Compliance Of Individuals Research Articles

Effectiveness of social distancing under partial compliance of individuals

Social distancing reduces infectious disease transmission by limiting contact frequency and proximity within a community. However, compliance varies due to its impact on daily life. This paper explores the effects of compliance on social distancing effectiveness through a “social distancing game”, where community members make decisions based on personal utility. We conducted numerical experiments to evaluate how different policy settings for social distancing affect disease transmission.Our findings suggest several key points for developing effective social distancing policies. Firstly, while generally effective, overly strict policies may lead to noncompliance and reduced effectiveness. Secondly, the public health benefits of social distancing need to be balanced against social costs, emphasizing policy efficiency. Lastly, for diseases with low reinfection risk, a segmented policy exempting immune individuals could lessen both infections and socioeconomic costs.

Taxpayer Compliance of Individuals Working in the Tourism Sector in the KPP Pratama South Badung Area

Taxpayer Compliance of Individuals Working in the Tourism Sector in the KPP Pratama South Badung Area

The Synergistic Effects of Risk-Principle Adherence in the Supervision and Treatment of Individuals Who Have Sexually Offended.

Prior literature highlights the effectiveness of the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) risk principle when providing community supervision and treatment to general justice-involved individuals and special populations such as individuals convicted of a sexual offense. Individuals deemed high-risk, per risk assessment, should receive the most intensive levels of community supervision and treatment, while individuals classified as low risk should receive the lowest intensity. Research in support for the risk principle finds adherence decreased recidivism rates and increased probation compliance. The current study assesses the effects of adhering (or not) to the risk principle in supervision levels and treatment dosage on the compliance of individuals on probation for a sexual offense (N = 133). Overall, results support risk principle adherence for individuals, with increasing adherence levels associated with significantly more compliance, and non-adherence resulting in adverse outcomes. Implications for policy and practice in the supervision and treatment of individuals with a sexual offense are discussed.

Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Screening Awareness and Compliance Rates over the Age of 40: Single Center Data in Türkiye

The frequency of colorectal cancer is increasing under the age of 50, and new sights have emerged regarding the initiation of screening in the earlier age group. This study aims to measure the consciousness of patients over the age of 40 about colorectal cancer screening and to reveal the screening rates of individuals over the age of 50. 300 consecutive patients who applied to our center and were older than 40 years of age were included. The questionnaire was created based on current guidelines and literature knowledge by the investigators and done through face-to-face interviews. Patients over 50 years of age who did not undergo screening were analyzed by dividing them into groups according to their socio-demographic characteristics and colorectal cancer risk factors. While 64.7% of the participants stated that they knew about colorectal cancer screening, only 32.4% of the participants aged 50 and over had colorectal cancer screening. The vast majority of patients stated that they did not have enough knowledge about the subject. The rate of participants who stated that they were considering entering the cancer screening program after completing this questionnaire was 73.7%. Colorectal cancer screening rates of non-smokers, women, and married participants were higher than the other group (P=0.016, P=0.017, and P=0.033, respectively). This study shows low screening compliance of individuals over the age of 50. We think that it is important to encourage and inform all adults over the age of 40 about colorectal cancer screening for public health.

FRI659 Diabetes Management: A Retrospective Population-based Study Examining The Association Of Acculturation And Glycemic Control

Abstract Disclosure: A.L. Messersmith: None. E. Piervil: None. R. Meadows: None. K. Patel: None. E. Griffin: None. Diabetes disproportionately impacts racial/ethnic minorities. According to 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Surveys (NHANES) data, prevalence of diabetes was greater among black non-Hispanic, Asian non-Hispanic, and Hispanic populations compared to white non-Hispanic (Prevalence of Both Diagnosed, 2022). Acculturation, the process by which an individual integrates the attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors of a different culture, has also been associated with diabetes (Allen, 2014; O'Brien, 2014). This study incorporates 2013-2018 NHANES data to assess the association between acculturation and diabetes management. Country of birth, years living in the U.S., and primary language spoken at home will serve as proxies for acculturation. This study includes 2,442 individuals who were ever told by a doctor or health professional that they had diabetes (gestational diabetes excluded) with 784 of these participants born outside the U.S. Comparatively 492 individuals with no known history of diabetes had lab results drawn during the NHANES survey supporting newly diagnosed diabetes (A1c ≥6.5), 213 of whom were immigrants. Socioeconomic status and access to health care and health insurance are factors that likely mediate the relationship between acculturation and diabetes control. Initial data analysis found 38% of immigrants with laboratory and/or health professional diagnosed diabetes lived below the poverty level compared to 20% of U.S.-born individuals. Health insurance coverage was 81% among immigrants compared to 92% among U.S.-born individuals. This study will utilize logistic regression to explore the association between acculturation and diabetes. Compliance of individuals living with diabetes to American Diabetes Association screening recommendations will be assessed. Descriptive statistics will be summarized and include demographics, comorbid diseases, body mass index (BMI), cumulative years with diagnosed diabetes, insulin and/or oral antihyperglycemic diabetes therapy, insurance coverage, and frequency of doctor visit(s).

Factors influencing voluntary tax compliance of self-employed individuals in Davao city

Most self-employed taxpayers, who are exempted from third-party reporting, is being evaded. Compared to employees and corporations, self-employed have a low percentage of compliance due to government regulation focusing more on large taxpayers, resulting in fiscal imbalance. Thus, this study aims to determine the significant influence of the tax behavior factors on the tax compliance status of self-employed individuals in Davao City. The study uses descriptive-correlational method and adapted a modified questionnaire to collect data from 180 self-employed taxpayers. Findings reveal that the level of four indicators: personal, institutional, economic, and social are high than the expected level. It also shows that the level of tax compliance in terms of administration and submitting tax returns are found to be tax compliant most of the time. Using the multiple regression analysis, only institutional and social factors significantly influence tax compliance. It is recommended that the government should further strengthen the tax authority's efficiency and effectiveness while making the tax system equitable. The researchers also suggest tax forms must be convenient and tax structure must be fair and just to likely increase the number of tax returns and ensure the favorable attitude of self-employed individuals towards taxation.

Tax Law Affecting the Tax Compliance of Online Business Individuals: A Case Study in Vietnam

Objective: The paper's primary purpose is to find out various factors affecting the tax compliance of online businesses in the digital economy of Vietnam and propose some policy recommendations to improve tax compliance in the coming time. Method: In this study, two research methods were used: qualitative research and quantitative research following: (1) The author discussed the proposed research model with 11 managers related to the tax and consulted experts working in the tax agencies. (2) This article surveyed data from 700 persons related to online business in five big cities in Vietnam. The article used structural equation modeling (SEM) and SPSS 20.0, Amos software. Results: The paper finds five critical factors affecting the tax compliance of the online business individual with a significance level of 0.01, and all hypotheses are accepted. The article's novelty is to explore the tax service quality factor that has the most substantial impact on the tax compliance of online business individuals. Conclusions: The study's value proposed tax service quality recommendations to support online businesses to overcome difficulties caused by using different digital technologies to carry out various economic activities. The context also poses a requirement for tax authorities to work towards digitizing the tax collection process to effectively monitor and check the taxpayer's tax compliance process and ensure tax collection from the taxpayer based on digital transactions, but along with it comes many challenges for tax authorities in formulating policies and managing financial resources.

Mathematical analysis of an age-since infection and diffusion HIV/AIDS model with treatment adherence and Dirichlet boundary condition

In this paper, an epidemic model with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition is formulated to study the joint impact of spatial diffusion, infection age and treatment adherence on the HIV/AIDS transmission among humans. It is an interesting problem to understand the threshold dynamics of HIV/AIDS model with the above three factors. Since the complexity of the model and specificity of the boundary condition, there are two main mathematical challenges: i). the compactness of the solution map is not guaranteed; ii). the explicit expression of the basic reproduction cannot be given even if the parameters are spatially independent. We first discuss the well-posedness of the system, then we identify the basic reproduction number R0 as the spectral radius of the next generation operator, followed by the global attractivity of disease-free steady state when R0<1, the uniform persistence of the disease and the existence of the endemic steady state when R0>1. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate our theoretical results, which suggest that the diffusion of individuals has an opposite effect on the disease outbreaks, and improving the treatment compliance of HIV infected individuals can control HIV transmission among the population effectively.

The Impact of Perception of Justice on Tax Compliance Behavior through the Mediating Role of Social Support: An Empirical Study in Pakistan

The government adjusts its financial obligations and collects taxes to pay for the public through taxes. Tax behavior varies from individual to individual. Tax audits and fines are also policies to collect tax amounts. The study aims to determine tax compliance behavior. A quantitative approach is applied to obtain the respondent's perception of justice in tax laws. Overall total number of questionnaires sent to bar councils was 400, of which 325 lawyers responded. The problem is that Pakistan needs a better tax collection system; therefore, many problems are faced during tax collection. The justice system is better for recovering the tax penalties, whereas procedural justice investigates the compliance of individuals about the tax. Taxpayers also find ways to reduce the amount of tax and make deduction claims by hiding some of their assets. Tax audit is also a significant field to assess and measure fraud in the tax collection system. Results differentiate that there is a positive and significant relationship between tax compliance behavior and perception of justice. So, it rejects the null hypothesis and shows a significant relationship. If the individuals cooperate with the government and perform their duties well, then the structure of the tax system can survive and collaborate in the economy of Pakistan.

Colorectal cancer screening: understanding the needs of the pre-screening group.

For the last three decades, although colorectal cancer incidence has been decreasing in those over 50 years of age, it has been increasing in those under 50 included in the pre-screening group (PSG). The present study aims to explain the screening-related factors and compliance of individuals in PSG who are not included in the colorectal cancer screening programme. This cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 323 participants, 143 of whom were from the pre-screening group (40-49 years), and 180 from the screening included group (SIG) (50-70 years). Individuals included in PSG were more likely to have accepted that both faecal occult blood test (FOBT) (2.23 ± 1.22 vs. 1.89 ± 1.33, p = 0.018) and colonoscopy (2.37 ± 0.97 vs. 2.02 ± 1.14, p = 0.003) were useful and suitable screening tests in colorectal cancer. Adequate health literacy (OR = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.8-10.0, p = 0.001) and better education level (OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.3-8.4, p = 0.010) were factors of increased knowledge of colorectal cancer screening. The findings show that PSG has different characteristics than SIG and may be more fitting in the colorectal cancer screening programme if included.

COVID-19 symptoms and compliance: The mediating role of fundamental social motives.

Understanding the compliance of infected individuals and the psychological process underlying compliance during pandemics is important for preventing and controlling the spread of pathogens. Our study investigated whether fundamental social motives mediate the relationship between having infectious disease and compliance. An online survey was conducted in March 2020, during the severe phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China to collect data from 15,758 participants. The survey comprised self-report questionnaires with items pertaining to current symptoms (COVID-19 symptoms, other symptoms or no symptoms), the Fundamental Social Motive Inventory, and measures of compliance. Correlation analysis, linear regression analysis, and structural equation model were used for data analysis. The participants with COVID-19 symptoms had lower levels of compliance than those without symptoms, and their lower compliance was caused by a decrease in disease avoidance (indirect effect = -0.058, 95% CI = [-0.061, -0.056]) and familial motives (indirect effect = -0.113, 95% CI = [-0.116, -0.062]). Whereas exclusion concern (indirect effect = 0.014, 95% CI = [0.011, 0.017]) suppressed the effects of COVID-19 symptoms on compliance, the effect disappeared in the multiple mediation model, while those of disease avoidance and familial motives remained. Our findings emphasize the critical role of disease avoidance and familial motives in promoting compliance with public health norms during pandemics and suggest that enhancing these motives may serve as an effective intervention strategy to mitigate noncompliance among potentially infected individuals.

Management of psychiatric treatments of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder in the COVID-19 pandemic: A one-year evaluation in the pandemic.

The course of bipolar disorder (BD) is sensitive to factors that may disrupt biological and social rhythms. It is important for patients diagnosed with BD to continue their follow-up and treatment during the pandemic due to personal and social effects. This study aimed to evaluate the disease course and treatment compliance of individuals diagnosed with BD during the pandemic. A total of 267 patients with BD were included in the study. The scales were applied by phone calls. A sociodemographic data form was filled out during the phone interviews. Diagnostic criteria for hypomanic, manic, and depressive episodes in DSM-5 were questioned and recorded through the created form. During the first of the pandemic, a total of 72 (27.0%) patients had a mood episode, of which 56 (21.0%) were manic/hypomanic episodes and 16 (6.0%) depressive episodes. Also, 54.7% of the patients were able to obtain their medications thanks to the extended medication reports. Being unable to use their medications regularly, having a seasonal pattern of disease, and using an increased number of psychotropics were significant predictors of a new episode. While 74.5% of the patients wanted to talk to their psychiatrists online, only 1.1% could reach the psychiatrist online. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are particularly evident in patients with a seasonal pattern. Telepsychiatry practices should be actively included in clinical practice, and government policies developed for treatment compliance seem important.

DETERMINAN TAX MORALE PADA ORANG PRIBADI NON KARYAWAN: STUDI EMPIRIS PADA MITRA GO-JEK INDONESIA

The contribution of income tax for individuals other than those who work as employees (PPh 25/29 OP) is only about 1% in the last seven years. It requires tax awareness and voluntary tax compliance of individuals doing independent work. This study aims to examine eight independent variables that influence tax morale as an important determinant of voluntary tax compliance. This study used the mix method by testing empirical data questionnaires on respondents of Go-Jek Indonesia partners.. The selection of this group is relevant because they have a greater chance of doing tax evasion. The results of this study indicate that the factor that most influences the tax morale of Go-Jek Indonesia's partners is the reference group. Perceptions of the level of government corruption, the efficiency of government spending, and personal interests also have a significant effect on tax morale. Meanwhile, perceptions of fairness, tax rate levels, financial difficulties, and the possibility of being examined and subject to punishment do not have a significant effect on the tax morale of Go-Jek Indonesia's partners. This can be a reference for collecting tax revenues through a more persuasive approach.

Self-reported tax compliance in post-transition Estonia

This paper contributes to the empirical literature that investigates the predictive power of different theories on the tax compliance of individuals. Data stem from a detailed survey of Estonian residents collected in three rounds from 2018 to 2020. Principal component analysis reveals that the survey replies are mutually consistent and form distinct clusters that align with the key theories on tax evasion. Logit estimations of the probability of full tax compliance use the principal components and various control variables as covariates. Theories of individual rational choice do not gain support. Factors associated with personal norms and with social norms and customs are important predictors of tax compliance. Noticeably, theories of reciprocity that prescribe a positive relation between approval of the government and its tax policies and tax compliance do not receive support, possibly reflecting the limited role of the government and individualist attitudes in post-transition Estonia.

Investigation of Preventive Health Behaviors in the Begining Term of COVID / 19 Pandemic, Evidence From Turkey

Aim: In this study, it is aimed to determine the level of the compliance of individuals to preventive health behaviors before, during, and after the pandemic to interrupt or reduce the spread of the virus in the Covid-19 pandemic.&#x0D; Materials and Method: This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. "Demographic Information Form" and "Questionnaire of Health Behaviors Regarding Influenza" were used as data collection tools. The questionnaire form prepared was designed as 16 questions, 5-point Likert type (1 = Strongly disagree to 5 = Strongly agree). The questionnaire contains the answers of the participants regarding the 14 rule implementation situations before, during, and after the flu. The universe of this study was individuals living in 81 provinces in Turkey between 1-9 April 2020. In this study, the snowball-sampling method was used. The data were collected with an online questionnaire on google forms. 517 people were surveyed from 81 cities in Turkey. In the analysis, SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used to evaluate the data.&#x0D; Results: As a result of the evaluation of the Health Behavior Towards Flu test results; the Cronbach Alpha (α) values were found (0.78) before, during (0.86), and after (0.83). When the participant's compliance with the 14 rules in influenza according to demographic variables was examined according to their learning of these rules, it was determined that; gender, literate in terms of education, and housewives made a significant difference in the course (before-during-after) of the pandemic, In addition, the application situations of the participants before-during-after learning the 14 rules in influenza were compared; while the information was effective during (illness) and after (illness) the informing process and was statistically significant (p

Trust in the Government, Tax Knowledge, Religiusity and Perceptions of Tax Sanctions on Tax Compliance

Tax compliance has long been a problem for governments around the world, including Indonesia. Trust in the government can be understood as something reciprocal and reciprocal that must be carried out by both parties, namely the government itself and the community and applies reciprocally. Responsive government that will have an impact on taxpayers, information received by taxpayers, even the attachment of taxpayers to their religion can control taxpayers in acting even in the imposition of sanctions received by taxpayers that affect tax compliance in Indonesia. Trust in government, Knowledge of taxation, this study uses quantitative data using a questionnaire distributed online (google form) to 99 samples registered at KPP Pratama Cikarang. The data collection technique used the accidental sampling technique. The results of the data analysis showed thatTrust in government, Knowledge of taxation, religiosity and perception of tax sanctionspositive and significant effect on the compliance of individuals registered with KPP Pratama Cikarang Keywords:Trust in Government, Knowledge of Taxation, Religiosity, Perception of Tax Sanctions, Tax Compliance DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/13-6-04 Publication date: March 31 st 2022

Urodynamic effect of vibegron on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in individuals with spinal cord injury: A retrospective study.

A Retrospective study. To investigate the effects of vibegron on urodynamic parameters of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). The National Hospital Organization, Murayama Medical Center, Japan. We retrospectively analyzed the urodynamic parameters of 31 individuals with SCI within one year after injury, who were diagnosed with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) according to a urodynamic study (UDS), and prescribed vibegron between December 2018 and December 2020. Treatment criteria were as follows: cystometric capacity of <200 mL, bladder compliance of <20 mL/cmH2O, and/or presence of detrusor overactivity in the first UDS. We compared urodynamic data before and after vibegron treatment. Vibegron administration increased the maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) (median, from 185.0 to 340.0 mL, P = 0.001), bladder compliance (median, from 8.3 to 20.0 mL/cmH2O, P < 0.001). Vibegron therapy improved the bladder capacity and bladder compliance of individuals with NLUTD and SCI.

Impact of Oral Health Educational Interventions on Oral Hygiene Status of Children with Hearing Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction Oral health is considered as one of the essential components of the overall health of every individual. Maintaining oral health is a gradual process that requires commitment. Children who require special care such as hearing impairment experience difficulty in maintaining oral health primarily due to communication difficulties. This study is aimed at using different interventions to evaluate the improvement of oral hygiene in hearing impaired children. Materials and Methods Fifty-nine children were recruited in this study that were allocated randomly into each group with twenty children as follows: group 1: pictorial, group 2: video, and group 3: control. Mean plaque and gingival scores were noted before and after the use of different interventions. Oral hygiene was categorized as “excellent,” “good,” and “fair.” Gingival health was categorized as “healthy,” “mild gingivitis,” and “moderate gingivitis.” Results Thirty-four children (57.6%) were from 12-13 years of age bracket, and 25 (42.4%) belonged to 14-16 years of age. Regarding gender, there were 37 (62.7%) males and 22 (37.3%) females. About comparison of mean gingival and plaque scores before and after interventions in each group, a significant difference was found in group 1 (p < 0.001) and group 2 (p < 0.001), as compared to group 3 where the difference in scores was not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion Maintaining oral health requires the compliance of individuals to perform different methods of preventive dentistry, such as tooth brushing and use of dental floss. The use of different oral hygiene educational interventions such as pictorial and video methods have been proven and useful for hearing impaired children in improving oral health.

Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Penyedia Platform Marketplace E-Commerce Sebagai Pemungut Pajak Pertambahan Nilai Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik

The development of digital technology in the industrial era 4.0 distorts tax cuts and collections in the e-commerce marketplace. This study provides an overview of conditions in the field of compliance and voluntary intentions of e-commerce marketplace platform providers and individuals and / or entities to register as PPN PMSE taxpayers and tax collectors. In addition, it can also find out a review of the juridical aspects of the applicable regulations if the taxpayer provides the domestic e-commerce marketplace platform application if it is determined as a PMSE VAT Collector. The method used is qualitative research using an ethnographic approach which is considered appropriate for social science research based on questionnaire data, interviews and other documentary data. The level of compliance of companies providing the e-commerce marketplace platform is divided 1) the level of compliance based on deductions, deposits and reporting related to corporate tax itself where there is an attempt to comply as a form of obligation of the taxpayer. 2) the level of compliance based on the voluntary intention to register to be appointed as a PPN PMSE collector, which is still very low. In the juridical aspect, it is only found that the additional obligation lies in the collection of PPN PMSE on intangible Taxable Goods or Taxable Services from outside the Customs area whose transactions are carried out within the Customs area.Keywords: Compliance; e-commerce marketplace; PPN; PMSE; Taxpayer

Factors predicting improved compliance towards colonoscopy in individuals with positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT)

ObjectivesFollow‐up colonoscopy after a positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) in any colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programme is integral. However, many individuals who had a positive FIT declined colonoscopy subsequently. This study aims to uncover the predictors on completion of colonoscopy using the Health Belief Model (HBM) between individuals who complete and those who did not after a positive FIT.MethodsA mixed‐method study comprising qualitative semi‐structured interviews followed by a locally validated questionnaire in Singapore was prospectively administered via telephone interview to average risk individuals with positive FIT results from a cohort of the national FIT screening database referred for follow‐up colonoscopic evaluation.ResultsA total of 394 individuals, with a median age of 66 years (range, 46–89 years), were recruited. Fifty percent completed follow‐up colonoscopic evaluation and formed the “doers” group. All participants demonstrated high knowledge of symptoms of CRC and awareness and qualitative responses were aligned to the various HBM domains. Using multi‐variable analysis, doers felt that medical recommendations (odds ratio [OR], 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–4.63, p = 0.01) and mainstream media publicity (OR, 2.16, 95% CI: 1.09–4.26, p = 0.026) were important. Non‐doers showed positive association with perceived barriers such as cost (OR, 2.15, 95% CI: 1.10–4.20, p = 0.026) and inconvenience (OR, 3.44, 95% CI: 1.50–7.89, p = 0.004).ConclusionsIdentified factors such as tackling perceived barriers, public health education and active promotion by medical physicians, family and friends could help guide subsequent interventions to improve compliance of individuals with positive FIT to undergo follow‐up colonoscopy.