nucleon as a Composite Particle State

Nucleon as a Composite Particle State

The Equivalence of Elementary and Composite Particles

Given the Hamiltonian density of a system of interacting fields, it is possible to specify a second system which differs from the first by having one more or one less field in the Hamiltonian density and which has the interaction terms of the Hamiltonian density so modified that the physical properties of the two systems are the same. It follows that certain single-particle states of one system that are regarded as elementary-particle states must be present in the other system as composite-particle states. The connection between such physically equivalent systems is derived. The formalism is applied to the Lee model and the extended Lee model.