Public hospitals in China have a complicated internal structure with a sizable number of members and a strict management system. Human resource management plays an important part in the management of modern public hospitals, which also serves as the primary management component for efficient internal management. At the same time, in the context of strategic human resources management, the AMO theory has gradually entered the management of public hospitals. Based on a brief overview of human resource management in modern public hospitals, this study adopts the AMO theory (abilities, motivations, and opportunities) perspective in analysing the problems and challenges faced by the human resource management strategy in modern public hospitals, and exploring how human resource management in modern public hospitals should play an effective role based on the AMO theory. Based on a detailed and targeted analysis of the contents of the challenges, theoretical and practical support for the development of modern hospitals and the orderly conduct of internal management is provided.
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