An alternative approach to fabricating a thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membrane by incorporating industrial residues is reported in this study. Na-A zeolite was synthesized from coal fly ash by alkali fusion and hydrothermal treatment to be added into a polyethersulfone (PES) support via phase inversion. A thin polyamide layer was created on the PES support by interfacial polymerization from a blend of the prepared Na-A zeolite and oxycut powder, a novel and unexplored carbon steel residue. The effect of the modified membrane was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and water contact angle measurements. The synthesized Na-A zeolite and oxycut powder were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET surface area, and leaching tests. The residues’ suitability as membrane fillers was first determined by their adsorption capacities of Cr (III) ions, achieving 21.17 mg/g for Na-A zeolite and 24.88 mg/g for the oxycut. Experimental data were reliably fitted by Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The hybrid membrane’s performance exhibited 98% of Cr (III) ions removal in a crossflow setup with two membranes in series. Considering the nature of the wastes, the leaching of other pollutants was monitored throughout the experimentation; the results exhibited no presence of toxic elements in the permeate, proving the promising applicability of these residues.