Component Of Human Well-being Research Articles

Progress and challenges for the establishment of a sustainable blue economy in Chiloe (Chile): Exploring the connections of a socio-ecological system

The use of coastal-marine resources is currently based on an unsustainable development model that leads to deterioration of the environment and consequent reductions in economic activities and the well-being of coastal societies. According to the conceptual framework provided by the sustainable blue economy model, this paper evaluates the effects of anthropogenic activities on the ecosystem services (ESs) of the coastal areas of the island and the sea of Chiloe, an archipelago located in Chilean Patagonia. It also analyzes how the degradation of the environment ultimately affects the economy itself and human well-being. The methodology employed is based on the construction of three matrices that connect 12 economic activities identified in the study area, with three ESs groupings (provisioning, regulating, and cultural) and four components of human well-being (security, material assets, health, and social relations). The impacts are assessed using four categories: high impact (3), moderate impact (2), low impact (1), and positive impact (0). The results reflect the domination of economic sectors that negatively affect the environment, among which salmon farming, the main activity in Chiloe, stands out. In contrast, small-scale fishing has been the highest evaluated sector, largely because of the new management instruments that have been developed in Chile. The establishment of a sustainable blue economy in Chiloe requires the application of sustainability standards –such as those proposed for small-scale fisheries– in the sectors that generate the most socio-ecological impacts.

Regional comparison of the structure of human well-being related to ecosystem services in coastal areas of Japan: possible effect of anxiety unique to the ria coast

People living in coastal areas have the advantage of accessing a high level of ecosystem services, but are also exposed to the dangers inherent in living by the sea in an area prone to natural disasters. To achieve sustainable utilization of the high ecosystem services of coastal areas, establishment of an effective marine policy based on regional characteristics of human–nature interactions is essential. We compared the structure of perceived satisfaction for five components of human well-being (‘Security’, ‘Basic material for a good life’, ‘Good social relations’, ‘Health’, and ‘Freedom of choice and action’) derived from coastal ecosystem services among three sites in Japan (Wakasa, Sanriku, and Shima) that share the same natural and social backgrounds: highly dependent on fisheries industry, located in the same climate regime (temperate zone), and have similar topographical features (ria coast). Structural equation modeling using the results from questionnaire surveys showed that the three sites shared a common basic structure of the interactions among the five components of human well-being. However, the intensity of interactions among components differed among the three sites. Questionnaire surveys on anxiety about natural disasters and future access to marine ecosystem services were simultaneously conducted at the three sites. The site-specific anxieties were responsible for the difference in the interactions among the five components of human well-being. We propose a method that quantitatively evaluates both positive (satisfaction) and negative (anxiety) aspects of respondents’ subjective assessment as a useful tool for understanding the diversity of human–nature interactions caused by the region-specific natural and social backgrounds of coastal areas.

Nursing students' perceived attitudes toward addressing sexual health in their future profession: A longitudinal quantitative study

BackgroundSexual health is a necessary component of human wellbeing. Nurses espouse holistic care but in practice often overlook a person's sexual health. Disparities linked to sexual health persist nationally and globally, including those among gender and sexual minorities. Inconsistent sexual health curriculum in nurse education in the United States has led to gaps in learning. This study aimed to understand nursing students' attitudes toward addressing sexual health issues in their future profession during an Associate of Science in Nursing program in the United States. MethodsA convenience sample of Associate of Science in Nursing students from a university voluntarily participated in this longitudinal quantitative study. All eligible students enrolled in the first semester completed the Students' Attitudes Toward Addressing Sexual Health instrument. Summary statistics and Pearson r correlation were used to analyze the data. ResultsThe 159 students were relatively young, female, and White, non-Hispanic. The total score of students' attitudes toward addressing sexual health was 83.48, ranging from 41 to 109. Regarding the positively loaded items of the Students' Attitudes Toward Addressing Sexual Health, the results showed students believed they would have too much to do for handling sexual issues (M = 4.44), need to get basic knowledge about sexual health (M = 4.31), and take time to deal with patients' sexual issues (M = 4.24). ConclusionIn this study, nursing students reported positive attitudes toward addressing sexual health in their future profession but acknowledged they would need basic education. Due to the homogeneity of participants' backgrounds, the generalizability of study results might be limited. It is suggested that nurse educators should develop an innovative curriculum for building students' competence and prepare graduates to deliver sexual health care for meeting a person's health needs.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ВОЗРАСТА И ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ УЛЫБКИ НА ЖИЗНЕННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЧЕЛОВЕКА

Subject. A person's individuality depends on the peculiarities of his behavior in the conditions of modern life realities of society, his way of thinking and his communication skills. All the features of human behavior are interconnected, but some of them, in our opinion, play the most decisive role in life, in particular the appearance of a person. The dental status, namely, the ideal smile, is taken into account not only as a dentofacial composition, but also determines the special role of the aesthetic aspect of orthopedic rehabilitation, which is an integral part of the form of individual and collective life activity of a modern person. Thus, the study of aesthetic problems remains especially relevant dental care being provided to the dental patients.
 The aim is to study the relationship between the influence of age and aesthetic parameters of a smile on the sociability of patients.
 Methodology. Our study involved 30 male and female patients aged 30 to 40 years. We conducted the main (collecting anamnesis, study of diagnostic models) and additional (analysis of the results of the assessment of the dental aesthetic index (DAI)) research methods and questionnaires according to the V.F. Ryakhovsky test "Assessment of the level of sociability".
 The results of the study. Analysis of the results of the study allows us to conclude that 50% of patients from the examination group of the age category of 30-40 years have severe and very severe malocclusion, which directly affects the harmony of the smile. People smile less, they are embarrassed to speak, communication efficiency is not high, thus one of the conditions for building a successful career is not achieved. 
 Conclusions. Having completed our research, we came to the conclusion that the age of the studied patients and the state of the dental system affect people's communication efficacy. Thus, dental health has a significant impact to the components of human well-being.

PHILOSOPHICAL AND AXIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF LABOUR PEDAGOGY IN SCIENTIFIC VISIONS OF POLISH SCIENTISTS

The review article substantiates that the European Union, in particular Poland, implements a policy of social cohesion based on four components of human well-being that are important for the functioning of societies; it recognizes human rights and democracy as the basis of their organization: fair and equal access, individual (and collective) dignity, individual autonomy and participation in community life. The concept of social unity is based on the philosophical and axiological principles of labour pedagogy aimed at overcoming marginalization, social exclusion, and social discrimination of the individual.The phenomenon of work is characterized based on interdisciplinary analysis of philosophy, psychology, sociology, economics, ergonomics, praxeology, physics, biology, and pedagogy; it might allow concluding about its importance as a value category of cognitive, ethical, aesthetic, activity development of personality. The conceptual principles of defining the phenomenon of labour from the standpoint of materialist and humanistic theory of philosophy are generalized. The axiocultural aspect of the interpretation of labour as a factor that creates a person is essential. It performs ontological and creative functions of theirlives, which is manifested in the theory of labour psychology, which provides psychosocial conditions for human functioning in the work environment, including interpersonal relationships in the theory of sociology. Labour, which takes into account the substantive and organizational aspects of labour that affect the formation of professional relations, providing conditions for freedom of individual expression, freedom of participation in the economic life of society.

Cyberphysical Human Sexual Behavior Acquisition System (SeBA): Development and Implementation Study in China.

BackgroundSexual health is one of the principal components of human well-being. Traditional methods for observing human sexual behavior typically adopt manual intervention approaches (eg, interviews). However, the data obtained by such traditional approaches suffer from intrinsic bias and limited sample sizes. Sexual behavioral data that are more reflective of the actual situation can be collected by equipping sex toys with sensors.ObjectiveTo address the limitations of traditional human sexual behavior data observation methods, a novel cyberphysical system is proposed to capture natural human sexual behavior data in China at the nationwide level.MethodsA cyberphysical human sexual behavior acquisition system (SeBA) was designed and implemented. SeBA jointly utilizes state of the art information and communication technologies such as smart sex toys, smartphones, and mobile social networks. Smart sex toys enable objective collection of data on human sexual behavior, while the mobile social network provides the possibility of partnered sex in a cyberphysical manner. The objectives and function settings are discussed, and the overall framework of the system architecture is presented.ResultsOperation and privacy policies are proposed and the technical solution of SeBA is described. The effectiveness of SeBA was verified based on analysis of users’ human sexual behavior data collected from January 2016 to June 2017. A total of 103,424 solo sexual behaviors were recorded involving 13,047 users, and 61,007 partnered sexual behaviors from 7,140 users were observed. The proportions of males and females in the solo and partnered sex groups were fairly consistent with recent statistics on unmarried individuals in China. We also found that only a small portion of individuals provided information on at least one other attribute besides the required input of gender, such as age, height, location, job, sex preferences, purposes, and interests.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze objective human sexual behavior data at the nationwide level. Although the data are restricted to China, this study can provide insight for further research on human sexual behavior based on the huge amount of data available from wireless smart sex toys worldwide. It is anticipated that findings from such objective big data analyses can help deepen our understanding of sexual behavior, as well as improve sexual health and sexual wellness.

The role of green infrastructures in Italian cities by linking natural and social capital

Urban growth causes numerous threats to human well-being, as a consequence of the loss and degradation of urban and peri-urban green spaces. This research aims to investigate the possible role of green infrastructures (GIs), as providers of ecosystem services, in enhancing urban well-being in the 116 Italian provincial capital cities. The analysis has been based on the conceptual model proposed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) (2005) to explain how the four categories of ecosystem services (supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural) and the components of human well-being are interrelated. In order to perform the assessment, the most suitable indicators of social capital and green infrastructures have been identified from the panel of indices and indicators provided by national official statistics. The corresponding analysis has highlighted that northern Italian cities are characterized by simple but well-managed green infrastructures and wooded areas, with the highest level of social cohesion and inclusion associated with a high value of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. The southern part of the country is characterized mainly by “Historical greens” and high levels of health and social security but low levels of income, social inclusion and cohesion. This research represents a first attempt to link the different typologies of green infrastructures with the provision of ecosystem services. Given the recognized contribution of GIs in preserving natural habitats in an urban context, the SLOSS (single large or several small) debate, typically applied for conservation purposes, could also be appropriate for GIs. Therefore, it could be necessary to investigate whether fewer large nature preserves (large urban parks), or a patchwork of smaller green areas can better enhance human well-being in an urban context.

Satisfaction with life and its determinants in the group of patients with ulcerative colitis

Abstract Introduction. Satisfaction with life and its determinants are components of human well-being, which the individual assesses in the area of quality of life, based on the own adopted criteria. Of particular interest is the recognition of these factors in people who are struggling with chronic diseases such as ulcerative colitis. Aim. The aim of the work was to get to know the level of life satisfaction as well as its determinants such as acceptance of the disease and generalized self-efficacy of patients with ulcerative colitis. Material and methods. The prospective study included 102 patients with diagnosed ulcerative colitis, who were tested for the level of life satisfaction and the level of disease acceptance and generalized self-efficacy. Descriptive statistics, parametric and nonparametric tests were used for data analysis. Correlation analyzes for variables expressed in ordinal scales were made using r-Pearson correlation. Significance was assumed at the level of p <0.05. Results. The level of life satisfaction, acceptance of the disease and generalized self-efficacy in the subjects were reduced. The level of life satisfaction was dependent on the level of self-efficacy and acceptance of the disease. The level of life satisfaction of the respondents correlated with the generalized own effectiveness and acceptance of the disease. A higher level of life satisfaction was obtained by respondents with a higher level of disease acceptance and convinced of effective coping with difficult situations. Men presented better results than women. Conclusions. Satisfaction with life and its determinants in patients with ulcerative colitis were reduced. The respondents with vocational education achieved lower results than those with secondary and higher education. Women presented lower variable levels than men. The level of satisfaction was dependent on the acceptance of the disease and on the generalized own effectiveness.

Структура якості життя населення

Purpose : to formate the conceptual life quality model that defines the basic components of human well-being. Material and Methods: theoretical analysis, scientific and methodical literaturedata generalization, sociological and statistical methods. The 300 youth respondents , 98 adults of first mature age, 290 adults of second mature age and 150 elderly people were surveyed. Results : objective and subjective component was selected in life quality; the basic components of life quality was identified. Conclusions : physical component, psychological component, social activity, material component, development and identity, environment are the basic components of quality of life

Rousseaus Kritik der ökonomischen Ungleichheit

Abstract This paper reconstructs Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s position on the limits of legitimate economic inequality as presented in his Second Discourse. It argues that, although Rousseau’s position is egalitarian in that it places severe limits on permissible inequalities, he values economic equality instrumentally, not for its own sake but only as a means for promoting freedom and for securing the social conditions that make recognition, a central component of human well-being, available to all. The paper articulates the conception of freedom at work in Rousseau’s view (freedom as the absence of domination), showing both how his conception differs from Philip Pettit’s and how John Rawls’s conception of justice could be enriched by according greater importance to Rousseau’s concerns about economically caused forms of domination.

Sexual health knowledge and training in a child and adolescent mental health setting

ABSTRACTSexual health is a core component of human well-being. This mixed-methods study (N = 158) assessed mental health clinicians’ sexual health knowledge, attitudes, values, clinical behaviors, and training. Findings pertaining to sexual health knowledge, clinical behaviors, and specific sexual health training are reported. The study found that while many clinicians scored well on the sexual health knowledge scale, most did not discuss sexual health with clients. Additional findings were that the majority of participants believed sexual health should be an important clinical focus, but most did not receive training pertaining to sexual health topics. Reasons for not discussing sexual health will be discussed and implications for training and practice are explored.

Vulnerability of rural livelihoods to multiple stressors: A case study from the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh

The coastal area of Bangladesh has been a focus of climate change and hazard research due to its extreme vulnerability to tropical cyclones, often leading to disaster. While there have been recent studies on the nature of these disasters, people's vulnerability and responses, little is known about how other key stresses, interacting with these extreme weather events, impact natural resources and the flow of ecosystem services that sustain local livelihoods. In this paper, we explore the process by which major stresses and hazards shape the vulnerability of people's livelihoods in dynamic social-ecological environments in the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data from a case study, we identify the key drivers of change in social-ecological systems and evaluate whether these drivers have affected livelihood outcomes and various components of human wellbeing. This analysis suggests that increasing salinity intrusion, tropical cyclone and land-use change (directly and through changes in ecosystem services) affect the access to livelihood assets at household scale. This undermines social wellbeing by seriously impacting food and water security. Through identification of key stresses and their interactions, and the consequent impacts on ecosystems services and household capitals, the current study proposes a conceptual framework to understand the present day vulnerability to multiple stressors in the context of the coastal region of Bangladesh.

A guiding framework for ecosystem services monetization in ecological–economic modeling

Monetary valuation techniques are often used for evaluating the effect of a change in ecosystem services on components of human wellbeing, even though they face several drawbacks. This paper seeks to reconcile monetary valuation techniques with methods that address ecosystem–economy interactions by developing a guiding framework that limits the use of monetary valuation to various market simulations. Simulations of scenarios of environmental measures are carried out with a semi-dynamic hybrid input–output model. The guiding framework ensures that monetary valuation techniques contribute to the understanding of the impact of economic activities on changes in ecosystems services and the feedback impact of these changes on economic activities. The framework operates according to three criteria: (i) the category of ecosystem components (intermediate products, ecosystem services, benefits obtained from the ecosystem), (ii) existence of a market, intention to exchange or possibility for restoration or preservation, and (iii) direct/indirect monetary valuation techniques. The methodology is then tested with a case-study.

Humans and Nature: How Knowing and Experiencing Nature Affect Well-Being

Ecosystems provide many of the material building blocks for human well-being. Although quantification and appreciation of such contributions have rapidly grown, our dependence upon cultural connections to nature deserves more attention. We synthesize multidisciplinary peer-reviewed research on contributions of nature or ecosystems to human well-being mediated through nontangible connections (such as culture). We characterize these connections on the basis of the channels through which such connections arise (i.e., knowing, perceiving, interacting with, and living within) and the components of human well-being they affect (e.g., physical, mental and spiritual health, inspiration, identity). We found enormous variation in the methods used, quantity of research, and generalizability of the literature. The effects of nature on mental and physical health have been rigorously demonstrated, whereas other effects (e.g., on learning) are theorized but seldom demonstrated. The balance of evidence indicates conclusively that knowing and experiencing nature makes us generally happier, healthier people. More fully characterizing our intangible connections with nature will help shape decisions that benefit people and the ecosystems on which we depend.

Marginalization as non-contribution

This paper examines the phenomenon of marginalization through the lens of the relatively neglected concept of contribution. It argues that the opportunity to contribute positively to others’ lives is an important component of human well-being which promotes the goods of meaning, self-respect and reliance. Where individuals enjoy that opportunity, they are on that account less marginalized. Contributory practices channelled through publicly recognized median institutions (between the state and the personal sphere) are especially valuable.

The correlates of subjective overall security

This paper deals with an important component of human wellbeing, which has been traditionally disregarded by the economic discourse: the individual’s perception of his/her overall security. We study this feature within the framework of the economics of happiness. We argue that subjective security is a multi-dimensional psychological asset and briefly discuss its substantial neglect by the economic literature (Section 1). In Section 2, we make the case for the economics of happiness approach, which we apply using data from a representative survey (described in Section 3). Multivariate analyses (Sections 4 to 6) confirm that perceived individual life security is a multidimensional item: its main correlates can be classified as economic, relational, environmental and value-related. This supports the hypothesis that some compensation is possible among different dimensions of security. Structural differences emerge between gender groups.

ADVERTISING – THE UNINVITED GUEST

In a recent article in this journal (‘Some Contrarian Reflections On Advertising’, Think, Spring 2010, 47–50.) Professor Tibor Machan defends advertising from those who find that it is ‘anything but honorable’. According to Machan advertising is not merely honorable, but also natural, a virtual paradigm of cooperative behavior, and an essential component of human well-being. ‘If human life is a value, advertising is a value. It is a positive good.’ Machan concedes that sometimes people exposed to advertising make foolish choices, but that is explained by their lack of prudence, not any fault of advertisers. He also appeals to our sense of fair play: advertisers are like us – people trying to earn a living, and even issues a veritable cri de coeur: Who among us hasn't tried to promote a book we've written?

Moral accountability: motives for corporate social responsibility

Social well-being has been considered an institutional construct based on choices by economic and political concerns over how to alleviate disparities in production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. These choices may be based on moral, as well as economic, concerns. This seems to imply a sense of responsibility which may, but not necessarily, fall to corporate decision makers concerned with the workings of an economic market. These decision makers are driven by a variety of motives. My primary interest is in the components of human well-being, the design of institutions that seek to realise, among many goals, the notion of social responsibility, and what motivates these types of decision makers.