Complexometric Method Research Articles

Selective Extraction and Determination of Scandium in Industrial Waste (Matte) by the Complexometric Method

In this article, selective extraction and complexometric titration of scandium waste (waste matte) are investigated. Waste matte contains various ions of elements As, Pb, Sb, K, Hg, Fe, Ca, Au, Cd, Na, Si that interfere with the determination of scandium. In a moderately acidic medium, scandium ions form a mixed complex with diantipyrylmethane in the presence of iodide ions, which is well soluble in chloroform. Under these conditions, lanthanides as well as As, Pb, Sb, K, Hg, Fe, Ca, Au, Cd, Na do not form compounds soluble in chloroform and do not interfere with the determination of scandium. Scandium is reextracted with an ammonia solution of EDTA and the determination is completed complexometrically.

The study of the chemical properties of gray tereskenes ceratoides latens

Today, perennial plants of the natural flora are a raw material resource for the production of drought-resistant and heat-resistant feeds, among which Eurotia Ceratoides occupies a special place. In this work, the chemical properties of Eurotia Ceratoides latens (J.F. Gmel) were studied, the humus content in the soil was determined, and the chemical and physico-chemical properties of light gray soil (humus, water, carbonate ions, nitrogen) were revealed. The humus content was determined based on the oxidation of organic carbon with chromic acid to carbon dioxide. The chemical composition of Eurotia Ceratoides Latens was analyzed for the content of nutrients in the plant (protein, fiber, fat, nitrogen-free extractables, ash) and water-soluble substances (C, CO2, Ca, Mg). It was found that the ash content in plants almost does not change in the phases of vegetation with the age of plants and ranges from 9,11-10,05%, respectively, and the calcium content was at the level of 3,67- 4,90. The content of «crude» fiber was determined using the Soxlet apparatus, the content of calcium cations in the soil was evaluated by the complexometric method, and the Kjeldahl method was used to determine crude protein, crude fat by ether extraction, nitrogen-free extractives in ash by precipitation with a saturated solution of ammonium oxalate, and phosphorus by the colorimetric method. The nutritional value of Eurotia Ceratoides latens has been revealed.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВАЛИДАЦИОННЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК МЕТОДИК ИСПЫТАНИЯ НА ПОДЛИННОСТЬ И КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННОГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ АЦИЗОЛА В СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ГЕЛЕ

In the quality assurance system for medicinal products, an important role is played by the procedure for validation of analytical methods at the stages of development, testing, technology and serial production. The need for validation at the stage of drug development is due to the fact that it is possible to promptly identify the shortcomings of the method and significantly improve it. The purpose of this study is to validate methods for testing «The authenticity» and «Quantitative determination» of acyzole in dental gel. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, an active pharmaceutical substance of pharmacopoeial quality was used. When developing methods for testing for “Authenticity,” a reaction with oxalic acid to the zinc cation determined in the composition of acyzole was used. For the quantitative determination of acyzole, the complexometric method was used. The objects of the study were three series of gel samples. Results and discussion. As a result of the research, a method for testing «Authenticity» was developed; it was found that the proposed method is characterized by a negative analytical signal on model mixtures free of the analyte component and placebo, and a positive analytical signal on model mixtures of various compositions containing the analyte component. The validation characteristics of methods for the quantitative determination of acyzole in the gel were studied. positive results were obtained. The proposed methods can be used for inclusion in the regulatory documentation for the developed gel. Conclusion. When assessing the validation characteristics of the proposed methods, it was established that the methods for testing the «Authenticity» and «Quantitative determination» of acyzole in the gel are specific, the methods of quantitative determination are characterized by accuracy and repeatability, a linear dependence in the analytical range of ±20% of the declared amount of acyzole, which allows them to be used for a reliable assessment quality of the developed dental gel.

Analisis Kadar Kesadahan Total Pada Air Sumur dan Air PDAM Metode Kompleksometri di Kaliabang Bekasi

Water is a natural resource that is very necessary for the life of many people. Good water is water that meets the requirements of physics, microbiology, chemistry. Chemically there is no water in the form of chemicals Arsenic, Iron, chloride, and hardness in the form of CaCO3. Hardness is a condition with excessive lime content in the water. Hardness with high concentrations consumed in the long term can be detrimental to health. Several factors that interfere with residents' wells are the presence of white sediment in the water which causes public health problems, and the frequent blockage of the pipeline used. The method used is the complexometric method, this kind of research is descriptive in nature. The results of checking the well water obtained Ca levels, namely 100 ppm and Mg, namely 61.44 ppm, while the results of checking tap water with Ca kadae were 150.2 ppm and Mg levels were 75.80 ppm. From the results of this study it can be concluded that well water and pump water can be used for consumption because they have a low hardness value.

Analisis Kadar Kesadahan Total Pada Air Sumur dan Air PDAM Metode Kompleksometri di Kaliabang Bekasi

Water is a natural resource that is very necessary for the life of many people. Good water is water that meets the requirements of physics, microbiology, chemistry. Chemically there is no water in the form of chemicals Arsenic, Iron, chloride, and hardness in the form of CaCO3. Hardness is a condition with excessive lime content in the water. Hardness with high concentrations consumed in the long term can be detrimental to health. Several factors that interfere with residents' wells are the presence of white sediment in the water which causes public health problems, and the frequent blockage of the pipeline used. The method used is the complexometric method, this kind of research is descriptive in nature. The results of checking the well water obtained Ca levels, namely 100 ppm and Mg, namely 61.44 ppm, while the results of checking tap water with Ca kadae were 150.2 ppm and Mg levels were 75.80 ppm. From the results of this study it can be concluded that well water and pump water can be used for consumption because they have a low hardness value.

Validation of Analytical Methods for Quality Control of Gel for Dentin Remineralization

Introduction. As a result of a complex of scientific and experimental studies carried out at the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology of the State Pharmacy of Pharmaceuticals, a gel was developed for remineralization of dentin in order to carry out drug treatment of medium and deep caries. In the developed gel, along with the remineralizing effect, an antibacterial effect was achieved, which is necessary in the treatment of dentin caries due to the introduction of chlorhexidine bigluconate (CHB). The proposed composition simultaneously contains the main remineralizing ions – calcium, phosphate and fluoride in a free active state. Due to this, a significant increase in their penetration into the dentin is ensured. During the preparation of regulatory documentation for the gel for the treatment of dentine caries, validation of methods designed to control the quality of active substances was carried out.Aim. Validation of methods for testing the authenticity and quantification of active substances in the gel for dentine remineralization.Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, active pharmaceutical substances of pharmacopoeial quality are used. When developing test methods, pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial reactions to reacting cations and anions were used. For the quantitative determination of the chloride compound, the complexometric method, the back titration method is used, for potassium phosphate, the disubstituted acidimetric method, for sodium fluoride, the photoelectrocolorimetric method, for chlorhexidine bigluconate, the lauryl sulfate method. The objects of study were five serial samples of gels.Results and discussion. As a result of the studies, methods of testing for authenticity were developed, it was found that the proposed methods are characterized by a negative analytical signal on model mixtures free of the analyte and placebo, and a positive analytical signal on model mixtures of various compositions containing the analyte. The validation characteristics of methods for the quantitative determination of active substances in the gel were studied, positive results were obtained, the proposed methods can be used for inclusion in the regulatory documentation for the developed gel.Conclusion. When evaluating the validation characteristics of the proposed methods, it was found that the methods of testing for authenticity and quantitative determination of active substances in the gel are specific, the methods of quantitative determination are characterized by accuracy and repeatability, a linear dependence in the analytical region of ±20 % of the declared amount of active substances, which allows them to be used for reliable assessment of the quality of the developed gel.

Uji Kadar Zat Besi (Fe) Sediaan Obat Tablet Tambah Darah (Ferro Fumarat) dengan Metode Kompleksometri

Iron is a very important element to form hemoglobin (Hb). Blood supplement tablets which are often consumed in the process of g iron are ferro fumarate. The aims is determine the levels of iron (Fe) contained in blood supplement drugs (ferro fumarate). This type of research was a laboratory experiment using the complexometric method and a complex forming substance, namely disodium ethylene diamine tetra acetate (Na2EDTA). A sample of blood supplement tablets (ferro fumarate) which was prepared in 10 tablets was made into powder and then 150 mg was taken and titrated with Na2EDTA as the titrant and using the Erichrome Black T (EBT) indicator resulting in a purple titration end point turning blue. The results showed that the level of iron (Fe) in the blood supplement sample (ferro fumarate) was 200%.

Uji Kadar Zat Besi (Fe) Dalam Sediaan Obat Tambah Darah (Ferro Fumarat) Dengan Metode Kompleksometri

Iron is a very important element to form hemoglobin (Hb). Blood supplement tablets which are often consumed in the process of adding iron are ferro fumarate, so this study aims to determine the levels of iron (Fe) contained in blood supplement drugs (ferro fumarate). This type of research was a laboratory experiment using the complexometric method and a complex forming substance, namely disodium ethylene diamine tetra acetate (Na2EDTA). A sample of blood supplement tablets (ferro fumarate) which was prepared in 10 tablets was made into powder and then 150 mg was taken and titrated with Na2EDTA as the titrant and using the Erichrome Black T (EBT) indicator resulting in a purple titration end point turning blue. The results showed that the level of iron (Fe) in the blood supplement sample (ferro fumarate) was 200%.

Complexation study of Bi3+ metal ion with 8-Hydroxyquinoline based azo dye and its antimicrobial activities

The metal complex between Bi3+ and 8-hydroxyquinoline-based azo dye (Bi3+ -8-HDQ) was prepared and characterized by UV-Visible, IR, SEM and powder XRD analysis. A spectroscopic peak of complex formation appears at 340 nm. The azo dye of 8-hydroxy-quinoline is a typical indicator to determine bismuth ions (III) using the complexometric method. The antimicrobial activity of the complex results in a high zone of inhibition in the range of 12 mm to 14 mm.

Dynamics of biochemical parameters of blood of cows during the dry period for stall keeping

The period of stable keeping of cows is one of the most difficult periods for the body, as it is the most saturated with stressful influences, and precisely due to the lack of solar insolation and exercise, the action of potentially pathogenic microflora and increased gassing of livestock premises, shortage vitamins, micro- and macroelements in feed. Deep calving animals have metabolic disorders without clinical signs. Such a form pathologies can be detected only through biochemical research.The content of total protein was determined by biuret`s method, albumins ‒ by reaction with bromocresol green, activity alanine and aspartate aminotransferase ‒ by the Reitman-Frenkel method, activity alkaline phosphatase ‒ with disodium phenyl phosphate, acid capacity ‒ by Bolshakov-Belyaev technique, carotene content ‒ by photometric method, content of total calcium ‒ by the complexometric method, the content of carotene ‒ photometric method. The purpose of our work was to study the dynamics of protein and mineral meabolism in cows during the dry period for stall keeping. The object of the study was cows (15 heads) of the Holstein breed with a milk yield of 5‒6 thousand kg per lactation for 8‒9 months of pregnancy. It was found that the total protein of the cows organism decreased in the last months of pregnancy during the dry period from 87.25 ± 1.20 to 81.60 ± 1.20 g/l (Р < 0.05), including the globulin fraction from 51.96 ± 2.08 to 43.75 ± 2.07 g/l (Р < 0.05) and other indicators of protein metabolism changed. The g-globulin fraction significantly decreased from 28.53 g/l to 22.97 g/l (Р < 0.01). In our opinion, this is due to a decrease in the activity of the mother's body defenses to prevent the development of a reaction to the fetal tissue, which is a foreign organism. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase decreased by 8.5 months of pregnancy to 150.26 ± 13.59 nM/s·L (Р < 0.01), and then tended to increase to 187.19 ± 9.21 nM/s·L (Р < 0.05). Such a change in the activity of this enzyme in late pregnancy is associated with an increase in the processes of self-renewal of proteins due to transamination, which can be used more intensively by the fetus. The calcium content decreased by 1.14 times during the dry period. This fact, in our opinion, is associated with the intensive development and formation of the fetal skeleton. This is also evidenced by a significant increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase (1.29 times, Р < 0.01). Changes in total calcium and inorganic phosphorus were strongly correlated (r = 1.0). The results obtained allow us to point out the causes of the identified deviations and offer recommendations for their elimination and correction of animal feeding.

Obtaining Portland Cement From Coal Ash Alay Deposit

In this article, the temperature regime and the amount of heat required for sintering a mixture obtained by burning coal with the addition of natural clay are investigated. The chemical composition of ash and natural clay, which are suitable for use as raw materials for the production of Portland cement and other building materials, has been studied. As a component for the manufacture of heavy, lightweight cellular concrete blocks, mortars and dry mortars. The chemical composition and quantitative content of substances was determined by the complexometric (volumetric) method.

Simple, fast and simultaneous determination of heavy metals in hair samples by SPE coupled with capillary electrophoresis

ABSTRACT A novel, simple, fast and sensitive method for the simultaneous analysis of heavy metals such as Cd(II), Cr(III), Co(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) in hair samples based on complexometric method with EDTA and using solid-phase extraction with graphene oxide coupled with capillary electrophoresis has been developed. Under the optimised conditions, the proposed methodology had limits of detection from 5.7 to 16.8 µg kg−1 with intra- and inter-day repeatabilities <5% (in respect to relative standard deviation) in all cases. The proposed method was successfully employed for determination of heavy metals in the analysis of 20 hair samples. All samples were positive for at least one of the heavy metals studied with concentrations of 1.2 ± 1.0 mg kg−1 Cd(II), 7.2 ± 4.0 mg kg−1 Cr(III), 0.9 ± 0.8 mg kg−1 Co(II), 0.6 ± 0.2 mg kg−1 Pb(II) and 2.5 ± 0.3 mg kg−1 Cu(II). The method is an easy, robust and efficient strategy for determination of heavy metals in complex matrices.

Synthesis, characterization of some Cu(II) complexes of 1,2,4-triazine ligands and their evaluation as antimicrobial and antioxidant agent

Three Cu(II) complexes of as-triazines; 3-(2-Py)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine (PDT), 3-(2-Py)-5,6-bis-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazine (PBMPT) and 3-(2-Py)-5,6-bis(4-biphenyl)-1,2,4-triazine (PBBT) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, complexometric method, thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction studies, and conductivity measurements. FTIR spectroscopic data have confirmed the existence of Cu-N and Cu-O bonds in all three complexes as well as stretching frequencies of N = N and C = N complexes have been shifted towards lower frequencies in comparison with that of the ligands. In UV–Vis spectra, a bathochromic shift has been observed for the complexes due to variations in substituents in as-triazine ligands. Molar conductance measurement confirmed the non-electrolytic nature of the complexes. From the values of magnetic moment measurements, it can be concluded that all complexes belong to distorted octahedral geometry, and as-triazines act as a bidentate ligand and coordinate with the metal ion via nitrogen atoms of triazine and pyridine moiety respectively. Since metallotriazine complexes possess interesting biological and medicinal properties; antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of these as-triazine-copper(II) complexes were also studied. The results from antimicrobial studies show that all the complexes and as-triazines except PDT itself possess high antimicrobial activity. All the three synthesized complexes showed significant antioxidant DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 values in the range of 20–30 µg/mL.

Acceleration of Sm(III) → Sm(II) reduction under the combined action of the chemical reductant diisobutylaluminum hydride and UV irradiation

It was found a significant acceleration of the reduction of Sm(III) during the joint action of the chemical reductant iBu2AlH (Bu = C4H9) and UV irradiation on the SmCl3·(THF)x–iBu2AlH complex. This complex is formed in interaction of iBu2AlH with the SmCl3·6H2O suspension in THF. The reduction process of Sm(III) is effectively controlled due to change in time of the photoluminescence and absorption spectra of the reaction solution. The complexometric method and elemental analyzes, as well as the UV–visible and IR spectroscopy were used for identification of the chemical composition of the SmCl2·(THF)2 complex, which was isolated from the reaction solution of a more bulky complex SmCl2·(THF)x–iBu2AlH. This bulky complex, like other known lanthanide Ziegler-Natta catalysts, is perspective as a catalyst for a number of organic reactions. Besides, it is advanced as a very efficient enhancer of chemiluminescent redox reactions of organoaluminum compounds. The mechanism of the Sm(III) ion reduction is proposed, which includes photolysis of the Al–H bond in the iBu2AlH hydride with the formation of atomic hydrogen (H). The latter, attacking complex SmCl3·(THF)x–iBu2AlH, reduces of Sm(III) to Sm(II).

Comparative assessment of commodity indicators of alder leaves of different types

The article presents data on the study of commodity indicators of black, gray and heart-leaved alder leaves harvested from wild plants. The moisture content was determined for all the studied samples. Common ash. Ash insoluble in a 10% solution of hydrochloric acid, organic and mineral impurities, parts of the plant that have lost their natural color. The complexometric titration method determined the content of tannins in the raw material, the content of which in the amount of 4.56 to 8.59%, allows considering this type of raw material as a promising additional source of phytopreparations.

A Highly Selective Complexometric Determination of Mercury(II) using L-Tyrosine as a Masking agent

Determination of mercury in the existence of various other metal ions, a transparent speedy and accurate complexometric method is described, depending on the selective masking ability of L-Tyrosine towards Hg (II). Along with other associated metal ions, Hg (II) present in a given sample solution is first complexed with an surplus of EDTA and the leftover EDTA is titrated with Zinc sulfate solution in the presence of xylenol orange as an indicator at pH 5.0-6.0.A known excess of 0.02M L-Tyrosine solution is then added to discharge the EDTA from Hg (II)-EDTA complex and then it is mixed well. The displaced EDTA is again titrated with a Zinc sulfate solution. The method goes well in the range 4-80 mg of mercury (II) with the relative error ±0.4 and standard deviation ≤0.05 mg. The issue of the existence of various metal ions on the exactitude of the results has been studied. And the method can be applied for the determination of Mercury in alloys, in its synthetic mixtures of ions and its complexes.

Complexometric method for determining the general hardness of surface waters

Complexometric method for determining the general hardness of surface waters

The study of the most appropriate ways of extracting tannins from creeping thyme in the flora of Azerbaijan

The research subject is the analysis of the chemical composition of the creeping thyme, particularly, the establishment of the most appropriate ways to extract tannins from its elements. The need for this research is determined by the fact that traditional and scientific medicine are based on the herbal substances resources, and the study of wild medical plants is of a great importance. From this perspective, plants of the thyme genus (Thymus) of the Lamiaceae family are of undoubted interest. Raw materials for the research were prepared in the mountainous regions of Azerbaijan, in places of natural growth of this plant. The research is based on two methods: permanganometric and complexometric. The research results demonstrate that the higher percentage of tannins was formed when using the complexometric method of extraction, which is the most objective in defining the percentage of tannins in the chemical composition of the creeping thyme, than when using the permanganometric method. The research also helped define the highest percentage of tannins in the chemical composition of the creeping thyme of certain fineness, with a certain type of extraction agent and certain time of extraction. For this purpose, the authors conduct the experiments with three sizes and proportions of the raw material and the extraction agent correspondingly, and three variants of extraction time.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;

Analisis proximal y contenido de hierro y calcio de Nostoc sphaericum “cushuro” deshidratado procedente de la laguna de Conococha, Catac – Huaraz

The present research work is of simple descriptive non-experimental design and was carried out with the purpose of determining the proximal analysis of proteins, iron and calcium in dry samples of Nostoc sphaericum “cushuro” from the Laguna de Conococha, District of Catac, Province of Huaraz, Department of Ancash. The analysis of results was performed in the Excel 2016 program, through descriptive statistical parameters as average and standard deviation. For the determination of proximal analysis in 100g of pulverized Nostoc sphaericum “cushuro”, the Kjeldahl method was used, finding 26.68 ± 0.01% protein, 0.21 ± 0.03% fat, 5.77 ± 0.11% crude fiber, 11.23 ± 0.42% moisture, 7.77 ± 0.01% ash. For the determination of iron, the colorimetric method based on reactions with orthoferantothroline was used, finding 15.72 ± 2.07 mg/100g of dry sample, and for calcium the complexometric method was applied by titration with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), obtaining 1224.4 mg of Ca/100g of dehydrated “cushuro” as a result. It is concluded that dehydrated Nostoc sphaericum “cushuro” is important in the diet because of its high protein, iron and calcium content and indispensable for its use in the treatment of anemia, malnutrition and osteoporosis.

Получение золь-гель пасты в комплексный системе ВаСl2-SrCl2-Sв2О3 на основе лимонной кислоты и Н2О при температурном интервале 40-42 °С

The article investigated the preparation of sol-gel paste from many component substances barium chloride (BaCl2), strontium chloride (SrCl2), antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), citric acid in a liquid medium by the complexometric (chelate) method. During the reaction, the pH of the medium was 5.5 units, temperature conditions 40–42 °C. For efficient complex formation, an electric mixer was used. The ratio of multicomponent substances was according to the following formula BaIx ∙ SrIx ∙ SbIx ∙ CAIx (where X = I:I:I:I). This reaction was studied, complexes with metal ions. Thus, the sol-gel process includes hydrolysis at temperature conditions, and the mechanical effects of the latter processes occur during further polymerization and a viscous resin (gel) is formed. A homogeneous white paste is obtained, which is nanosubstances.