Herbal Components Research Articles

Chandraprabha Vati: A Timeless Elixir in Ayurvedic Medicine

Ayurveda is one of the types of medication which is largely based on plant drugs. It includes wider indications For health. Rasa Aushadhi is highly essential in Ayurveda because it is rejuvenating, long-acting, and works Even in minute quantities. Chandraprabha Vati is an ancient formulation used with a wide range of medicinal Activities, and it is a herbo-mineral preparation. It has a wide range of action and is recommended for all Diseases such as tumors, reproductive problems, urinary tract problems, hemorrhoids, and diabetes. There are A few formulas that exist under the name Chandraprabha Vati. Besides being a Rasayana, Balya, and Tridosha Shamaka, it speeds up the process. As it cures all types of disorders, be it male or female reproductive health Problems, it is called Sarvaroga Pranashini. Some studies have been done on reducing blood pressure and Blood sugar. As a Rasayana, it develops immunity and power. This research collects and analyzes numerous Chandraprabha Vati formulations from the ancient texts and describes their ingredients, dosages, applications, And actions. Chandraprabha Vati is mainly used for the treatment of kidney stones. The herbal components of This formulation possess the properties of diuretics, antioxidants, detoxifying principles, and anti- Inflammatory agents. The paper discusses Chandraprabha Vati in the clinical practice relating to renal calculus Disease, a very common uropathy caused due to the formation of solid aggregates in the kidney

Immune-related gene characterization and biological mechanisms in major depressive disorder revealed based on transcriptomics and network pharmacology

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by complex etiology, with genetic determinants that are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of MDD and to explore its association with the immune system by identifying hub biomarkers using bioinformatics analyses and examining immune infiltrates in human autopsy samples.MethodsGene microarray data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE32280, GSE76826, GSE98793, and GSE39653. Our approach included differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to identify hub genes associated with MDD. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Cytoscape plugin CluGO, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were utilized to identify immune-related genes. The final selection of immune-related hub genes was determined through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression analysis and PPI analysis. Immune cell infiltration in MDD patients was analyzed using CIBERSORT, and correlation analysis was performed between key immune cells and genes. The diagnostic accuracy of the identified hub genes was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Furthermore, we conducted a study involving 10 MDD patients and 10 healthy controls (HCs) meeting specific criteria to assess the expression levels of these hub genes in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The Herbal Ingredient Target Database (HIT) was employed to screen for herbal components that target these genes, potentially identifying novel therapeutic agents.ResultsA total of 159 down-regulated and 51 up-regulated genes were identified for further analysis. WGCNA revealed 12 co-expression modules, with modules “darked”, “darkurquoise” and “light yellow” showing significant positive associations with MDD. Functional enrichment pathway analysis indicated that these differential genes were associated with immune functions. Integration of differential and immune-related gene analysis identified 21 common genes. The Lasso algorithm confirmed 4 hub genes as potential biomarkers for MDD. GSEA analysis suggested that these genes may be involved in biological processes such as protein export, RNA degradation, and fc gamma r mediated cytotoxis. Pathway enrichment analysis identified three highly enriched immune-related pathways associated with the 4 hub genes. ROC curve analysis indicated that these hub genes possess good diagnostic value. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) demonstrated significant expression differences of these hub genes in PBMCs between MDD patients and HCs. Immune infiltration analysis revealed significant correlations between immune cells, including Mast cells resting, T cells CD8, NK cells resting, and Neutrophils, which were significantly correlated with the hub genes expression. HIT identified one herb target related to IL7R and 14 targets related to TLR2.ConclusionsThe study identified four immune-related hub genes (TLR2, RETN, HP, and IL7R) in MDD that may impact the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder. By leveraging the GEO database, our findings contribute to the understanding of the relationship between MDD and immunity, presenting potential therapeutic targets.

A strategy for simple multi-component quantification and comprehensive quality consistency evaluation using fingerprinting technology in the case of Bazhen Yimu pill

Bazhen Yimu Pill is developed on the basis of the famous “Eight Treasures Soup”, which has the efficacy of treating weakness of spleen and stomach, deficiency of qi and blood, and other conditions. Since the drug consists of nine Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) with complex herbal components, quality control is difficult, so it is necessary to explore and innovate effective quality control methods. In this study, we firstly established a high-performance liquid chromatographic fingerprint for the markers (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, paeoniflorin and leonurine) in BZYMP using a reliable single-linear multiple-labeling (MAML) method for experimental accurate and rapid multi-component quantification. Subsequently, the systematic quantitative fingerprinting method (SQFM) was used to evaluate the HPLC fingerprints (HPLC-FP), ultraviolet quantum fingerprints (UV-QFP), and differential scanning quantum fingerprints (DSC-QFP) to obtain rich qualitative and quantitative fingerprint information. In order to improve the objectivity and rationality of the comprehensive evaluation results, the CVWM algorithm was used to perform fusion integration of HPLC-FP, UV-QFP and DSC-QFP. The results show that the quality grades after fusion integration are categorized into 1–8, and the fusion integration is more capable of evaluating the overall quality of BAYMP from multiple perspectives and levels than individual experiments. The quantitative analysis results of MAML are more accurate compared to SCM and QAMS. In this study, BZYMP was analyzed using multidimensional fingerprinting to provide a comprehensive and reliable method for quality consistency control of TCM and its preparations.

Plant resources for immunonutrients and immunomodulators to combat infectious respiratory viral diseases: a review.

Boosting the immune system has become a crucial aspect in the global battle against the COVID-19 pandemic and other similar infections to protect oneself against symptoms, especially in the prevention of viral infections of the lower respiratory tract. The importance of conducting more studies to create successful herbal formulations as infection prevention measures is emphasized in this review, which looks at the function of immune-boosting nutrients, medicinal plants, and herbal treatments. We reviewed and analyzed 207 studies published from 1946 to the present using reputable databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, and NCBI. The review examined 115 plant species in total and identified 12 key nutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, and zinc, while noting that four plant families, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Amaryllidaceae, and Acanthaceae, show potential against respiratory infections like influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV. To lower the risk of infection, it is recommended to consume nutritious meals that have immune-modulating qualities. Information on the bioactive components of medicinal herbs, spices, and plants that have been effective in treating respiratory viral infections and related conditions is compiled in this review, which highlights phytoactive substances with antibacterial and antiviral activity as effective modulators to lower the risk of infections. Furthermore, it is highlighted that ancient knowledge systems, like Ayurveda and Naturopathy, should be integrated to help develop new herbal formulations. To improve immunity and lessen vulnerability to serious respiratory infections, the results highlight the need for including immune-modulating foods and plant-based medicines into everyday routines.

Hotspots and trends in global antiviral herbal basic research: A visualization analysis

Introduction: Viral infections can become public health emergencies due to the possibility of the wide transmission of their associated pathogens and their rapid variation. Moreover, most viruses lack effective therapeutic drugs and vaccines. Herbal medicines have been clinically validated for their broad-spectrum antiviral properties and their ability to leverage their complex compositions to target multiple levels, pathways, and channels. In this study, we seek to assess the current global research landscape and identify current and future directions for research on antiviral herbal medicines to guide future pharmacological developments. Methods: Bibliometric and visualization methods were used to analyze 2134 Chinese-language and 4600 English-language journal articles published between 2017 and 2022 from both Chinese and international databases, and the theme words and foci of highly cited papers were analyzed. Results: It was found that coronaviruses (especially severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2), the influenza virus, the hepatitis B virus, and the human immunodeficiency virus were the primary targets for antiviral herbal medicines. Key herbs included Glycyrrhiza glabra, Lonicera japonica, Scutellaria baicalensis, Ephedra sinica, Forsythia suspensa, Agastache rugosa, Astragalus membranaceus, and Poria cocos. The primary active compounds known to be responsible for these antiviral effects are alkaloids, bioflavonoids, flavonoids, sterols, and polyphenols, including curcumin, quercetin, kaempferol, wogonin, stigmasterol, β-glutosterol, luteolin, coumarins, naringenin, gallic acid, berberine, and andrographolide. These compounds work through mechanisms such as inhibiting viral replication, blocking virus–receptor interactions, destroying viruses, regulating the immune response, oxidative stress induction, and cytokine response suppression. Conclusions: The research foci included the pharmacodynamic foundations, molecular dynamics simulation, and virtual screening of active components in herbs use for the treatment of viral diseases such as SARS-CoV-2 using bioinformatics, macromolecular docking, and network pharmacology. Significant gaps remain in interdisciplinary collaboration, especially regarding herb cultivation, processing, sustainable harvesting, and potential drug interactions.

Priming immunity via herbal components and their nanomedicines for the treatment of cancer

Recently, immunotherapy has redefined cancer treatment by promoting the rapid killing of tumor cells through the immune system. Herbal medicines have been increasingly used as adjunct therapies to complement cancer treatment along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy to delay tumor development, reduce pain, and prolong patient survival. However, the potential immunotherapeutic effects of these herbal derivatives are limited by their structural instability, poor membrane permeability, and low bioavailability. To address this issue, nanotechnology has been used to enhance the activity of active compounds. Therefore, this review focuses on the effectiveness of the active ingredients of herbal medicines in suppressing tumor progression by modulating both the innate and adaptive immune systems, challenges in their delivery, and the application of nanocarriers for the effective delivery of these herbal components.

Herbal Components for the Treatment of Liver Disorders: Advances and Prospective

Abstract: The situation is made worse by the absence of detailed treatment plans for liver disease, a dangerous illness. The current liver disease treatments are insufficient, and their long-term usage is prevented by systemic toxicity. Since the toxicity factor seems to be on the lower end of the spectrum, herbal remedies have been utilized for ages to treat liver ailments. This article focuses on providing insight into liver diseases along with the herbal components that are used nowadays for efficiently treating them. The given herbal components glycyrrhizin, quercetin, curcumin, silymarin, and Phyllantus niruri have proven to be efficacious in treating liver diseases with no or bare minimum side effects. The liver diseases discussed in this review article include alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, hemochromatosis as well and auto-immune hepatitis. After summarization, it is concluded that these herbal components are proven to be effective in the treatment of liver diseases, and various research as well as studies have been conducted for the same.

Investigating the Mechanism of Banxia Xiexin Decoction in Treating Gastritis and Diabetes Mellitus through Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis

Background: Banxia Xiexin decoration (BXD), a complex prescription in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), clinically acts as a treatment for gastritis and diabetes while its mechanism of treatment remains unknown. Objection: This study aimed to explore the common mechanism of BXD in treating gastritis and diabetes based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods: The seven Chinese herbal components and drug targets were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) for gastritis and diabetes using GeneCards, DisGeNET, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases. Common drug and disease targets were imported into the STRING data platform for protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software for network topology analysis, and core targets were filtered. Results: There were 124 components, 249 targets, 449 targets for gastritis, and 4005 targets for diabetes. After mapping, 83 BXD targets for gastritis and diabetes were obtained, and the targets with high correlation were STAT 3, JUN, TNF, IL-6, etc. More relevant targets were involved in the cancer pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway of diabetic complications, fluid shear stress, and atherosclerosis pathway. Conclusion: This study preliminarily reveals that BXD may play a role in the treatment of gastritis and diabetes mellitus through multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-pathways, and proposes some potential "component-target-pathway" hypotheses in light of previous reports.

An Overview of Commonly Used Natural Alternatives for the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia, with Special Emphasis on Rosemary Oil.

Androgenetic alopecia is a chronic dermatological condition in which genetically predisposed individuals undergo progressive hair loss secondary to the effects of circulating androgens. It has been well documented that dihydrotestosterone binds to the androgenic receptors prevalent in the scalp, thus inducing miniaturization of the hair follicle. To date, the only FDA approved medications for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia are finasteride and minoxidil. A plethora of studies have been conducted testing the efficacy of various herbal compounds, but additional research is needed to further establish the concrete efficacy of such natural remedies in treating androgenetic alopecia. Of late, rosemary oil has gained mass popularity as a promising natural alternative. This review article will not only provide a detailed background on this ancient herbal component but will additionally overview all other major herbal alternatives including peppermint oil, tea tree oil, green tea, pumpkin seed oil, saw palmetto, and lavender oil and will summarize the latest clinical studies, which have tested their efficacy for the management of androgenetic alopecia.

Combined administration of catalpol, puerarin, gastrodin, and borneol modulates the Tlr4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway and alleviates microglia inflammation in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide, with no effective treatment currently available. In recent decades, various traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and their active ingredients have shown the potential to attenuate the pathogenesis of AD in cellular and animal models. However, the effects of TCM formulas, which are typically administered in practice, have been less studied. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of several formulas consisting of 4 components herbal components: catalpol, puerarin, gastrodin, and borneol, on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced AD models in cells and rats. The new object recognition (NOR), elevated plus maze (EMP), and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were used to evaluate the cognitive functions of rats. Golgi staining, Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining, and Nissl staining analyses were employed assess the physiology of hippocampal tissues. Gene expression profiles were analyzed used transcriptomics and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, while protein expression levels were determined using immunoblotting, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence. The production of cytokines was evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results demonstrated that the combined administration of these 4 components (CPGB) had superior mitigating effects on AD cell model, as evidenced by the reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production and decreased deposition of Aβ protein. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that varying doses of CPGB formula effectively ameliorated STZ-induced cognitive deficits, as shown by NOR, MWM, and EMP tests, as well as pathological changes in hippocampal tissues and a 3-dimensional brain neurovascular unit (3D-NVU) model, including decreased deposition of Aβ protein and formation of plaques. Transcriptome sequencing and analysis identified 35 genes with significantly altered expression levels due to STZ and CPGB treatment in hippocampal tissues, which were enriched in the Tlr4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Interference with this pathway significantly influenced the therapeutic effects of CPGB in the 3D-NVU model. Collectively, these findings suggest that the combined administration of catalpol, puerarin, gastrodin, and borneol offers superior therapeutic effects on AD by modulating the Tlr4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway. This study strengthens the theoretical foundation for using TCMs to treat AD, proving new insights and references for alleviating and treating AD.

From complexity to clarity: development of CHM-FIEFP for predicting effective components in Chinese herbal formulas by using big data.

The presence of complex components in Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) hinders identification of the primary active substances and understanding of pharmacological principles. This study was aimed at developing a big-data-based, knowledge-driven in silico algorithm for predicting central components in complex CHM formulas. Network pharmacology (TCMSP) and clinical (GEO) databases were searched to retrieve gene targets corresponding to the formula ingredients, herbal components, and specific disease being treated. Intersections were determined to obtain disease-specific core targets, which underwent further GO and KEGG enrichment analyses to generate non-redundant biological processes and molecular targets for the formula and each component. The ratios of the numbers of biological and molecular events associated with a component were calculated with a formula, and entropy weighting was performed to obtain a fitting score to facilitate ranking and improve identification of the key components. The established method was tested on the traditional CHM formula Danggui Sini Decoction (DSD) for gastric cancer. Finally, the effects of the predicted critical component were experimentally validated in gastric cancer cells. An algorithm called Chinese Herb Medicine-Formula vs. Ingredients Efficacy Fitting & Prediction (CHM-FIEFP) was developed. Ferulic acid was identified as having the highest fitting score among all tested DSD components. The pharmacological effects of ferulic acid alone were similar to those of DSD. CHM-FIEFP is a promising in silico method for identifying pharmacological components of CHM formulas with activity against specific diseases. This approach may also be practical for solving other similarly complex problems. The algorithm is available at http://chm-fiefp.net/.

Potential antitumor effect of polysaccharides extracted from Polygonatum sibiricum on human prostate cancer PC‑3 cells.

Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP) are a traditional herbal medicine component with potential therapeutic effects on several diseases. The present study aimed to assess the role of PSP in the treatment of human prostate cancer using a PC-3 cell line by Cell CK-8, transwell and wound healing assays, then elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms by western blot and quantitative Real-time RT-PCR. Different concentrations of PSP were applied to PC-3 cells, and the proliferation, invasion and migration of PC-3 cells were demonstrated to be significantly inhibited with increasing concentrations of PSP. Additionally, cell apoptosis rate and expression of caspase-3 increased with higher PSP concentrations, and the cell cycle was arrested in the S phase. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the expression of the multidrug resistance-1 gene and its encoded protein P-glycoprotein in PC-3 cells decreased following PSP treatment, suggesting that PSP may have the potential to reverse multidrug resistance in PC-3 cells. The present study also evaluated the possible mechanism of PSP action on PC-3 cells. The results revealed that phosphorylated P65, PI3K and AKT decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. As key molecules in the NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, this finding suggests that the potential mechanism of the effect of PSP on prostate cancer cells may involve simultaneous mediation of the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. The present study demonstrated that PSP inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of PC-3 cells in vitro, as well as reverse MDR in these cells. The underlying mechanism may involve the simultaneous regulation of the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Polyphenols with anti-inflammatory activity isolated from the whole herbs of Delphinium forrestii var. Viride

Delphinium belongs to Ranunculaceae, which is widely distributed in Northwest China. In folk, this genus of plants has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and insecticidal effects. By studying non-alkaloid components in the whole herbs of Delphinium forrestii, we obtained a total of 11 compounds (1−11), including five new (1–5) and six known polyphenols (6–11). On the basis of chemical evidences and spectral data analysis (UV, Optical rotation data, 1D/2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS), the structures of new compounds were elucidated. The inhibitory effect of compounds 1–11 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells was detected. Compounds 4 and 11 showed significant inhibitory effects. This study indicated the presence of compounds with good anti-inflammatory activity among non-alkaloid components in the whole herbs of Delphinium forrestii.

Exploring the Potential Mechanisms of Danshen for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis based on Serum Pharmacochemistry, Gene Expression Profiling, and Network Pharmacology: Regulation of Cell Apoptosis and Inflammatory Response.

As a traditional Chinese medicine, Danshen shows potential efficacy for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the bioactive components and mode of action were unclear. This paper uses a combination of network pharmacology, serum medicinal chemistry, and gene expression profiling to clarify its possible molecular mechanism of action and material basis. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was utilized to analyze the herbal components and metabolites from the serum of Danshen-treated mice. Gene expression profiles were applied to construct a database of Danshen action targets. Then, active ingredient-target-biological functional module networks were constructed to analyze the mechanism of action. Molecular docking has further confirmed the possibility of its components to the targets. As a result, 193 common targets between 1684 Danshen-related DEGs and 1492 UC targets were determined as the potential targets for Danshen in treatment with UC. Serum pharmacochemistry and target prediction showed that 22 components in serum acted on 777 targets. Intersection with common targets yielded 46 core targets, and an active ingredienttarget- biological functional module network was constructed for analysis. Network prediction and molecular docking results showed that the main action modules were inflammatory response and cell apoptosis, which mainly acted on targets SRC, RELA, HSP90AA1, CTNNB1, STAT3, and CASP3. The main components of Danshen intervention in UC were predicted to include Catechol, 3,9-Dimethoxypterocarpan, 8-Prenylnaringenin, Isoferulic acid, Salvianolic acid C, and Danshensu. The present study provides a scientific foundation for further explicating the mechanisms of Danshen against UC.

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine compound "Chaihu Shugan Powder" in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome.

This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive and insightful review and analysis of the potential targets and corresponding pathways of Chaihu Shugan Powder (CSP) for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) using a network pharmacology approach. The review will encompass traditional applications, active ingredients of Chinese medicines, clinical applications, pharmacological mechanisms, and active ingredients. The active ingredients, pharmacological mechanisms, and clinical applications of the herbal ingredients in the CSP formulation were summarized by searching the literature, and the main signaling pathways of the CSP formulation for the treatment of PMS were identified by network pharmacological studies. CSP is a representative traditional Chinese medicine formula known for its liver detoxification properties and its effectiveness in alleviating depression. It is also recognized as one of the most widely used formulas for treating PMS. In this study, we systematically summarized the active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms of the 7 traditional Chinese medicine components present in CSP. Through network pharmacology analysis, we identified 75 common targets of CSP relevant to the treatment of PMS. These targets were predominantly concentrated within 17 specific signaling pathways, elucidating the potential molecular mechanisms underlying CSP's therapeutic effects on PMS. In this paper, we have reviewed CSP and PMS, investigated the potential targets and corresponding pathways of CSP for the treatment of PMS, and systematically summarized the active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms of 7 herbal components. In addition, 17 pathways of CSP for PMS were identified for future research and clinical application. However, the specific mechanism of action of CSP for the treatment of PMS is only based on literature and online pharmacological studies, and no basic or clinical experiments have been conducted. In addition, CSP has many components with complex and varied interactions, and the effects of certain compounds may be overlooked. Based on the present findings, it is beneficial to further explore the mechanism of action of the new effector compounds and the prospect of their application in basic research and clinical trials. In conclusion, the revelation of new effector compounds and mechanisms of action is conducive to the further clinical application of CSP, the discovery of new targets for PMS, and the modernization of Chinese medicine.

Nano-platform Strategies of Herbal Components for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review on the Battle for Next-Generation Formulations.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that initially affects small joints and then spreads to the bigger joints. It also affects other organs of the body such as lungs, eyes, kidneys, heart, and skin. In RA, there is destruction of cartilage and joints, and ligaments and tendons become brittle. Damage to the joints leads to abnormalities and bone degradation, which may be quite painful for the patient. The nano-carriers such as liposomes, phytosomes, nanoparticles, microcapsules, and niosomes are developed to deliver the encapsulated phytoconstituents to targeted sites for the better management of RA. The phytoconstituents loaded nano-carriers have been used in order to increase bioavailability, stability and reduce the dose of an active compound. In one study, the curcumin-loaded phytosomes increase the bioavailability of curcumin and also provides relief from RA symptoms. The drug-loaded nano-carriers are the better option for the management of RA. In conclusion, there are many anti-arthritic herbal and synthetic medicine available in the market that are currently used in the treatment of RA. However, chronic use of these medications may result in a variety of side effects. Because therapy for RA is frequently necessary for the rest of ones life. The use of natural products may be a better option for RA management. These phytoconstituents, however, have several disadvantages, including limited bioavailability, low stability, and the need for a greater dosage. These problems can be rectified by using nano-technology.

Integrated Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology Study on the Mechanism of Rehmanniae radix Extract for Treating Thrombosis.

Rehmanniae Radix (RR) has received attention for its antithrombotic effect. However, few studies have independently explored the bioactive components responsible for its antithrombotic bioactivity and the potential mechanism. We aimed to reveal the antithrombotic mechanisms of RR by using metabolomics integrated with network pharmacology. A thrombosis model was established by intraperitoneal injection of type I carrageenan in rats, and antithrombotic function was evaluated at different doses of RR. Metabolomics was used to identify the differential metabolites in the serum. Network pharmacology was then applied to identify the potential targets for the antithrombotic activity of the RR. An integrated network of metabolomics and network pharmacology was constructed using Cytoscape. Finally, key targets were verified using molecular docking. RR at 5.4 g/kg significantly alleviated the thrombosis. Thirteen potentially significant metabolites were involved in the therapeutic effects of RR against thrombosis, most of which were regulated for recovery after RR treatment. An integrated analysis of metabolomics and network pharmacology showed that the antithrombosis effect of RR was closely associated with the regulation of PLA2G2A, PTGS1, ALOX5, and CYP2C9. Molecular docking showed high affinity between the key targets and components of RR. We speculated that the components of RR, such as catalpol, ferulic acid methyl ester, and methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate, might act on key proteins, including PLA2G2A, PTGS1, and ALOX5, to exert antithrombosis effects. This study confirmed the antithrombotic effect of high-dose RR, revealed the antithrombotic mechanism and potential material basis, and laid the foundation for the antithrombotic clinical application of RR. Furthermore, it provides a successful case reference for screening natural herbal components and exploring their potential pharmacological mechanisms.

Herbal Amara extract induces gastric fundus relaxation via inhibition of the M2 muscarinic receptor.

Impaired gastric accommodation is one of the most frequent symptoms of functional dyspepsia. The safety and efficacy of conventional treatments remain to be proven and alternative herbal therapies have been proposed to alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms. This preclinical study examined the role of herbal Amara extract (containing Artemisia absinthium, Centaurium erythraea, Cichorium intybus, Gentiana lutea, Juniperus communis, Achillea millefolium, Peucedanum ostruthium, Salvia officinalis, and Taraxacum extracts) on gastric (fundus) accommodation and the possible implication of muscarinic receptors in its regulation. The effect of Amara extract on fundus motility was investigated in organ baths of smooth muscle strips isolated from the fundus of guinea pigs, and the role of the muscarinic receptor pathway was evaluated using functional and radioligand binding assays in cell lines expressing the M2 or M3 muscarinic receptor. Amara extract inhibited carbachol-induced contraction of guinea pig smooth muscle strips in a dose-dependent manner. This relaxant effect was not affected by the M3 antagonist J-104129. Amara extract also inhibited M2, but not M3, receptor activity in CHO-K1 cells (IC50 219 μg mL-1), and specifically bound the M2 receptor (IC50 294 μg mL-1). Of the nine herbal components of Amara extract, Juniperus communis, P. ostruthium, and Salvia officinalis inhibited M2 receptor activity (IC50 32.0, 20.8, and 20.1 μg mL-1, respectively), and P. ostruthium was sufficient to reverse carbachol-induced exvivo contraction of guinea pig fundic smooth muscles. Amara extract relaxes gastric smooth muscles by inhibiting the M2 muscarinic receptor. This study suggests the potential benefit of Amara extract for patients with impaired gastric accommodation.

Оценка влияния многокомпонентного комплекса с растительными экстрактами на основные параметры эректильной функции у мужчин.

Introduction. Male infertility is a complex disease with many potential causes, including hormonal imbalance, anatomical problems, genetic factors, lifestyle factors, and more. Currently, there is a fairly large group of infertile men with unspecified causes of the disease. Introduction. Erection is a neurovascular process that is regulated by psychological factors and endocrine status. Erectile dysfunction can be based on various causes – psychological, neurological, endocrinological, vascular – arterial and related to impaired functioning of the cavernous bodies, or a combination of the above factors. The assessment of the factors that lead to erectile dysfunction in this particular man is fundamentally important for choosing the right treatment tactics. Among the many methods of correcting erectile disorders, herbal components and other biologically active substances are currently actively used to enhance testosterone synthesis, libido stimulation and erection. Objective. To evaluate the effect of the dietary supplement Vuka Forte on the main parameters of erectile function in men. Materials and methods. This article describes analyzed data from 45 men with erectile disorders of various etiologies, with complaints of a decrease in the quality of adequate erections of mild and moderate severity at the age of 34 to 55 years and the duration of the disease from 6 months to 9 years, who were recommended dietary supplement Vuka Forte. The complex was used by men 1 tablet 1 time per day with meals in the morning for 1 month. The results were evaluated 1 month after the start of taking the Vuka Forte dietary supplement. An objective (physical) examination was performed. Laboratory diagnostics included the determination of the following indicators: biochemical profile, total testosterone, albumin, LH (luteinizing hormone), insulin, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile. The assessment of the quality of life and sexual function of men was carried out on the IPSS scale (International System for the Summary Assessment of Prostate Diseases, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (GMP)) and IIEF-15 (International index of erectile function). Results. According to the results of our work, the use of Vuka Forte dietary supplements in men with various erectile disorders, including those associated with metabolic disorders, especially in the early stages of its development, contributes to the restoration of insulin receptor sensitivity, normalization of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, endothelial function. The use of Vuka Forte dietary supplements is accompanied by a statistically significant improvement in erectile function to the level of mild erectile disorders or their absence, stabilization of the hormonal background, and improvement in the quality of life in general. Conclusions. The results indicate the possibility of using the dietary supplement Vuka Forte as a multicomponent complex for men with various erectile dysfunctions, including those associated with metabolic disorders of any severity, and its use is justified.

A Concise Review on Herbal Immunity Booster

The main herbal components and their possible immune-boosting effects are covered in detail in this comprehensive assessment. The review emphasises the definition of immunity, many forms of immunity, The properties and roles of immune-related cells T and B lymphocytes. The immune system is shielded from infection by the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory qualities of these herbs, which also have an impact on immune system signs and symptoms. Additionally, it investigates the effectiveness and safety of herbal immune boosters while taking into account both modern scientific research and traditional wisdom. The increasing popularity of herbal immune boosters—natural treatments made from plants—is covered in this abstract. Cardamom, Ashwagandha, Tulsi, Gingseng, Garlic, Ginger, Amla, and Black Pepper are well-liked natural immunity enhancers.