Compomer Group Research Articles

Comparative Assessment of Compomers and Ormocers as Pit and Fissure Sealants in Permanent Molars among Children Aged 7-9 Years.

In recent years, the dental profession's focus has shifted from the therapeutic to the preventive aspect of dental caries. Pit and fissure sealants, optimal fluoridation, healthy dietary habits, and good oral hygiene have been recommended for caries prevention. Many sealant materials are available on the market. Compomers are hybrid dental materials that are modified composite resins with polyacids. The esthetic properties of traditional composite systems are combined with the fluoride-releasing and adhesive properties of glass ionomer cement (GIC). Organically modified ceramic (Ormocer) material has high abrasion resistance and better aesthetics, similar to natural teeth. To compare the sealing ability of compomer and ormocer as pit and fissure sealants in permanent mandibular first molars of 7-9-year-old children. A cross-sectional study with a split-mouth design was conducted on 88 children aged 7-9 years who attended the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry. Children were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. By tossing a coin, the placement of sealant material was selected for the right permanent first molar. Rubber dam isolation was done. The tooth surface was etched and washed. The respective sealants were applied. Sealants were cured with visible light, and occlusion was checked with articulating paper. Subsequently, the second sealant was placed in the next appointment, following the same clinical procedure in the opposite quadrant. Clinical evaluation was done at 3, 6, and 9 months for retention, marginal integrity, color match, wear, and presence of caries. The criteria were graded and rated as alpha, beta, and charlie based on modified Ryge United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. All the data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software 20.0. The retention rate of ormocer at the 9-month review interval was 88.3%. There was a statistically significant difference in retention rates between compomer and ormocer (p = 0.003). The marginal integrity and wear of ormocer at the 9-month review interval were 84.4% compared with compomer, which was statistically significant with p = 0.010 and p = 0.035, respectively. Children with the fewest caries belonged to the ormocer group (p = 0.010) compared to the compomer group. Children with ormocer as a pit and fissure sealant showed good retention, remarkable marginal integrity, absence of wear, and fewer dental caries compared to compomer sealants. Hence, ormocer-based sealants can be used in pediatric dental practice to protect children's oral hygiene and promote a healthy lifestyle. Saravanan SM, Srinivasan D, AR SE, et al. Comparative Assessment of Compomers and Ormocers as Pit and Fissure Sealants in Permanent Molars among Children Aged 7-9 Years. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(7):742-747.

Comparative analysis of shear bond strength of MTA and Theracal PT with different restorative materials

BackgroundThis study aimed to compare the in vitro shear bond strength (SBS) of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and dual-cured, resin-modified calcium silicate material (Theracal PT) to composite resin, compomer, and bulk-fill composite, and to evaluate the bond failure mode under a stereomicroscope.MethodsNinety acrylic specimens, each with a 4 mm diameter and 2 mm height central hole, were prepared. These specimens were randomly divided into two groups based on the capping materials: MTA and Theracal PT. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups (n = 15) according to the restorative materials: composite resin, compomer, and bulk-fill composite. The specimens were then subjected to shear testing using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Post-test, the fracture locations were examined using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test.ResultsThe SBS values for the Theracal PT group were significantly higher than those for the MTA group (p < 0.001). Within the MTA groups, no significant differences were observed in SBS values across the different restorative materials. However, a significant difference was found between the mean SBS values of the Theracal PT + composite resin group and the Theracal PT + compomer group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsTheracal PT shows promise in dentistry due to its superior bond strength. Given its bond values, Theracal PT appears capable of forming durable and long-lasting restorations by establishing reliable bonds with various restorative materials commonly used in dentistry.

Effects of Various Beverages and Tooth Brushing on Microhardness of Restorative Materials Used in Pediatric Dentistry

Purpose. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of beverages and tooth brushing on the microhardness of different restorative materials. Materials-methods. Disk-shaped samples of compomer (Dyract XP), glass ionomer cement (GIC) (Ionofil Molar AC), and composite resin (Filtek Z250) were prepared. The samples were randomly allocated to four groups and conditioned in various beverages (cheery juice, cola, chocolate milk, and distilled water) for 3 hours per day over 60 days. Each group was further subdivided to a brushing and a non-brushing subgroup. In the brushing group, samples were brushed once daily with toothpaste and an electric toothbrush. The surface hardness of the samples was measured at baseline and after 60 days. Results. The microhardness of composite resin group increased in all solutions (p&amp;lt;0.05). The compomer group exhibited a decrease in microhardness after immersion in cola and cherry juice (p&amp;lt;0.05). The surface hardness of the GIC was measured to be lower in all solutions (p&amp;lt;0.05). Brushing had no effect on the microhardness in any of the groups (p&amp;gt;0.05) Conclusion. Filtek Z250 composite exhibited better surface hardness values than compomer and GIC. Cola and cherry juice decreased the microhardness of compomer and GIC.

A Scanning Electron Microscope Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Fluoride-releasing Dental Restorative Materials to Prevent Enamel Demineralization: An In Vitro Study

Aim of the present research was to investigate the effectiveness of various fluoride-releasing dental restorative agents in preventing demineralization of enamel. Eighty human mandibular permanent molar teeth constituted the study group. All samples were subjected to storage in thymol, after which they were taken out to prepare alike proximal box in each. Inductions of artificial enamel surface lesions were done by placing the teeth in demineralizing solution for 96 hours. Subsequently, all 80 molars were randomly assigned to any of the four groups (i.e., 20 in every individual group) according to the restoration as group A: giomer (composite resin containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer fillers), group B: compomer (polyacid-modified composite resin), group C: resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC), group D: fluoride-releasing composite. After this, the pH cycling was performed, and the samples were subjected to examination beneath scanning electron microscope (SEM). Higher mean areas of remineralization were noted when RMGIC (96.34 ± 0.06) was used followed by the compomer (109.52 ± 0.17), giomer (118.39 ± 0.82), and the fluoride-releasing composite group (129.27 ± 0.31) in that order. A statistically significant difference was seen amid the investigational groups that utilized different restorative agents (p <0.001). A pairwise evaluation that was performed revealed that except for the giomer group and the compomer group, a statistically significant difference (p <0.001) was found among the experimental groups. This research infers that the RMGIC-treated samples exhibited significantly superior performance in preventing enamel demineralization in comparison to compomer, giomer as well as fluoride-releasing composites. One among the highly frequently employed anticariogenic materials is fluorides. Owing to this characteristic, they are integrated into numerous restorative substances. Nevertheless, the quantity and speed of fluoride release differ in different agents, which translates to the efficacy of the restorative agent in avoiding demineralization about the restoration.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOMER AND GIC AGAINST PREVENTION IN ENAMEL DEMINERALIZATION

Background: Several studies showed that fluoride interferes in the dynamics involved in the development of caries and could present an antimicrobial effect or provide demineralization inhibition or dental remineralization. The development of fluoride-releasing materials can contribute to a preventive of demineralization. GIC and Compomer are restorative materials containing fluoride which can prevent demineralization. Purpose: To analyze the effectiveness of Compomer and GIC against prevention in enamel demineralization. Method: The cavities were made on 18 bovine teeth which grouped into 3 groups, each group consisting of 6 bovine teeth. After the restorative procedures, the teeth were submitted to demineralization and remineralization cycling during 14 days. The sections of the teeth were examined under scanning electron microscope after undergoing pH cycling. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey Test (p&lt;0.05). Results: GIC group showed the lowest lesion depth of demineralization (10.9883 ± 0.74333) followed by Compomer group (25.4183 ± 3.44268) and Control group (88.9783 ± 3.02495). Conclusion: GIC restorative materials have a better enamel demineralization prevention effect than Compomer. Keywords: compomer, demineralization, fluoride, GIC, remineralization

Effect of surface sealant on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion of bulk-fill composites

Surface sealants are reported to ensure surface smoothness and improve the surface quality of composite restorations. These sealants should also reduce the bacterial adhesion on composite surfaces however, there is not much information regarding their performance on bulk-fill composite materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface sealant application on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion of various restorative materials. Disc-shaped samples were prepared from a compomer, a conventional composite and three bulk-fill composites. Specimens of each group were divided into two groups (n = 9): with/without surface sealant (Biscover LV, [BLV]). Surface roughness values were examined by profilometry and two samples of each group were examined for bacterial adhesion on a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Bacterial counts were calculated by both broth cultivation and microscopic images. Results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni/Dunn tests. Following the BLV application, there was a decrease in the surface roughness values of all groups however, only Tetric N-Ceram Bulk and Beautifil-Bulk groups showed significantly smoother surfaces (p &lt; 0.001). There were no significant differences among material groups without BLV application. Evaluating bacterial adhesion after BLV application, conventional composite had the lowest values among all followed by the compomer group. Beautifil-Bulk had significantly the highest bacterial adhesion (p &lt; 0.05), followed by Tetric N-Ceram Bulk group. Without BLV application, there was no significant difference among bacterial adhesion values of groups (p &gt; 0.05). CLSM images showed cell viability in groups. Bulk-fill composites showed higher bacterial adhesion than conventional composite and compomer materials. The surface sealant was found to be highly effective in lowering bacterial adhesion, but not so superior in smoothing the surfaces of restorative materials. So, surface sealants could be used on the restorations of patients with high caries risk.

Comparative Evaluation of Retention and Antibacterial Efficacy of Compomer and Glass Hybrid Bulk Fill Restorative Material as a Conservative Adhesive Restoration in Children with Mixed Dentition-An In Vivo Two-arm Parallel-group Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Study.

Aim and objectiveTo compare and evaluate the retention along with antibacterial efficacy of colored compomer and glass hybrid bulk fill glass ionomer restorative material as a conservative adhesive restoration in children of age 6–12 years.Materials and methodsSixty children were selected fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria falling in the age group of 6–12 years with mixed dentition and two groups were formed: group I—colored compomer and group II—glass hybrid bulk fill material. Initially, oral prophylaxis was carried out and baseline collection of saliva was completed. Then, the restorative treatment was completed. Retention of the material and antibacterial count [colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of saliva] was estimated at 1, 3, and 6 months after the restorative procedure.ResultsIt was seen that retention rate with glass hybrid bulk fill group was 100%, whereas with colored compomer group it was 90% at end of 6 months. Although good antibacterial activity was shown by both the group at 1, 3, and 6 months follow-up but statistically significant drop was seen in the glass hybrid bulk fill group at 3-month intervals than the colored compomer group with a p value of 0.0001 (p < 0.05).ConclusionAmong both the materials, glass hybrid bulk fill restorative material showed good retention compared to Colored compomer material but it was not statistically very significant. Also, both the materials have shown good antimicrobial activity at 1, 3, and 6 months follow-up.How to cite this articleMundada MV, Hugar SM, Hallikerimath S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Retention and Antibacterial Efficacy of Compomer and Glass Hybrid Bulk Fill Restorative Material as a Conservative Adhesive Restoration in Children with Mixed Dentition—An In Vivo Two-arm Parallel-group Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(S-1):S45–S54.

Flexural strength and surface microhardness of materials used for temporary dental disocclusion submitted to thermal cycling: An in vitro study

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature variation on surface microhardness and resistance to flexion of different materials used for making a temporary dental disocclusion. One hundred specimens were made of the following materials (n=20): glass ionomer cement (GIC); compomer (CP); composite resin (CR); Blue colour resin composite for temporary dental disocclusion (BTDD); ultraviolet colour resin composite for temporary dental disocclusion (UVTDD). They were stored in distilled water for 24hours and, subsequently, half of the specimens in each group were subjected to thermal cycling (n=10). All samples were subjected to the microhardness test (HMV-2000) and the flexural strength analysis (INSTRON). The data were submitted to parametric statistical analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey's complementary test with a significance level of 5%. In the mechanical tests, all materials except the GIC showed a statistically significant difference between the groups subjected to thermal cycling and not submitted, and thermal cycling (P<0.05) was responsible for the reduction of the values found, except for GIC. In the mechanical tests, all materials except the GIC showed a statistically significant difference between the groups subjected to thermal cycling and not submitted, and thermal cycling (P<0.05) was responsible for the reduction of the values found, except for GIC. For microhardness, the highest average was found for BTDD and UVTDD (P≤0.05). As for the resistance, the flexion was found that in the groups not submitted to thermal cycling there was no statistically significant difference for all materials, except for GIC, for the groups with thermal cycling the materials BTDD and UVTDD showed a statistically significant difference from GIC, however, they did not differ statistically from the CP and CR groups. BTDD and UVTDD presented higher average results of surface microhardness and, in the resistance test, the flexion of these materials behaved similarly to the CP and the CR studied. The temperature variation has an effect on the properties of these materials.

Comparative evaluation of retention and antibacterial efficacy of Compomer and Glass Hybrid Bulk Fill restorative material as a conservative adhesive restoration in children with mixed dentition: An in vivo study

AIM: The aim of the study is to compare and evaluate the retention and antibacterial efficacy of Compomer and Glass Hybrid Bulk Fill restorative material as a conservative adhesive restoration in children with mixed dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty children of age 6–12 years with mixed dentition were selected and divided into Group I – Compomer and Group II – Glass Hybrid Bulk Fill. After thorough oral prophylaxis and baseline collection of saliva, restorative treatment was carried out using the two materials. Retention of the material and salivary Streptococcus mutans count (CFU/ml of saliva) was estimated at 1 month and 3 months after restorative procedure. RESULTS: The retention rate with Glass Hybrid Bulk Fill group and Compomer group was 100%. Statistical significant reduction in salivary S. mutans colony count was seen with both the groups at both different time intervals. Maximum reduction was noted in Glass Hybrid Bulk Fill group at 3-month intervals, and gradual reduction was seen with Compomer group. CONCLUSION: Both the materials, Glass Hybrid Bulk Fill restorative material and Compomer, showed good retention. Moreover, both the materials have shown good antimicrobial activity after 3-month follow-up.

A comparison of impact strength of fragment-bonded anterior teeth using three different restorative materials: An in vitro study

The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the impact strength of fractured anterior teeth reattached using three different restorative materials and compare their impact strengths to those of control. Sixty human maxillary permanent central incisors were selected and divided into control and experimental groups. The teeth in the experimental groups were fractured and then bonded using Composite resin, Compomer and resin-modified GIC. Intact teeth served as control. All the specimens were then tested in an impact testing machine. The results revealed statistically significant differences between Compomer and resin-modified GIC groups, control and experimental groups. No statistically significant differences were observed between Composite resin and Compomer groups. Thus the fractured fragments bonded with Composite resin and Compomer provided better adhesion than resin-modified GIC.

Marginal seal of sealant and compomer materials with and without enameloplasty

This in vitro study evaluated the quality of marginal seal and fissure penetration of a resin-sealant (Concise) and a compomer restorative material (F2000) with and without enameloplasty. SAMPLE AND DESIGN: Thirty extracted sound human permanent third molar teeth were divided into six groups of five and used in this in vitro study. Occlusal surfaces of the teeth in different groups were either left intact or prepared using a #582 S diamond bur. Teeth were then restored with Concise and F2000 restorative materials using combinations of different surface treatments. Teeth were prepared for microleakage, then immersed in 5% methylene blue for 4 h, and subsequently sectioned into four bucco-lingual sections. Sections (20 per group) were examined using a stereomicroscope. The following parameters were evaluated: marginal leakage, marginal gap, voids and filling defects, as well as enamel fissure penetration. Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA showed statistically significant differences between the groups for marginal leakage (P < 0.0001), marginal gap (P < 0.001), and enamel fissure penetration (P < 0.001). No statistically significant differences between the groups for voids and filling defects were detected. Non-parametric Tukey's multiple range test showed that microleakage of sealant with acid etch and tooth preparation and compomer with acid etch, bonding agent and tooth preparation were statistically significantly less than that of compomer with bonding agent and no tooth preparation (P < 0.0001) and compomer with bonding agent and tooth preparation (P < 0.01). Microleakage is similar when sealant with acid etching, and compomer with acid etching and bonding agent, are used with and without enameloplasty. Marginal gap is more evident in the compomer group with bonding agent and without enameloplasty. Enamel fissure penetration is better when enameloplasty and acid etching are used.