Composite Load Research Articles

Investigation on Heat Deflection and Thermal Conductivity of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Composites Prepared by Hand Layup Method

Recent trends are shifting to the use of composite materials and their demands for making alternate materials to metals due to weight ratio, while the synthetic fiber composite also creates environmental hazards. To overcome these issues, composite materials with natural fiber reinforcement are being developed. The current work is concerned with the fabrication of composite laminates using the traditional hand layup method, with 40% reinforcement of basalt fiber mat and sawdust filler and 60% epoxy, with quantifying the thermal effects of composite laminates varying with four different weight fractions of basalt fiber and sawdust filler materials. The results revealed that maximum thermal conductance, heat deflection temperature, and coefficient of linear thermal expansion values are 0.254 W/mK, 95°C, and 2.9 × 10−5/°C, respectively, which increases sawdust filler loading resist the thermal effect compared to basalt fiber loading of hybrid composite.

Carbon Aerogel with High Thermal Conductivity Enabled by Shrinkage Control

Carbon aerogels are often applied to construct a continuous pathway in composites for thermal conductivity enhancement. However, the properties exhibited by carbon foams, such as low density and high porosity, reduce the filler loading in composites, limiting the resulting thermal conductivity. Methods to improve filler loading in composites, such as hot pressing and compressing, delivered by recent studies lead to orientation change or architecture distortion. It remains a great challenge to construct carbon aerogels with a compact skeleton applying to thermal interface materials in an industrially available and economically friendly manner. We here put forward an in situ assembled and post-degas strategy to shrink expanded graphite aerogels. The degassed-expanded graphite (D-EG) aerogels with a densified structure hold a more compact pathway for phonon/electron transfer. D-EG impregnated with polydimethylsiloxane exhibits a thermal conductivity of 9.92 W m–1 K–1 at a mass content of 11.83 wt %. This simple strategy focuses on enhancing the density of the thermal transport pathway while maintaining the orientation of graphite and demonstrates a viable way to optimize the thermal conductivity of carbon foam composites.

Developing a highly responsive miniaturized security device based on a printed copper ammine energetic composite

This work presents a triggerable ultimate security device (USD) capable of physically destroying a memory chip that contains classified data within a few milliseconds upon the detection of intrusion. The USD is designed as an add-on module that can be positioned onto any electronic chip, IC circuit, or memory card without requiring any specialized chip design, substrate type or encapsulation solution. Its operation is simply based on the exothermic reaction of a solid-state printed energetic composite that physically disintegrates the sensible component in less than 1 ms. The solid-state energetic composite consists of a mixture of Al/CuO nanothermite with a copper ammine complex densely printed onto the chip that is meant to be destroyed. This energetic layer can be ignited through resistive heating or capacitance discharge in less than 50 µs. The paper details the fabrication and assembly of a test USD device and demonstrates that 400 mg of energetic composite can be used to irreversibly destroy one silicon chip (~120 mm 3 ) in less than 10 ms. The outcome of this work also shows that the reaction time and efficiency are highly dependent on the reactive material loading, i.e., the mass of nanothermites deposited into the device and memory card. • A novel ultimate security device concept is designed and developed. • The actuation is based on the reaction of a confined safe copper ammine energetics placed on the circuitry to be destroyed. • The pressure burst can be easily tuned by modifying the energetic composite solid loading. • A fast response is demonstrated. • The concept and technology hold potential for commercial scale production.

Nutritional, microbial and various quality aspects of common dried fish from commercial fish drying centers in Bangladesh

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional, microbial and sensory quality of five dried fish species from five fish drying centers in Bangladesh, and consumers' perception on quality and perceived health problems of consuming dried fish. Proximate composition and bacterial load were determined following AOAC and total plate count method, respectively. Data on peoples' perception regarding the quality aspects of dried fish were collected using a structured questionnaire. Sensory analysis showed samples from Cox’s Bazar had higher acceptability than other regions. Moisture content ranged from 12.00 ± 1.12% to 22.99 ± 1.09%, the highest found in Bombay duck from Patuakhali. The highest values of protein were found in shrimp from Chittagong (64.33 ± 0.99%) and the lowest in Bombay duck from Bhola (51.80 ± 0.95%). The lipid content varied from 5.38 ± 0.37% (Bombay duck from Cox’s Bazar) to 8.67 ± 0.96% (Bombay duck from Khulna). The ash content was ranged from 13.89 ± 0.94% to 20.07 ± 1.64% in Bombay duck from Patuakhali and Cox’s Bazar. The mean total plate count of dried Bombay duck were 7.1 ± 0.2×107, 9.8 ± 0.1×107 and 7.8 ± 0.52 × 107 cfu/g, whereas, total Vibrio spp. count were estimated 1.1 ± 0.1×103, 3.7 ± 0.2×105 and 1.8 ± 0.1 × 105 cfu/g for Chittagong, Cox’s Bazar and Bhola, respectively. The pathogenic bacterial species E. coli and Salmonella sp. were absent in dried Bombay duck from all locations. Of 500 respondents, the majority (94.8%) reported no complications after consuming dried fish. Significant quality variation among the dried fish samples suggested further improvement in dried fish quality through maintaining hygiene and sanitation to produce quality and safe dried fish for the consumers in home and abroad.

Optimization of Preparation Conditions of F-N-TiO2/AC Composite Photocatalyst for Degradation of Printing and Dyeing Wastewater

Abstract A novel composite photocatalyst loading titanium dioxide particles onto activated carbon and co-doping with fluorine and nitrogen (F-N-TiO2/AC) was synthesized using the impregnation-hydrothermal method for the degradation of printing and dyeing wastewater. The optimal preparation conditions of the composite photocatalyst were determined using orthogonal experiments. Through range analysis and variance analysis, the optimal preparation conditions were as follows: a molar ratio of anhydrous ethanol, glacial acetic acid, and tetrabutyl titanate of 3:175:100, and hydrothermal temperature of 150°C and hydrothermal time of 12 h. The catalyst prepared under these conditions showed high catalytic activity, with 100 % degradation of methyl orange when irradiated with a xenon lamp light source for 60 min, and the preparation conditions were feasible. The F-N-TiO2/AC composite photocatalysts were characterized using x-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements. On the basis of this analysis, it was found that the doping of fluorine and nitrogen did not change the anatase structure of titanium dioxide but affected the grain growth and changed the structural properties of the F-N-TiO2/AC photocatalyst. Good reusability properties were also found.

A Deep-Learning Approach to Load Modeling in Modern Power Distribution System

Modern Power Distribution Networks (MPDNs) are no longer passive because Distributed Generations (DGs) are integrated with them to enhance system reliability and power quality. For this reason, load modeling has to be updated to capture the new dynamics of active DNs. This paper presents a composite load modeling for a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) distribution network using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm in the deep learning feed-forward neural network approach. Load modeling is constructing a relationship between input excitation(s) and output response(s); it can be used for simulation studies, stability analysis, and control/protection design. A grid-connected PV distribution network was modeled in Matlab/Simulink and generates data for training and model estimation. The estimated model was tested and validated using a laboratory experimental test bed. Results of the model exhibit a good fitness of 99.8% and 97.2% in active and reactive power models respectively during training. While 97.84% and 94.65% respectively were obtained during testing. The estimation errors were found to be 0.0025 and 0.0049 for active and reactive powers respectively with 0.0473 and 0.0701 corresponding errors in testing.

Distributed optimal energy scheduling for grid connected multi-microgrids with architecturized load characteristics

This paper proposes load characteristics-based multiple microgrids (Ch-MMGs) architecture and utilizes distributed model predictive control (DMPC) based energy management for its day-ahead scheduling in grid-connected mode. Different from existing work, which consider MMG with composite load architecture, the MMG architecture is re-organized by categorizing consumer’s load into different groups according to their operational characteristics. By doing so, each characteristics microgrid (Ch-MG) would have specific load pattern, which can significantly improve power utilization more economically and optimally. Demand Response Program (DRP) is incorporated for reducing the peak load demand of categorized groups in accordance to Time-of-Use (ToU) prices. In order to meet the supply and demand of each Ch-MG more economically, a DMPC based two level optimal energy scheduling scheme has been developed, where distributed network operator (DNO) acts as coordinating entity at upper level. It facilitates economic energy exchange among Ch-MMGs through providing optimal reference signal to Ch-MG at lower level. The Ch-MG performs local optimization in according to reference signal from upper level DNO. The uncertainty in renewable power generation are handled with probabilistic scenarios using Monte-Carlo simulation. Comparative case studies are conducted on conventional and proposed MMG architecture. The results indicate that the operation of individual MGs with proposed scheme can effectively reduce system operation cost and achieve system-wide and local supply–demand balance more economically.

Predicting the Degradation of the Residual Strength in Cyclic Loading of Layered Composites

Predicting the Degradation of the Residual Strength in Cyclic Loading of Layered Composites

Experimental Evaluation and Neural Network Prediction of Fatigue Life of E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composite Material

The present study focuses on investigating the impact of hybrid composite content and loading parameters on the fatigue life of E-glass fiber-reinforced composite. A mathematical model of the fatigue life was developed based on experimentation and expressed as a function of the composite content (Epoxy content (80%, 60%) wt., Novolac content (20%, 40%) wt., E-Fiber Glass content (10%, 20%, and 30%) wt.), and different loads using Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS). In order to validate the ANFIS model, 30 fatigue cycle experiments were conducted. Using the experimental data sets, the ANFIS was trained with a momentum algorithm and an average absolute percentage error of 6.045% was obtained and compared to the output of the conventional Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Model. The testing accuracy was then verified with 6 extra experimental data sets and the average predicting error was 5.18%. the predicted ANFIS output data were then used to discuss the effect of the composite content and loading parameters on the fatigue life. The number and shapes of cracks observed on the failed specimens were analyzed under an optical microscope. The analysis revealed that the loading impact showed the highest influence on fatigue life for all types of enforcement and the sequence of strength was E- glass fiber, epoxy, and Novolac contents, respectively.

Study on vibration characteristics of ship mining system under composite load

The load that borne by ship mining system is very complex. The vibration of lifting pipe can be significantly affected by ocean current and wind load, which has a key impact on material lifting, ore bin storage and ship towing. Considering the composite load condition, the vibration control equation of mining ship is established based on the transverse swing mechanism of ship hull, and the variation law of transverse disturbance is obtained. The dynamic equation is constructed according to the bearing characteristics of the lifting system and the D’Alembert principle. The Wilson method is used to analyze and obtain the transverse vibration spectrum response of the lifting pipe under different wind loads, hull disturbance velocity and water depth. Based on the analogy method and hammering method, the vibration feedback test-bed of the lifting system is built, and the time-domain and frequency-domain vibration characteristics of the lifting pipe model under different water depths are obtained. The results show that in shallow water, the disturbance of mining ship and the composite load of ocean current are the key factors affecting the vibration amplitude of lifting pipe respectively. With the increase of water depth, the characteristic frequency and amplitude of the system decrease, and the amplitude gradually presents a discontinuous phenomenon.

Shear-Bond Behaviour of Profiled Composite Slab Incorporated with Self-Compacted Geopolymer Concrete

Composite slab systems have become increasingly popular over the last few decades because of the advantages of merging the two building materials, profiled steel sheets and concrete. The profiled composite slab’s performance depends on the composite interaction at the longitudinal direction of the concrete–steel interface. Geopolymer concrete has emerged over the last few years as a potential sustainable construction material, with 80% less carbon dioxide emissions than cementitious concrete. Recently, self-compacted geopolymer concrete (SCGC) has been developed, synthesised from a fly ash/slag ratio equal to 60/40, micro fly ash (5%), anhydrous sodium metasilicate solid powder as the alkali-activator and a water/solid content ratio equal to 0.45. The production of SCGC eliminates the need for an elevated temperature during curing and high corrosive alkali-activator solutions, as in traditional geopolymer concrete. The bond characteristics of the profiled composite slab system incorporated with the SCGC mix have not yet been thoroughly investigated. The cost-effectiveness of small-scale tests has popularised its usage by many researchers as an alternative technique to large-scale testing for assessing composite slab load shear capacity. In this paper, small-scale push tests were conducted to investigate the load slip behaviour of the SCGC composite slab compared to the normal concrete (NC) composite slab, with targeted compressive strengths of 40 and 60 MPa. The results indicate that SCGC has better chemical adhesion with profiled steel sheets than NC. Additionally, the profiled composite slab incorporated with SCGC possesses higher ultimate strength and toughness than the normal concrete composite slab.

Influence of drying methods on heavy metal composition and microbial load of plantain chips

Mature unripe plantain is usually processed into chips using the traditional sun-drying method without considering consumer safety. Thus, there is a need to assess the influence of solar tent and open sun drying on the heavy metal composition and microbial load of plantain chips. Thirty samples of dried plantain chips were collected randomly from 10 processing centers in Akure South and Idanre Local Government Areas of Ondo State, Nigeria. In addition, four popularly consumed plantain varieties (agbagba, bobby tannap, mbi egome, and pita 23) were processed to chips and dried using open sun and solar tent drying. The samples were analyzed for heavy metal compositions using an Inductively Coupled Plasma- Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) and microbial loads using the serial dilution method. The heavy metal content of the dried plantain chips was in the range of 0.01–0.08 mg/kg for Cd, 0.01–0.07 mg/kg for Co, and 0.05–0.50 mg/kg for Pb. Seven fungi (Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus tamarii, Fusarium verticillioides, and Monilla spp.) of health importance were isolated. The drying methods had a significant effect on the Cd (p < 0.01), Co (p < 0.001), and Pb (p < 0.01) contents of the plantain chips, but with no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the bacterial, fungi, and total coliform counts. Since the heavy metal content and microbial loads were higher in the surveyed and open sun-dried samples, the solar tent-dryer may be more reliable in producing less contaminated plantain chips than the open sun drying methods.

Experimental investigation on operating light-duty diesel engine using ethanol–gasoline blends in a homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion mode

The advanced diesel combustion mode of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) provides simultaneous lessening of soot and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. However, HCCI operations with low volatility and high reactivity diesel fuel require energy-intensive vaporizers and suffer from a restricted operating load range. In this work, high volatility, and low reactivity ethanol–gasoline blends were utilized as fuels in a port fuel injected light-duty diesel engine operated in HCCI mode to address this limitation. To study the effect of adding ethanol to the test fuels, its content was progressively increased from 10% to 60% by simultaneously reducing the gasoline content. 6% of an ignition improver, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2-EHN), was added to test fuels to attain stable HCCI combustion in the test engine at lower engine loads. A combined experimental and statistical approach was followed to characterize the HCCI engine combustion, performance and emissions. The impact of independent operating factors of ethanol–gasoline fuel blend composition and engine load on the various response parameters was estimated using multi-regression models developed based on the response surface method (RSM). The optimization of engine parameters was performed using the desirability approach of RSM to maximize performance and minimize emissions. The engine operating load range was extended from 23% (1.22 bar BMEP) to 86% (4.63 bar BMEP) with ethanol–gasoline–2-EHN-fuelled HCCI, which was a substantial improvement over the achievable load range only up to 38% (2.02 bar BMEP) with diesel-fuelled HCCI. All the multi-regression models developed were statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the indicated thermal efficiency improved, and soot and NOx emissions reduced with increased ethanol content in the test fuels. The test engine showed optimal working conditions when operated using 49% ethanol in the test fuels at 75% engine load. To benchmark the HCCI engine performance under optimal operating conditions, it was compared with conventional diesel combustion at 75% engine load. The NOx and soot emissions decreased by 76% and 98%, respectively, while indicated thermal efficiency increased by 20% for HCCI than conventional mode. The optimal fuel reactivity was determined at various engine loads by using the model equation developed for combustion phasing. According to the findings of this study, the fuel management strategy of using ethanol and gasoline blends is a viable method to enhance the performance and emission metrics of HCCI engines.

Effects of metal-organic framework nanoparticles on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine

This study was set to use metal-organic framework nanoparticles in diesel fuel formulation for the first time. Zeolitic imidazolate framework nanoparticles were synthesized using a green technique at room temperature, characterized using various characterization techniques, and used in a diesel-water emulsion fuel at two different concentrations (15 and 30 ppm). The prepared fuel blends were tested in a diesel engine at various loads (25–100% of full-load operation). The effects of fuel composition and engine load were assessed on the behavior of the engine. The combustion and performance parameters of nano-emulsion fuel blends were analogous to those observed for diesel. Nano-emulsion fuels resulted in significantly lower nitrogen oxide emissions than diesel at engine loads up to 75% of full-load operation. Nano-emulsion fuels also markedly outperformed diesel in terms of smoke emission at full-load operation. More specifically, nano-emulsion fuels could result in a significantly lower nitrogen oxide than diesel fuel, with an average reduction of about 15%. These findings were achieved with a slight penalty on the unburned hydrocarbon emissions. The encouraging results obtained in the current preliminary study can serve as an invaluable starting point for future studies to attain a more environmentally friendly diesel combustion process using MOF nanoparticles.

Evaluating the Performance of 3D-Printed PLA Reinforced with Date Pit Particles for Its Suitability as an Acetabular Liner in Artificial Hip Joints.

Off-the-shelf hip joints are considered essential parts in rehabilitation medicine that can help the disabled. However, the failure of the materials used in such joints can cause individual discomfort. In support of the various motor conditions of the influenced individuals, the aim of the current research is to develop a new composite that can be used as an acetabular liner inside the hip joint. Polylactic acid (PLA) can provide the advantage of design flexibility owing to its well-known applicability as a 3D printed material. However, using PLA as an acetabular liner is subject to limitations concerning mechanical properties. We developed a complete production process of a natural filler, i.e., date pits. Then, the PLA and date pit particles were extruded for homogenous mixing, producing a composite filament that can be used in 3D printing. Date pit particles with loading fractions of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt.% are dispersed in the PLA. The thermal, physical, and mechanical properties of the PLA–date pit composites were estimated experimentally. The incorporation of date pit particles into PLA enhanced the compressive strength and stiffness but resulted in a reduction in the elongation and toughness. A finite element model (FEM) for hip joints was constructed, and the contact stresses on the surface of the acetabular liner were evaluated. The FEM results showed an enhancement in the composite load carrying capacity, in agreement with the experimental results.

Holistic Design Consideration of Metal-Organic Framework-Based Composite Membranes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Metal-organic framework (MOF)-based membranes have received significant attention as separators for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries because of their high porosities, well-defined and tailored structures, and other tunable features that are desirable for preventing the "shuttle effect" of soluble polysulfides. Because of the insulating nature of most MOFs, composite membranes are generally constructed by a combination of MOFs and electron-conductive materials. In this work, we examine the property-performance relation between MOF-based separators and Li-S batteries by systematically adjusting the electrical conductivity, thickness, and mass loading of the MOF-based composite. Beyond the commonly referenced trapping or blocking ability of MOFs toward polysulfides, we find that by fixing the thickness of the MOF-based composite coating layer (∼40 μm) on a Celgard membrane, the electrical conductivity of the MOF composite layer is of paramount importance compared with the physical/chemical trapping ability of polysulfides. However, the trapping ability of MOFs becomes indispensable when the thickness of the composite layer is small (e.g., ∼20 μm), indicating the synergetic effects of the adsorption and conversion capabilities of the thin composite layer. This work suggests the importance of a holistic design consideration for a MOF-based membrane for long-life and high-energy-density Li-S batteries.

A Study on the In-Plane Shear-after-Impact Properties of CFRP Composite Laminates.

Impact loading on carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix (CFRP) composite laminates can result in a significant reduction in their residual properties, and the (ShAI) properties of the composite material are essential to obtain the material allowable values of the shear dominated composite structures. In order to obtain the ShAI properties of the composite material in pure shear stress at a coupon level, this study presents theoretical, experimental, and numerical methods and analysis work on the in-plane shear and ShAI properties of the composite laminates. Theoretically, a method of sizing the composite specimen loading in shear is developed through comparing the load values due to buckling and the material failure. Following this, both impact tests using the drop-weight method and ShAI tests using the picture frame test method are conducted, and the influences of the impact energies on the impact damage and the residual ShAI values are evaluated. Moreover, a progressive failure finite element model based on the Hashin’s failure criterion and the cohesive zone model is developed, and a two-step dynamic analysis method is performed to simulate the failure process of the composite laminates under impact loading and ShAI loading. It is found that the impact damage with the cut-off energy, 50 J, causes a 26.8% reduction in the residual strength and the residual effective shear failure strain is about 0.0132. The primary reason of the shear failure is the propagation of both the matrix tensile failure and interlaminar delamination. It can be concluded that the proposed theoretical, experimental, and numerical methods are promising factors to study the ShAI properties of the composite materials.

A Randomized Study on the Effect of Dried Fruit on Acid-Base Balance, Diet Quality, and Markers of Musculoskeletal Health in Community Dwelling Adults

Objectives We tested whether 100 g/day of dried fruit (vs. no supplemental fruit control) for 6 months alters 24-hr urinary net acid excretion (NAE), bone resorption, weight, body composition, muscle performance, and diet quality. We explored consistency of self-selected dietary composition and potential renal acid load (PRAL). Methods This randomized, single-blind, 2-armed study included 83 normal- and over-weight men and postmenopausal women (age ≥50 years) on self-reported low fruit diets. Endpoints included group differences in NAE (primary), 24-hr urinary N-telopeptide (NTX), weight, body composition, muscle performance, and diet quality. Results At baseline, mean (±SD) age was 69 ± 8 years; 86% were Caucasian; body mass index was 24.5 ± 2.8 kg/m2; 46% female, and NAE was 32.4 ± 23.1 mmol with no significant baseline group differences. No significant group differences were noted in NAE (primary), NTX, weight, body composition, muscle performance or diet quality at 6 months. In the cohort as a whole, 6-month change in NAE was positively associated with change in NTX, but no significant associations were noted in other outcomes. PRAL on the day of the urine collection was positively associated with NAE. Comparison of two consecutive baseline 24-hr diet recalls revealed wide intra-individual variability in PRAL in self-selected diets in our participants. Conclusion In this field study of older adults consuming self-selected diets, making one change to the diet by adding 100 g/day of dried fruit (equivalent to 4 servings per day) had no significant impact on NAE when compared to a no supplemental fruit control. This null finding may be attributable to the high day-to-day variability in consumption of foods affecting NAE. Added fruit also had no significant effect on weight, fat, muscle, or bone outcomes over a 6-month period.

Traction Load Modeling and Parameter Identification Based on Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm

In this paper, a traction load model parameter identification method based on the improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) is proposed. According to the load characteristics of the AC traction power supply system under transient disturbance, the model structure of the traction load is equated to the composite load model structure of the static load shunt induction motor’s dynamic load. The traditional sparrow search algorithm is improved to enhance its accuracy and convergence. The generalization ability of the model was tested, and the accuracy of the proposed model was verified. Using the ISSA to determine the load model from the measured data, the results can verify the effectiveness of the ISSA for comprehensive load model parameter identification. Comparing the ISSA with the traditional SSA and PSO algorithms, it shows that the ISSA has better accuracy and convergence.

Scour effects on the bearing capacity of multi-bucket jacket foundation for offshore wind turbines

The Multi-Bucket Jacket Foundation (MBJF) is presently being installed in Chinese wind farms with increasing numbers. Compared to monopiles, MBJF is a shallow foundation and the effect of scouring on the bearing capacity is more significant. This research proposes a universal three-dimensional model of the MBJF with local scour to efficiently estimate the effect of scouring on the MBJF bearing capacity. Firstly, using the proposed model, the ultimate bearing capacity is calculated under a single load, and the discounting effect of different scour ranges and scour depths on the ultimate bearing capacity is evaluated. Furthermore, the fixed load-displacement approach is used to calculate the failure envelope of the foundation under composite loading mode, and the influence of different scour patterns on the failure envelope is compared. The findings reveal that when the scour extent and depth increase, the foundation's bearing capacity decreases non-linearly, and the foundation bearing envelope line gradually shrinks. Under the condition that the ultimate vertical load is not exceeded, a rise in vertical load can enhance the ultimate load capacity after scouring to a certain extent. Finally, the calculated envelopes are integrated with engineering applications to quantify the safety redundancy of the MBJF bearing capacity for different seabed morphologies. The method and results can provide methodological support for the accurate prediction and efficient assessment of the MBJF's post-scour bearing capacity.