Components Of Electrical Equipment Research Articles

Terminals and Connector Inspection Innovation using Machine Vision

Customer demands for product quality that are increasingly complex and require more accurate inspection are not sufficient if done manually due to high costs and different operator precision. To solve this problem, automatic vision inspection was created to check the product quality of terminal-type electronic components. Machine Vision is robust equipment for examining electrical components, agroindustry, surface mounting technology industry, plastic industry, and glass industry. In this research, the design and application of machine vision are used to inspect terminals and connectors, supporting automotive and electrical equipment components. Machine vision checks three quality functions, namely structural quality, surface quality, and dimensional quality. Optimization of image capture using backlighting and darkfield lighting. Implementing machine vision is carried out by verifying image retrieval's stability using a gage study with the results that there is no measurement bias.

Nondestructive Evaluation of Composite Bonding Structure Used in Electrical Insulation Based on Active Infrared Thermography.

Nondestructive testing and evaluation of composite insulating components of electrical equipment is extremely necessary for assuring the safety of a power system. However, most existing nondestructive testing methods are not applicable for fast and effective live detection due to their time-consuming operation, high cost, and contact or near-field measurement. In this work, the effectiveness of active infrared thermography was investigated for detecting defects in silicone rubber (SIR)–fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) bonding structures, which have been commonly used in insulating components of power equipment. The effectiveness of differential thermal image for enhancing the contrast of defective and sound areas and eliminating additive noise was demonstrated. Particularly, frame difference thermal image obtained by subtracting two differential thermal images extracting from respectively before and after the contrast inversion was proposed to enhance defect identification. The results revealed that defects of various sizes and depths such as voids, cracks, and interface disbonding of the SIR–FRP bonding structure were accurately detected by thermographic data. With the advantages of a quick and simple process, safety, universal applicability, visual results, far-field measurement, and quantitative defect estimation capabilities, active infrared thermography would be quite promising for live detection of electrical equipment.

АНАЛІЗ РЕЖИМУ РОБОТИ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЇ МЕРЕЖІ З РОЗРОБКОЮ ЗАХОДІВ ПО КОМПЕНСАЦІЇ РЕАКТИВНОЇ ПОТУЖНОСТІ

The article identifies the main measures for energy saving, among which the need to develop and implement methods and devices for reactive power compensation. It was noted that the sign of energy systems of industrial enterprises is irrational management of reactive power flows, the presence of a wide range of harmonic oscillations in the network, violation of temperature modes of individual components of electrical equipment, which leads to reduced equipment life, increased costs. The main reasons for the low value of the power factor in energyintensive industries are the presence and use in technological processes of a large number of induction motors, the power factor of which according to passport data is 0.8 under nominal operating conditions. It is noted that in practice there are often cases when the engines run in modes other than nominal - they are underloaded or overloaded, there are frequent starts of engines under load and their long operation at idle. These modes of operation of induction motors are characterized by an increased level of reactive power. The low value of the power factor leads to increased losses in the conductors, which are directly proportional to the "square" of reactive power, which requires the use of conductors of increased cross-sectional area. The paper proposed design solutions for energy saving in existing technological schemes of power supply: by analyzing the existing situation and calculating the real value of the power factor were calculated and selected reactive power compensation units.

INFLUENCE OF LOCATION OF ONE AND MULTIPLE ANTENNAS ON CAPACITY OF C2C COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Due to the variety of existing and future wireless services, the number of antennas installed on a vehicle is constantly increasing. However, due to design limitations or the addition of more components of electrical equipment, the number of user-friendly antenna positions is reduced. To ensure stable data connections or even higher data rates with the remaining installation space, a possible solution is to use multiple antenna systems. This document discusses and evaluates 16 possible positions of antennas for communication between cars (C2C). The radiation pattern of all antennas is determined by the antenna synthesis maximization method, which takes into account real-world limitations such as space availability, transmission power, number and location of antennas. Channel bandwidth is used to compare different settings. This bandwidth is calculated using virtual disks based on typical application scenarios. The results of this study show which antenna positions and which combinations of antenna positions are most suitable for communication between C2C. Additional time and cost constraints, as well as an increase in the range of products for the automotive industry and a large number of degrees of freedom for the multi-purpose antenna necessitate the use of advanced modeling models and design strategies. Thus, this is the starting point for this work. Here is presented and used a technique that allows you to optimize single and multiple antenna systems. The main purpose of the proposed synthesis is to optimize the radiation profiles of antennas based on constraints specific to vehicles. For antenna design, this document identifies different scenarios based on typical C2C security scenarios. The simulation is carried out in a typical worst case in urban and rural areas or on highways.

ABC and HML-methods application for determination and optimization of stock for electrical equipment accessory parts

THE PURPOSE. To describe the use of ABC and HML-methods for predicting the volume of emergency stock for main electrical equipment accessory parts. To describe the content of the methods, consider the problems and complexity of use. To propose an algorithm constructing a new method for forming an emergency stock based on the statistical data of an electric power company. METHODS. Various practical tasks can arise in electric power company. We have determined the most effective method for solving them using a numerical experiment. The highest efficiency of the ABC method is shown. The results of statistical processing will help to improve forecast precision using the ABC-method. RESULTS. The complex of statistical data and ABC-analysis showed high efficiency in short-term forecasting of electrical equipment components emergency stocks. Authors found that HML-analysis provides less precision in predicting the requirement of equipment. CONCLUSION. The ABC method is the most promising for implementation the specific task. The use of the method helps to accurately predict emergency stocks of company electrical equipment. The HML-method does not allow to precision planing the amount of required equipment.

ABC and HML-methods application for determination and optimization of stock for electrical equipment accessory parts

THE PURPOSE. To describe the use of ABC and HML-methods for predicting the volume of emergency stock for main electrical equipment accessory parts. To describe the content of the methods, consider the problems and complexity of use. To propose an algorithm constructing a new method for forming an emergency stock based on the statistical data of an electric power company. METHODS. Various practical tasks can arise in electric power company. We have determined the most effective method for solving them using a numerical experiment. The highest efficiency of the ABC method is shown. The results of statistical processing will help to improve forecast precision using the ABC-method. RESULTS. The complex of statistical data and ABC-analysis showed high efficiency in short-term forecasting of electrical equipment components emergency stocks. Authors found that HML-analysis provides less precision in predicting the requirement of equipment. CONCLUSION. The ABC method is the most promising for implementation the specific task. The use of the method helps to accurately predict emergency stocks of company electrical equipment. The HML-method does not allow to precision planing the amount of required equipment.

Intellectual diagnosis components of electrical equipment in the sphere of transportation

Ensuring the reliability of the electrical equipment in transport means a necessity of its inspection and diagnosis. Frequency convertors are part of this equipment. The article is focused on creation of the optimal logical algorithm for frequency convertors diagnosis. The algorithm determines the most effective knowledge base structure of the diagnostic expert system. The algorithm is developed, the knowledge base structure is constructed in accordance with the proposed algorithm, and the diagnostic expert system used is implemented. Correctness and effectiveness of the expert system functioning are confirmed in practice.

Image processing in fault identification for power equipment based on improved super green algorithm

In this study, we propose using an unmanned aerial vehicle infrared thermal imager to obtain infrared video, and using image processing technology to process the acquired video. Moreover, based on research regarding traditional algorithms, an improved super green algorithm is proposed, and a feature analysis is conducted according to the actual situation. In this study, an effective identification model was designed for the most common types of faults, the most common electrical equipment components for research were collected, tests for analyzing the effectiveness of the algorithm were designed, and relevant data and images were recorded. The research shows that the proposed algorithm has validity, and can provide a theoretical reference for subsequent related research.

Microgrid Equivalent Modeling Based on Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network

Models of electrical equipment components are the basis of the transient stability studies of power system with multi-microgrids. Microgrid is a small local power system contains different electrical components which connected into distribution network through the Point of Common Couple(PCC). In order to simplify the grid-connect model of microgrid in power system stability study, a data-driven equivalent modeling method for microgrid based on Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) recurrent neural network is proposed in this paper. LSTM recurrent neural network is the state-of-the-art models for a variety machine learning problems, and the dynamic behaviors of microgrid under grid-connect mode are presented by the LSTM recurrent neural network. The training data set should contain the dynamic behaviors of all components, the current and power of PCC are collected as the training data set during the faults for the parameter estimation of LSTM. Based on the measurement data set, a LSTM recurrent neural network structure with four inputs and two outputs is designed. During the training process, the real and imaginary parts of the current at present and previous time are taken as the input of the network, and errors of the output active and reactive power between equivalent model and detailed model of microgrid is taken as the evaluation index of the equivalent model method. An AC microgrid contains different distributed generations and load is built in DIgSILENT, and the accuracy of the proposed method is verified by comparing the equivalent model with the original detailed system.

Uticaji procesa reinžinjeringa elektroopreme traktora na konkurentsku prednost

The central role and the most important role, excluding the instability and occurrence of crisis business that come from outside the company have processes in the company. In order to maintain a position in a competitive market, it is necessary to define and implement business reengineering business processes in the enterprise. Given that modern technologies have an irreplaceable position in all business processes, it is necessary for manufacturers to adapt to emerging situations. In modern business conditions, tractor and engine manufacturers should provide alternative combinations of replacement of existing tractor equipment with suitable, which supports different applications using the same or new sensors. This implies extensive testing of samples of electrical equipment prior to installation, according to prescribed procedures and methodology. On the basis of the obtained results and defined technical-functional characteristics, an assessment of the usability of the examined sample and the system as a whole is formed. As business processes of reengineering require subprocesses and new procedures, the necessary laboratory tests and experimental research are carried out. Companies that use their resources best use their resources with their processes, achieving a competitive advantage that results in superior value creation. The results obtained lead to the acquisition of additional values ie the design of a new or redesigned product with a modern electrical appliance and a modern design. Advanced technologies for tractor electrical equipment aim to contribute to the overall quality of the tractor and enable the operator of the tractor to be efficient, comfortable, safe and safe in traffic. This paper gives a part of the exploitation research of the existing electrical equipment and laboratory testing of the functionality of the modern steering column with the associated sensor. The aim of these tests is to search for the alternatives of the electrical equipment components. The contribution of this type of test is uncertain as it ensures the quality of agricultural tractors and increases the competitive advantage. At the same time, it allows manufacturers of electrical equipment to improve the characteristics of their products.

Development of improved standard electrical equipment components through industry — AEC cooperation

Research programs often require conventional electrical equipment components of exceptional performance characteristics. These are generally obtained by awarding a research and development contract. To avoid the usual difficulties of R&D contracts (high cost, delay, proprietary rights, patents, etc.) the Electronics Engineering Department of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory achieves such high-performance units by competitive, fixed-price purchase of several experimental components produced according to specified improvements in design or fabrication.