Orientation Components Research Articles

Occupational Stress Among Italian Postgraduate Medical Trainees: A Pilot Study for the Validation of the SCOPE Questionnaire

The occupational environment may affect one’s psychophysical health by leveraging both external workplace stressors and individual psychological responses. We developed a comprehensive questionnaire to assess occupational stress among postgraduate medical trainees, investigating both situational and personal aspects. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the constructs captured by the questionnaire, and reliability was assessed by estimating Cronbach’s alpha. Construct-specific scores were computed, and their correlation with established pre-validated scales (criterion validation) was assessed. Four factors—“stress”, “coping”, “empathy”, and “trauma”—explained 50% of data variability and demonstrated satisfactory overall internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.76). Significant correlations were found between the “stress” score and the “emotional exhaustion” component of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) (r = −0.76), the “coping” score and the “positive attitudes” component of the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (COPE) (r = 0.46), and the “empathy” score with the “empathic concern” (r = 0.52), “fantasy” (r = 0.41), and “perspective taking” (r = 0.45) components of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). No significant differences in scores were found in terms of gender or medical specialization. This study suggests that the SCOPE questionnaire may be a promising tool for assessing workplace stress and psychological responses among medical residents.

The relationship between four indicators of future time orientation, criminal thinking style, and illegal behaviors.

Individuals who commit criminal behaviors are often thought to prioritize short-term goals rather than long-term goals (i.e., a present vs. a future time orientation). Though previous theories of crime and empirical research support a relationship among future time orientation, criminal thinking, and illegal behaviors, there is disagreement in the literature about how to operationalize the multidimensional construct of future time orientation. The primary aim of this pre-registered survey study was to measure multiple components of future time orientation to better understand the relationship with criminality-related outcomes. Participants were 248 undergraduate college students. Survey materials included a measure of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11), self-control (Brief Self-Control Scale), delay discounting (Monetary Choice Questionnaire), and Carstensen's Future Time Perspective Scale. Participants also completed two measures of criminal thinking style (the Texas Christian University Criminal Thinking Scale, the Criminogenic Cognitions Scale) and an illegal behaviors checklist. Bivariate results demonstrated a negative relationship between future time orientation (i.e., low impulsivity, high self-control, high future time perspective) and criminal thinking style. The relationship between delay discounting and criminal thinking was in the hypothesized direction but failed to reach statistical significance. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the measure of self-control had the most consistent and incrementally significant relationship with both criminal thinking style and illegal behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed along with study limitations and future directions.

The Components of Entrepreneurial Orientation of Higher Education Student: A Systematic Literature Review

The objective of this article is to synthesize the components of entrepreneurial orientation of higher education student using a systematic literature review methodology. Information was sought by searching the following electronic journal databases: 1) Eric (Education Resources Information Center), 2) Science Direct, 3) Scopus, and 4) Thai-Journal Citation Index Centre (TCI) covering publications from 2015 to 2023. The tool used in this systematic literature review consists of 3 parts: research screening form, critical appraisal form and data extraction table. Research selection is carried out by researchers and experts. Analyzing data by using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, and summary analysis of content. The research results indicate that out of a total of 1,205 studies identified, only 13 met the criteria. The researchers selected the components of entrepreneurial orientation of higher education student level that occurred with a frequency of three or more, constituting 25 percent of the total frequency. In conclusion, the components of entrepreneurial orientation of higher education student consists of 5 elements, ranked from highest to least frequent, as follows: 1) Risk Taking, 2) Innovativeness, 3) Proactiveness, 4) Autonomy, and 5) Competitive Aggressiveness.

Dementia with Lewy bodies and gait neural basis: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundDementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is responsible for cognitive-behavioural disorders but also for gait disorders. The latter are thought to be related to parkinsonism, but the neural bases of these disorders are not well known, especially in the early stages. The aim of this study was to investigate by volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging the neuronal basis of gait disorders in DLB patients, compared to Healthy Elderly Controls and Alzheimer’s Disease patients.MethodsClinical examination with motor assessment including 10-meter walking speed, one-leg balance and Timed Up and Go test, a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and 3D brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging were performed on 84 DLB patients, 39 Alzheimer’s Disease patients and 22 Healthy Elderly Controls. We used Statistical Parametric Mapping 12 to perform a one-sample t-test to investigate the correlation between each gait score and gray matter volume (P ≤ 0.05 corrected for family-wise error).ResultsWe found a correlation for DLB patients between walking speed and gray matter decrease (P < 0.05, corrected for family-wise error) in caudate nuclei, anterior cingulate cortex, mid-cingulate cortex, hippocampi, supplementary motor area, right cerebellar cortex and left parietal operculum. We found no correlation with Timed Up and Go test and one-leg balance.ConclusionGait disorders are underpinned by certain classical regions such as the cerebellum and the supplementary motor area. Our results suggest there may be a motivational and emotional component of voluntary gait in DLB subjects, underpinned by the cingulate cortex, a spatial orientation component, underpinned by hippocampi and suggest the involvement of brain processing speed and parkinsonism, underpinned by the caudate nuclei.Trial registrationThe study protocol has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. (NCT01876459) on June 12, 2013.

How learners’ achievement goal motivation influences their metacognitive skills in online social annotations context?

ABSTRACT Online learning requires high self-regulated abilities facilitated by metacognitive skills. Achievement goal motivation impacts metacognition, but their relationship in online learning contexts lacks consensus. One of the components of achievement goal orientation is mastery goal orientation which focuses on learning and self-improvement. The other component, performance goal orientation, emphasises demonstrating competence. This quantitative study collected questionnaire and behavioural log data from 39 learners and examined the interplay between achievement goal motivation and metacognitive skills within an online social annotation environment. Findings revealed that mastery goal orientation positively correlated with metacognitive planning and regulation, while performance goal orientation was predominantly associated with metacognitive regulation. Neither goals significantly correlated with metacognitive monitoring. Cluster analysis indicated that ‘balanced achievers’ with higher performance goal orientation may play a pivotal role in promoting social cognition. These insights deepen understanding of motivating learners and creating effective online learning approaches by leveraging the influence of achievement goal motivation on metacognitive strategies.

Latent Variable Modeling of Social Networks with Directional Relations: An Exploration of Profile Similarity of Latent Factors

Statistical analysis of networks has gained increasing popularity in social and psychological sciences. This study introduces a latent variable model for self-reported directional relations within social networks, specifically focusing on predicting relationships based on actor attributes and latent traits. In a directional relation, the initiator is termed the “sender,” and the recipient is the “receiver.” Traditional symmetric similarity measures, such as Mahalanobis distance, often fall short of capturing the nuanced impact of sender and receiver latent traits in these scenarios. To overcome this limitation, we propose four distinct measures of trait similarity ( p sender , p receiver , m sender , and m receiver ), aiming to discern subtle distinctions between the impact of senders and receivers characteristics on the perceived social relations. We demonstrate the applicability and relevance of these measures in real-world network scenarios by applying our proposed framework to analyze a college friendship network. Among competing models, our findings affirm a potential non-linear trend between personality similarity and perceived friendship. Notably, the quadratic model with m receiver ( Q 8 ) outperformed others, exhibiting both significant linear and quadratic terms. Our results underscore the significance of the projected components of the receiver’s personality along with the sender’s orientation, with larger and smaller components both indicating a higher probability of perceived friendship.

Interdependency or submission to authority? The impacts of horizontal and vertical collectivist orientation on vaccine attitudes in mainland China.

Culture has a profound impact on preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous research has revealed that collectivism is associated with more effective responses to COVID-19 on the national or regional level. However, the impact of different components of collectivist orientation on vaccine attitudes remains insufficiently explored on the individual level. Two survey studies conducted in August 2021 in mainland China consistently found that individual-level horizontal collectivist orientation, rather than vertical collectivist orientation, was linked with more favourable vaccine attitudes. Specifically, Study 1 (N = 731) indicated that horizontal collectivist orientation was positive associated with vaccination intention indirectly via risk perception, and horizontal collectivist orientation was also positively associated with vaccination persuasion both directly and indirectly via risk perception. Study 2 (N = 1481), employing multilevel modelling, demonstrated that the link between horizontal collectivist orientation and confidence in vaccines remained robust regardless of provincial-level variations in socioeconomic development and cultural tightness. These findings convergently suggest that the positive vaccine attitudes among mainland Chinese are primarily driven by an amplified risk perception due to concern for others, rather than submission to authority.

ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR AND MOTIVATIONAL SOURCES OF ORNAMENTAL NURSERY OWNERS

The ornamental nursery owners are small- or large-scale entrepreneurs who raise and market their ornamental plant commodities. The ornamental nursery is an enterprise undertaken by a nursery owner to gain self-employment and earn some profit. The present study was conducted using an ex-post facto research design in four talukas of the Navsari district of South Gujarat namely Khergam, Chikhli, Gandevi and Vansda during the year 2022-23. From each selected taluka 25 respondents were randomly selected. Thus, for the present study total of 100 sample size was obtained. The study was conducted to find out the entrepreneurial behaviour and motivational sources for the ntrepreneurial behaviour of ornamental nursery owners of the study area. The entrepreneurial behaviour of ornamental nursery owners was assessed from risk orientation, achievement motivation, scientific orientation, management orientation, innovativeness and decision-making ability. The study revealed that the majority of ornamental nurseries had a medium level of entrepreneurial behaviour. The study also revealed that the majority of ornamental nursery owners had a medium level of risk orientation, achievement motivation, scientific orientation, management orientation, innovativeness and decision-making ability. Additionally, the study revealed that among the six components of entrepreneurial behaviour management orientation contributed the highest in calculating entrepreneurial behaviour, followed by scientific orientation, risk orientation, achievement motivation, decision-making ability and innovativeness based on their mean percentage ranking. The study further revealed that less than half of the ornamental nursery owners had progressive nursery owners, followed by self and neighbours/friends/relatives as their motivational sources for entrepreneurial behaviour.

Computational comparison of approaches based on geometrical orientation and gravity components in analysing the melting behaviour of thermal energy storage system

Computational comparison of approaches based on geometrical orientation and gravity components in analysing the melting behaviour of thermal energy storage system

Simplified channel model for indoor VLC systems

The channel model of indoor visible light communication (VLC) is primarily influenced by the receiver’s position and orientation. In this study, we decouple the effects of receiver position and orientation, treating them as independent random variables. This decoupling enables a clearer understanding of how each factor independently influences the channel model. Specifically, we focus on the impact of the azimuth angle, a critical component of orientation, on the VLC channel. We present a simplified channel model for indoor VLC systems based on partial orientation information. Theoretical analysis and simulation results collectively indicate that the accuracy of the simplified channel model is influenced by the field-of-view (FOV), with higher accuracy achieved at narrower FOVs. To evaluate practical performance, we compare our simplified model with the existing complete channel model in a two-user precoding system. Results show that our proposed simplified channel model maintains value, particularly in narrow-FOV scenarios. The research findings indicate that this simplified model is suitable for applications with high demands for channel accuracy in narrow-FOV indoor VLC systems, and can be extended to applications in wide-FOV systems where perfect channel information is not required.

P‐196: Control of the Molecular Orientation in EML Using Substrate Temperature for Improving the Electro‐Optical Characteristics and Lifetime

In this paper, we controlled the molecular alignment property of the EML layer in horizontal direction by changing the substrate temperature (Tsub) during deposition at ‐4, 20, and 40 °C and observed the effect of molecular orientation characteristics of the EML on the electro‐optical characteristics and the lifetime of OLED devices. The color property of the devices fabricated in different Tsub show same properties, but the optical performance of the cells fabricated at ‐4 °C was better than those fabricated at high temperatures as we expected due to the horizontal component of the molecular orientation. In particular, as for the lifetime of the cell, we observed over 4 times longer lifetime of the cell fabricated at ‐4 °C than the cell fabricated at 40 °C. To analyze the cause of the increase in lifetime, we also observed the surface roughness and grain boundary of the EML fabricated in each Tsub conditions. In addition, more detail data including binding energies between the molecule and deformation data using major molecule weight are also presented either. As a result, we confirm that the Tsub during deposition strongly affects to the molecular anisotropy factor and we can improve the electro‐optical and lifetime performance of the OLED cell through low Tsub.

Исследование направленности личности как компонента персонифицированного субъекта деятельности

The study of problems of personalised education is becoming particularly important. Modern psychological and pedagogical practice requires scientific substantiation, empirical verification and development of the content of such a category as personification. The study considers orientation as a component of personification. An empirical study on the study of orientation as a component of a personalised subject of activity was conducted on the basis of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University” in Ekaterinburg. The following psychodiagnostics methods were used to study such components of orientation as motivation, value orientations and self-determination of students. Understanding the orientation structure allows for a more accurate and in-depth study of students' preferences, interests and needs, which in turn helps to create individual educational plans that will meet the specific needs of each student. The conducted empirical research confirms that there are significant relationships between the components of orientation as part of personification, which are important to take into account in the process of self-actualisation and self-realisation of students.

Failure Sensitivity in Perfectionism and Procrastination: Fear of Failure and Overgeneralization of Failure as Mediators of Traits and Cognitions

The current study investigated perfectionism and procrastination from the trait and cognitive perspectives and addressed how they relate to components of a personal orientation toward failure. A sample of 327 undergraduate students completed three perfectionism measures (i.e., Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Hewitt–Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory), two procrastination measures (i.e., Lay Procrastination Scale and Procrastinatory Cognitions Inventory), and measures of fear of failure and overgeneralizing failure. Correlational analyses showed that the composite trait dimension of perfectionistic concerns and the cognitive dimension of perfectionistic automatic thoughts had modest links with trait procrastination but much stronger links with the cognitive measure of procrastinatory automatic thoughts. All perfectionism and procrastination measures were significantly correlated with fear of failure and overgeneralization of failure. More extensive analyses showed that fear of failure mediated trait and cognitive pathways between perfectionism and procrastination, and the overgeneralization of failure mediated most pathways. Other evidence supported a sequential mediation between perfectionism and procrastination (i.e., fear of failure followed by the overgeneralization of failure). Overall, the results suggest that procrastinating perfectionists have a cognitive hypersensitivity to failure and a potentially debilitating form of perfectionistic reactivity characterized by overgeneralizing failures to the self. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

NARRATIVE TEXT WRITING SKILLS IN PGSD STUDENTS

Writing a narrative text that includes the main components of the text is not easy. This means that the students' ability in this regard is not entirely good. The evidence is that there are still components that are often ignored and do not appear in the text. The components in question are resolution and coda. This study aims to assess students' ability to write correct and complete narrative texts. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive research. The sample of this research was 60 students of PGSD Unika Santu Paulus Ruteng. The technique used in collecting data is the test technique. Students were asked to write a narrative text with any theme and pay attention to the right narrative text structure such as orientation, complication, resolution, and coda. The text was analysed using observation technique. Based on the findings, the components of orientation, complication, and resolution in the narrative text get a good range. This is evidenced in the acquisition of student scores which are in the good category and some of them are in the excellent category. The only component of narrative text that needs to be improved is the coda. There are 40 out of 60 students whose scores are in the fair range. Therefore, the coda component needs to be trained. Therefore, the coda component needs to be trained.

Life-World Design: A career counseling program for future orientations of school students

Rather than having one single stable lifelong employment, successful career development has been re-defined as individuals having the psychological resources supporting them to achieve their career goals in the 21st century. Having a strong sense of future orientation a key psychological resource that can support young people to pursue their aspired careers. Based on the life course perspective of career development, the process theory of future orientation and strategic and skills learning development framework, a school-based Life- World Design career counseling program (LWD) was designed to promote students’ future orientation. This research examined the effectiveness of LWD in enhancing the future orientation of secondary school students in Hong Kong during COVID-19. Methods. A quasi-experimental research design was adopted (n = 377; mean age = 15.7). All participants were selected from 8 different schools. Seven outcomes pertaining to the components of future orientation were evaluated with a standardized measurement: (1) Motivation: value, optimism and internal control; (2) Cognitive representation: hopes and fears; (3) Proactive behaviors: career exploration and commitment. Results and Discussion. LWD was effective in enhancing students’ future orientation, namely supporting students to find value in their future careers, fostering their sense of internal control in realizing their desired careers, increasing their hopes and encouraging them to take proactive behaviors towards their aspired careers. While effective, students in the examination and outcome-oriented education system in Hong Kong may be unfamiliar with the explorative and person-centered approach adopted by LWD, resulting in the program’s ineffectiveness in enhancing their optimism and decreasing their fears towards their future careers . Research, practice and policy implications were discussed.

Evaluation of the Teaching Practice Programme of Niger Delta University, Wilberfore Island Bayelsa State, Nigeria

The study evaluated the teaching practice programme of the Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study was guided by three objectives which focused on the evaluation of the orientation, institutional support, and supervisory components of the programme. The study was further guided by the CIPP evaluation model of Stufflebeam (2003). The population of the study comprised of all students who enrolled and participated in the teaching practice programme at the Niger Delta University during the 2019/2020 academic session. From this population, 85 students were used as the sample of the study. The sample was drawn using the convenience sampling technique. A researcher-developed instrument was used for data collection, which was titled Evaluation of Teaching Practice Inventory (ETPI). Data analysis for the study was done using mean and standard deviation. Result revealed that orientation programme and institutional support were considered not adequate, while supervision was considered very adequate. Based on the results, it was recommended that the content of the teaching practice orientation programme should be enhanced to reflect current teaching methodologies, including classroom management techniques, lesson planning strategies, and student assessment methods.

Improvement polyprofessional education at the technical university

The article discusses the process of student’s polyprofessionalism in technical universities. The analysis of scientific and pedagogical research of this problem and educational practice revealed various approaches to the training of specialists of a wide profi le. Mass multiprofessional education is carried out through organizational structures for managing network interaction, convergence and integration of educational institutions.Individualization of polyprofessional training is associated with the ability to independently master new areas of scientific and technical knowledge. Didactic prerequisites for the formation of polyprofessionalism in the course of self-educational activity consist in the gradual expansion of the educational array, horizontal and vertical polyprofessional ties, Profiling of educational and cognitive activity of students and professional mobility of university graduates. The stages of acquiring multiqualifications include modernization changes and updating the system of previously acquired knowledge, accumulation of factual material and search for system-forming connections, integration of related objects and types of professional activity, expansive going beyond the limits of the studied specialty into the field of the chosen profession, familiarization with professional values and a multiplicity of communications for solving technical problems by methods and means of different professions. The implementation of polyprofessional ties is possible both within the boundaries of one level and at different skill levels in ascending and descending directions. Profiling of educational and cognitive activity of students includes the introduction of examples of solving really scientific and technical problems of varying complexity into the educational documentation, and professional mobility is directly related to the formation of educational mobility, meaning the ability to independently choose an educational trajectory.When improving polyprofessional education at a technical university in any form and at every stage, it is necessary to rely on and develop its value, orientation, content and methodological components.

Bridging Proactive Market Orientation to Startups’ Marketing Approach: Theoretical Background and Case Studies

Rapid change of global market dynamics makes the survival of startups difficult. This study investigates the integration of startups' marketing approach with proactive market orientation in order to adapt these changing dynamics of the market. Customer orientation, new-product development, innovation orientation and competitiveness are explained as encouraging components of proactive market orientation to be robust and long-run in the in competitive environment. Case studies of the paper are involving the most innovative and valuable brands of the world as well customer-centric. The most fundamental purpose of the paper is to emphasize the importance of marketing approach through those companies’ proactive behaviors. With the continues startup culture, they can give inspirations for the early-stage entrepreneurs while designing their marketing strategies. The article presents a strategic point of view for marketing decisions based on theoretical background of the phenomenon and recommends a holistic roadmap for practitioners in the journey of entrepreneurship. It is also aimed to contribute to the literature and pioneer for the further studies.

Market orientation and performance: A comparative Study of private and public universities in Kenya

The purpose of the study is to explore whether there are significant differences between private and public universities in terms of market orientation components. The study examines whether there is a significant difference between customer focus, market intelligence, competitor orientation, inter-functional coordination and performance of universities in Kenya. Comparative studies on market orientation and performance of Public and Private Universities in Kenya, have been studied in many settings over the past several years and specifically none in Kenya. The research adopted descriptive research design on Public and Private Universities in Kenya. Primary data were collected from 115 respondents using a survey questionnaire administered to staff and students of both private and public universities in Kenya. Respondents were sampled using stratified sampling and purposive sampling method. Market intelligence generation, competitor orientation and inter-functional coordination are significant for both private and public universities, while customer orientation was insignificance in both universities. The results of the study indicate that there are significant similarities between private and public universities. In addition it implies that universities have embrace market oriented activities towards students’ satisfaction, students’ retention, student growth and increase of number of programmes. This paper puts forward market orientation practices which can inform policies and guide other academic institutions that would want to meet their students’ needs and services. The paper introduces the concept of market orientation for those institutions who may have not embrace the market-oriented practices in university sector in Kenya.

Association Between EEG Microarousal During Nocturnal Sleep and Next-Day Selective Attention in Mild Sleep-Restricted Healthy Undergraduates.

To explore whether sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) microarousals of different standard durations predict daytime mood and attention performance in healthy individuals after mild sleep restriction. Sixteen (nine female) healthy college students were recruited to examine the correlations between nocturnal EEG microarousals of different standard durations (≥3 s, ≥5 s, ≥7 s, ≥9 s) under mild sleep restriction (1.5 h) and the following morning's subjective alertness, mood, sustained attention, and selective attention task performance. Results revealed that mild sleep restriction significantly reduced subjective alertness and positive mood, while having no significant effect on negative mood, sustained attention and selective attention performance. The number of microarousals (≥5 s) was negatively associated with positive mood at 6:30. The number of microarousals was significantly and positively correlated with the response time difference value of disengagement component of the selective attention task at around 7:30 (≥5 s and ≥7 s) and 9:00 (≥5 s). The number of microarousals (≥7 s) was significantly and positively correlated with the inaccuracy difference value of orientation component of the selective attention task at around 9:00. The number of EEG microarousals during sleep in healthy adults with mild sleep restriction was significantly and negatively related to their daytime positive affect while positively associated with the deterioration of disengagement and orientation of selective attention performance, but this link is dependent on the standard duration of microarousals, test time and the type of task.