Components Of Phrases Research Articles

Semantic classification of neologisms-conversions

Amorphological-syntactic method of word production known as conversion involves the emergence of new words without altering the fundamental structure ofthe starting word. In addition to being included into anew paradigm, anew word created by conversion also gains anew lexical meaning and grammatical structure, as well as adifferent syntactic function and compatibility. Additionally, there is atypcof homophony that occurs between the primary forms of the derived word and the derived (original) term. This occurs when language units develop that are similar inappearance, sound, and spelling but differ in their typical meaning and belong to separate regions of speech. Though the kind of the consistent sickness is significant,it should be remembered that they can occasionally be confusing and converting. For example, drawdown (n), delay (n), close (n), start (n), suction (n), transfer (n), pass (n). Sometimes the components of verb phrases and talks are connected at the same time. With the conversion ofthe transition connected with the transition fromthe lexico-grammatical class of the verb to the lexico-grammatical class of the current one, the noun gets an integral form as aconsequence of compounding.”. [ 1 ] However, according to studies, the converted units only make about 3% of all neologisms

'여우비’ 유래담의 전승양상과 의미변화 고찰: ‘여우가 시집간다’, ‘호랑이 장가간다’와의 연계성을 중심으로

‘Foxrain’ is “rain that comes for a while and stops, on a day when there is sunshine” and is an expression similar to idioms such as ‘fox is getting married’ and ‘tiger is getting married’. Until now, the public had little interest in ‘foxrain’. However, in recent years, on days when it rains, ‘foxrain’ has become more common due to global climate change. The public has become more interested and raised questions about its origins. Why does the word ‘foxrain’, which is a combination of “animal name” and ‘rain’, explain the paradoxical situation where it rains even though the day is sunny? Words for animals form the oldest vocabulary of all the world's languages and reflect the ideas and values o​​f unique ethnic groups and their cultures. Also, the combination of ‘animal name’ and ‘verb + adjective’, which are special components of idiomatic phrases, can be debated from a narrative perspective.
 This research looked for traces of the origin story through a questionnaire survey and investigated the public's perception of ‘foxrain’. As a result, we were able to discover new idioms and the preference for idioms by age group. From the past until now, foxes have shown potential as a prototype for stories. In the past, it was simply a expression to describe the weather, but now it has been expanded to include an emotional concept through the linking of contexts. Especially new new media is currently reproducing its story of origin and regaining its status as a cultural prototype. Tracking such idiom changes would also be a meaningful task in the oral literary field.
 This study explores the meaning of idiomatic expressions through the story of the origin of ‘foxrain’, used in literature and media in response to the demands of the times. It considers the relationships between similar idiomatic expressions and their origins. We will also look at the meaning changes that accompany changes in media.

Structural and stylistic features of german phraseological units with a coloronym component

The article presents an analysis of the structural and stylistic features of German phraseological units with a coloronym component and considers the peculiarities of the relations between the components of these constructions. The point of view established in linguistics is that stable phrases with adjectives expressing basic color concepts are phraseological units. The author identifies and structures nominal and verbal groups of phraseological units with a coloronym component, presents an analysis of the relationship between the components of stable phrases containing a color designation. It was found that the functions of classification and amplification stand out as the main functions of coloronym adjectives within a stable phrase. The theoretical and practical significance of the study consists in substantiating the originality of structural and stylistic features of German phraseological units with coloronym adjectives, which is due to the degree of cohesion and the nature of rethinking the components of the structure. The possibility of using an adjective as a semantically pivotal word in a stable phrase is proved.

Марийские словосочетания с опорными отсубстантивными именами прилагательными

the Mari language, adjectival phrases, including denominative adjectives, function quite actively in expressing the features of a subject, concretized from various sides. However, phrases with such adjectives, their lexicalgrammatical, syntactic and semantic features have not yet been subjected to special analysis. Objective: to analyze typical models of Mari phrases with adjectives formed using productive and unproductive suffixes from nouns. Research materials: the study was carried out on the basis of the factual material in the Meadow-Eastern Mari literary language, presented in the part of the electronic corpus of the Mari language (the volume is about 20 million word uses). 88 Вестник угроведения. Т. 14. № 1 (56). 2024. Results and novelty of the research: based on the results of systematization of the identified phrases with denominative adjectives and their structural analysis, models (schemes) of the studied syntactic constructions (five in total) were established. The main morphological properties of the components are determined – the expression of a reference word by adjectives with the suffixes -an (-yan), -se (-so, -sӧ), -dyme (-dymo, -dymӧ), -lyk, -ash (-yash) and dependent adjectives, nouns, numerals, pronouns and participles of different categories. They indicate that denominative adjectives as a whole retain the combinable properties of nouns that served as a word-formation basis for them. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time it presents structural models of Mari attributive phrases with reference denominative adjectives: ADJ + ADJclass.adn., N + ADJclass.adn., NUM + ADJclass.adn., PRON + ADJclass.adn., PTCP + ADJclass. adn. The syntactic relation (determinative) and grammatical connection (adjunction) in which the components of phrases are located. The results of the work can be used in comparative study of similar syntactic units in other Finno-Ugric, as well as in contacting unrelated languages, in study of the features of syntax of Mari phrases in universities and schools

Fungsi, Kategori, dan Peran Sintaksis Menggunakan Teori RRG dalam Acara “Indonesia Lowyers Club”

The predicate is a determining element in a sentence. Sentences that are not clearly structured, result in the sentence being ineffective. This of course results in incomplete functions, categories, and roles in a sentence, making it difficult to understand. The purpose of this research is to describe functions, categories, and syntactic roles using the theory of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) in the "Indonesia Lowyers Club" event. Distribution method is the main method used to analyze data. Before the data is selected based on its use, the data is recorded first. Furthermore, the data that has been collected is selected based on the needs of the indicators that have been set. The results of the research show that the function in syntax is filled by the components of subject, nucleus (core/predicate), object, and periphery (additional information). Categories in syntax are filled by components of nominal phrases (nouns), verbs (verbs), pronouns (pronouns), adjectives (adjectives), adverbs (adverbs), and clauses. The role in syntax is filled by the component agent (actor), predicate or nucleus indicating activity, and undergoer (patient/object).

Structural and semantic aspects of phraseme in the works of fra Martin Mikulić

Phrases whose problems are in this paper are excerpted from the works of Martin Mikulić, a Herzegovinian Franciscan writer. Mikulić left behind a great literary wealth worth scientific observation - especially in the field of phraseology. Namely, the paper deals with the semantic aspect of phrases created through different tropes. The phrases created through metaphor, ie. metaphorical formulas where, for example, the loss of a head is equal to the loss of life. Other examples have been created according to the same principle, where body parts appear as components of phrases and other various components can be found. In addition to phrases created through metaphor, metonymy, synagogue, the material also confirms phrases created through periphrasis, hyperbole, euphemism, irony, antithesis and comparison. In addition, attention in this paper was focused on the definition, form and structure of phrases. Thus, the material confirms phrases with one full word, phrases with two or more independent words with or without auxiliary words, as well as phrases of a sentence. In the scientific literature, many authors share the opinion that the structure of phrases is usually solid, which is not shown by the examples from the corpus where a certain type of change in the structure of phrases was made. Apart from variant forms in which there is no change in meaning but in expression, so it is one or more alternative forms of phrases - other modifications are reflected in the fact that the order of components in the phrase is not solid and stable, that it is possible to replace one component the second as well as in changes of syntactic nature (prepositional-case connection), then the addition of certain components as well as the reduction of components, etc. The corpus confirms phrases whose phraseological components have lost their denotative meaning as well as examples where some of the phraseological components retain their denotative meaning.

Exploring Cohesions in EFL Academic Writing: A State of the Art on the Study of Cohesions

Cohesion has become a crucial component of academic writing that promotes the semantic connection within phrases and sentences. The objectives of this literature review research are to identify different forms of cohesions and the most common form of cohesion in articles on EFL academic writing. This study extracted records from Google Scholar and Scopus databases and selected 20 studies in the last five years out of 700 on the use of cohesions in the writing of EFL students. The data was gathered by sorting similar messages, finding cohesions, clarifying cohesions, and counting the cohesions with the highest percentage. The research results show that the published articles containing cohesions represent the reference (35%), paired conjunctions (15%), reiteration (40%), and collocation (10%). The most common type of cohesion is reiteration, which is essential for comprehending what the authors mean in their published works. Cohesions in theoretical and practical grounds contribute to the explicitness of semantic components of words or phrases to generate the messages conveyed to readers.

ЎЗБЕК АДАБИЙ ТИЛИДА ОТЛИ МУРАККАБ СЎЗ БИРИКМАЛАР ДЕРИВАЦИЯСИ

The article deals with the processes that complicate the simple phrase on the basis of word-formation laws. Cases of the formation of components of complex phrases are shown by formation methods. There are presentation about the formation of complex word combinations by methods of contamination and conversion in the Uzbek literary language. Of these, nominal complex phrases are more often used; adjectives, numbers, pronouns and modal words are less common. The given examples are substantiated scientifically and theoretically. Key words: main, dependent word, derivation, contamination, conversion, nominal complex phrases, methods of complication, descriptive, attributive

The Mapping of Meaning Components of Phrases about Plants in Indonesian and English Translation

This research aims at finding the types of procedures applied in translating Indonesian plant phrases into English, as well as analyzing the mapping of meaning components of the phrases from the source language to the target language. The data source is a bilingual biology textbook for senior high school students. The data in this study are in the form of two-word noun phrases about plants. Data were collected using observation method, random sampling method, and note-taking technique. The data were analyzed by using theories of translation procedures proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet and Natural Semantic Metalanguage. The result showed that the types of translation procedures applied are transposition and literal translation. The meaning components of the phrases of the source language are mostly transferred to the target language.

Predložna raba in njene skladenjskopomenske vloge znotraj stilističnih in normativnih možnosti

The treatment of prepositional use is carried out both from the semantic-expressive and the stylistic-normative points of view. With its relative – or rather grammatical – meanings, the preposition continually addresses the question of normative and stylistic use. The present article aims to shed some light on prepositions as components of prepositional phrases, sentences and texts. Their capacity to form different prepositional relations enables them to reach beyond the borders of the proposition and sentence to the text itself, a phenomenon of considerable importance in terms of language efficiency, particularly in scientific texts. It can be concluded that the extension of prepositional use has close links to the broadening and specialisation of scientific texts. As important building blocks of syntax, prepositions therefore remain worthy components of stylistic and normative treatments.

EXPRESSION OF POSSESSIVE RELATIONS IN THE ARABIC LANGUAGE AND ITS DIALECTS USING PREPOSITIONS

Problem statement: In contrast to the European languages in Arabic, the expression of possessive relations occurs in other ways, namely, well-known, and in the first place these are constructions with idafa (´iḍāfah), as well as constructions with prepositions. In our work, we consider constructions with the preposition li- and the preposition min, as one of the means of expressing possession in the Arabic language. Results. In the function of prepositions to express possessive relations, in addition to the mentioned prepositions, “improper prepositions” can be used, which are usually not used as independent names. Possessive relations in the Arabic language can be expressed by particles playing the role of prepositions (inda), and official words (siwa, gayra) are also used. A similar pattern is observed in Arabic dialects. In some (Moorish) old prepositions from literary Arabic are preserved. In others (Moroccan), this function is performed by service words (d, dyāl, mtāε). Conclusion. Thus, prepositions take an active part in the expression of possession in the Arabic language and its dialects. The functions of prepositions in the Arabic language are taken over by particles. With the help of particles and words playing the role of prepositions between the components of phrases, a possessive connection can be made. Syntactically and semantically, prepositions can be replaced by the genitive or idafa construct, but in some cases the prepositional group is preferable.

German Verbal-Nominal Phrases (stehen, stellen, schließen, fassen + Nomen) through the Prism of Conceptual Schemes

The article deals with the fixed verb combinations of the German language from the point of view of cognitive linguistics. As the material under study, fixed verb combinations are presented, built according to the type “verb + (preposition) + noun”. The author dwells on four German verbs (stehen, stellen, schließen, fassen) and possible combinations with them. The examples under consideration are combined into groups where different nouns are used with one verb, usually of an abstract nature. An attempt is made to analyze conceptual schemes that model fragments of the surrounding reality and to identify the images that the carrier of the German linguistic culture operates with. The study of the figurative component of fixed verb combinations allows us to classify them on conceptual grounds, namely to single out the metaphor “container” and the spatial metaphor. The author also dwells on the conceptual metaphor of objectification. Particular attention is paid not only to the semantics of individual components of verbal phrases (verb, preposition and noun), but also to the grammatical characteristics of lexemes. The analysis performed makes it possible to speak about the presence in the German linguistic culture of basic universal concepts, designed in the form of conceptual schemes. The studied conceptual schemes make it possible to clearly demonstrate the thesis that abstract phenomena are often comprehended through concrete-sensory images.

Distancing the Components of Attributive Phrases in Artistic Speech

The problem of distancing the components of attributive phrases as a syntactic and stylistic phenomenon in artistic speech is considered. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the issue of preserving the syntactic form of the phrase while distancing its components has not yet been resolved and the mechanism for creating a stylistic technique based on the distance of the components of attributive phrases has not been clarified. The novelty of the study lies in the approach that takes into account the interaction of syntax and stylistics in the functioning of the same speech means - attributive phrases in conditions of distance. On the material of the corpus of speech examples selected from the novel by M. A. Sholokhov “Quiet Don”, it is shown that when distancing the attributive phrase, ceasing to be integral, does not lose its syntactic form. The syntactic properties that occur in attribute phrases in a distancing form of their existence are generalized. When describing the stylistic method of distancing, it is stated that it is intended not only to concentrate on the attribute information about the subject, but also to testify to the signifying “reload” that the attribute phrase undergoes when moving forward its dependent component in the sentence-utterance.

Notes on the language of Northern Russian lamentations. 2. Composite nominations, their structure and semantics

The paper is devoted to the language of the Northern Russian lamentations collected and published by E.V. Barsov 150 years ago. The author uses the material of wedding lamentations to study the typical folklore language — composite nominations, i.e. nouns, verbs, and other parts of speech formed on the basis of two (rarely three) lexical units: 1) integral compound words (svet-batiushka, drug-podruzhka, zvon-unylyj), 2) phrases with an application (dusha-devushka, doch’-nevol’nica, idti-shatat’s’a), 3) tautological phrases, i.e. complete or partial reduplications (vol’a-vol’ushka, mesto-mestechko, um-razum, gnevev-gneven) or combinations of synonyms (put’-dorozhen’ka, rod-plem’a, znat’-vedat’, gl’adet’-smotret’, strogo-grozno, zhalko-unylo), 4) constructions with a compositional relationship (gusi-lebedi, zlato-serebro, khleb-sol’, kormit’-poit’, dosyta-dop’ana). The classification is based on the following characteristics: structure (the declination of the components of the phrases), macro-syntax (coordination with both members of the binomial or one of them), micro-syntax (relationship of the components with each other—the subordination or composition) and semantics (whether members of the phrase semantically independent, or one of the members serves as an emotional, evaluative, functional definition, addition, refinement, modification of the other). The specifics of folklore material, and particularly of poetic texts of Northern Russian wedding lamentations, are their structural and syntactic diffuseness, blurring of borders between different types of composite units, the tendency to free syntax of the paratactic type, avoiding explicit means of expressing semantic relations (especially subordinates), the predominance of composition over subordination not only in sentences, but also between components of phrases.

Особливості полікомпонентних економічних термінів у структурному, семантичному і перекладацькому аспектах

The features of structure, semantics and translation of polycomponent economic terms from English into Ukrainian are analyzed in the article. The study found that English polycomponent economic terms are formed by two-, three- and four-component models, characterized by different degrees of usage in language, depending on extralinguistic factors, namely the need for the specified type of terminological phrases. The most productive model of the syntactic method of term formation is „adjective + noun”, which accounts for about 57% of selected terms. The semantic links between the components of terminological phrases are different – absolutely stable or relatively stable. A relatively stable link between components means that the components retain their direct meaning in English polycomponent economic terms. The meaning of terms with absolute stability is not (or almost not) derived from the meaning of their constituents. The terminology of economics is characterized by terms with a relatively stable relationship. Their share is 68% of the sample. The complexity of translating English multicomponent economic terms into Ukrainian is that some terms are ambiguous. When translating English polycomponent economic terms into Ukrainian, methods of literal translation, permutations, descriptive translation are used. The two-component terms are translated using the following constructions: „adjective + noun”, „noun + noun in the genitive case”, as well as a phrase of two nouns with a preposition. Three-component terms can be translated by a corresponding phrase, the components of which fully or partially coincide with the original English polycomponent economic term in form and meaning. We see further research prospects in the study of the structure, semantics and features of translation of these terminological units in other contexts.

ENGLISH DENTAL TERMINOLOGY: FUNCTIONAL ASPECT

The article deals with the study of dental terms in the English language. The final aim of the work is to study and analyze morphological features of the given group of medical terms. The research has been done on the basis of several dictionaries, namely Dental Dictionary, New Webster’s Dictionary and Thesaurus of the English Language, The Oxford English Reference Dictionary. The volume of investigated material is 200 terms, obtained by consecutive selection. Terminology constitutes the greatest part of every language vocabulary. It is also its most intensely developing part, the class giving the largest number of new formations. The following structural subgroups of the analyzed terms have been singled out: simple terms, compound terms, terminological word combinations. The vast majority of simple terms are expressed by nouns - 120, and only 10 are adjectives, such as buccal, lingual, mesial. Such grammatical expressiveness of the studied terms confirms the opinion of the researchers that the noun is a universal means for the transfer of all categories of terminological concepts, since this part of speech has a high degree of abstraction, which expresses technical objects, qualities and actions. The most common terminological phrases are two-word phrases, expressed by the combination of an adjective with a noun and two nouns. As for the semantic expression of components of terminological phrases, they are represented as combinations of the common word with the term (Local anesthetic); two terms (Periodontal pocket) or two common words (Bad Breath) that, in the context of a phrase, have the meaning of a term. Several areas of dentistry have emerged relatively recently and are actively developing now, contributing to the emergence of new terms. We see the prospect of further research in considering the structural parameters of dental terminology in English.

OCCULT LINKING IN ENGLISH

The paper explores the possibility that English syntax includes a particular sort of non-overt (occult) element, corresponding to the overt links that have been identified as very general elements in the languages of the world, serving the function of connecting elements to the head of the phrase in which they appear. Evidence is presented that occult links are ubiquitous, occurring in all the major phrase types of English, including at least NP, VP, AP, AdvP, PP, and QP, and exerting a strong influence on the form of these phrases. The effects consist of constraints on the types of phrases that can appear in pre-head positions, the frequent need for certain components of pre-head phrases to be extraposed, and the impossibility of extracting items from pre-head positions. These phenomena can be explained if one hypothesizes occult links in the types of positions in which overt links occur, with properties that overt links are known to have.

Lexical knowledge representation and natural language processing

Traditionally, semantic information in computational lexicons is limited to notions such as selectional restrictions or domain-specific constraints, encoded in a “static” representation. This information is typically used in natural language processing by a simple knowledge manipulation mechanism limited to the ability to match valences of structurally related words. The most advanced device for imposing structure on lexical information is that of inheritance, both at the object (lexical items) and meta (lexical concepts) levels of lexicon. In this paper we argue that this is an impoverished view of a computational lexicon and that, for all its advantages, simple inheritance lacks the descriptive power necessary for characterizing fine-grained distinctions in the lexical semantics of words. We describe a theory of lexical semantics making use of a knowledge representation framework that offers a richer, more expressive vocabulary for lexical information. In particular, by performing specialized inference over the ways in which aspects of knowledge structures of words in context can be composed, mutually compatible and contextually relevant lexical components of words and phrases are highlighted. We discuss the relevance of this view of the lexicon, as an explanatory device accounting for language creativity, as well as a mechanism underlying the implementation of open-ended natural language processing systems. In particular, we demonstrate how lexical ambiguity resolution—now an integral part of the same procedure that creates the semantic interpretation of a sentence itself—becomes a process not of selecting from a pre-determined set of senses, but of highlighting certain lexical properties brought forth by, and relevant to, the current context.