Complex Visual-motor Reaction Research Articles

THE IMPACT OF STRESS-ASSOCIATED DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS ON THE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF OPERATORS OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

Introduction. In the conditions of martial law, an important role belongs to modern military equipment, which includes unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Оperators of UAS in the course of combat missions are significantly affected by the stress factor. It provokes the occurrence of stress-associated diseases in them, therefore, studying the specifics of the impact of stress-associated diseases on the psychophysiological state of operators determines the relevance of this study. The purpose of the study. To establish the patterns of influence of stress-associated diseases of the digestive organs on the psychophysiological state of the operators of unmanned aircraft systems. Materials and methods. In the course of the research, 94 operators of UAS under the age of 40 were examined, who were then divided into groups based on their health status. The examination was carried out using modern modified methods implemented on the basis of the software and hardware complex for psychophysiological research «PFI-2». The results. It has been proven that stress-associated diseases of the digestive organs significantly worsen (p<0,05) the psychophysiological state of operators of UAS in a sufficiently large number of professionally important psychophysiological qualities. The reliable influence of the «state of health» factor on the indicators of simple and complex visual-motor reaction of operators of UAS is shown. The analysis of correlation constellations according to cognitive parameters showed that 6 of them are observed in healthy operators, 2 in mildly ill patients, and 1 in severely ill patients, that is, the system of connections between cognitive functions breaks down quite strongly with the development of stress-associated diseases of the digestive organs. There is a natural decrease in the number of connections in the series «healthy (13) – mildly ill (10) – severely ill (5)». It is shown that the stress that causes the disease fundamentally destroys the system of ensuring professional activity. Conclusions. It was established that stress-associated diseases of the digestive organs negatively affect the psychophysiological state of operators. The degree of degradation of the structure of correlation relations (р=0,0491) as a result of the influence of the stress factor on the operators was revealed. A hypothesis regarding the destruction of the system of connections between cognitive psychophysiological parameters depending on the «severity of the disease» is proposed. The need to develop a set of measures to prevent the development of stress-related diseases among operators of UAS has been established.

Психофизиологические особенности молодых людей с признаками интернет-зависимости

<p>The purpose of this work is to study the psychophysiological features and characteristics of the activity of the central nervous system in young people with signs of Internet addiction. Young people were investigated, students of grades 10-11 of Tyumen gymnasiums, as well as students of 1-3 courses of Tyumen State University were studied. Internet addiction was determined by the Chen test, the average screen time spent online using mobile gadgets was recorded, the level of anxiety was determined when modeling the symptom of network access cancellation. Cognitive plasticity was determined by the Stroop method. The properties of the central nervous system were studied using a Symbol Cancellation Test (Landolt rings), the critical frequency of the fusion of flickers, the time of simple and complex visual-motor reactions were measured. The following results were found: in gymnasium students with signs of Internet addiction, significant cognitive rigidity was recorded in congruent (1.19 ± 0.05 s per solution; p<0.01 with control) and non-congruent (1.49 ± 0.08 s per solution; p<0.001 with control) Scab samples, respectively. In the group with Internet addiction, low reliability of work on the Landolt test was also noted (Kp 16.24 ± 2.09%; p <0.001 with control), low accuracy of work (At 0.76 ± 0.03 units; p <0.001 with control) and more inert indicators of complex visual-motor reaction (436.66 ± 14.52 ms; p<0.001 with control).The most pronounced negative characteristics associated with low reliability of information processing, low endurance and ability to differentiate in the central nervous system, as well as reduced selective perception of information were noted in the group of gymnasium students and, in part, in the risk groups of gymnasium students and students.</p>

Complex visual-motor reaction of qualified goalkeepers in football

. The purpose of the work was to determine the reliability of the choice reaction test for monitoring the educational and training process of qualified football goalkeeper athletes. The following research methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodological literature and the Internet, medical and biological methods, pedagogical observation, methods of mathematical statistics. The corresponding calculations were carried out using the analysis package of the MS Excel computer program and the functions of the Statistica computer package. The study covered 11 goalkeepers in the Ukrainian Premier League. Complex reaction time was measured at the beginning of training sessions in ten attempts. The result was recorded with an accuracy of one millisecond.
 It was found that the individual variation of the results of complex reaction time measurements was at an average level (V=3.8÷22.1%). A statistically significant difference (p<0.001) was found in the complex reaction time between athletes (from 281.4±31.8 ms to 391.9±14.9 ms). The relative contribution of the difference in complex reaction time between athletes (28.5%) to the total variation was significantly smaller than the corresponding contribution of the variation between attempts (71.5%). According to the value of the intraclass correlation coefficient (IСС =0.747), the reliability of the latent time test can be estimated as acceptable. The test can be used for an individual approach in assessing the condition of goalkeepers in football and the appropriate management of his game activity.

Особливості застосування психофізіологічних профілів операторів безпілотних авіаційних комплексів для професійного відбору

In order to develop new approaches to the psychophysiological selection of operators, 219 male servicemen aged 20 to 40 years old with experience in operating unmanned aerial systems of the first class Light and involved in a wide range of professional tasks were examined. To study their psychophysiological status, modified methods were used using the PFI-2 hardware and software complex. The following indicators were determined: accuracy of reaction to a moving object, strength of nervous processes, functional mobility of nervous processes, simple visual-motor reaction, complex visual-motor reaction, orientation in space, and visual memory. To identify a set of informative indicators that can best divide the analyzed group of operators into 3 clusters, a stepwise discriminant analysis was applied. The technique was developed to obtain several psychophysiological profiles of vocational aptitude, equally effective in terms of content. The statistical discrepancy of these profiles has been established. Ways of evaluating the superiority of these profiles have been shown. The principle of “necessary diversity” in the implementation of occupational psychophysiological selection of operators working in conditions with increased danger has been proposed and discussed. A number of advantages of using this principle to increase accuracy and expand the contingent of persons subject to occupational psychophysiological selection have been identified. The technology of graphical presentation of psychophysiological profiles of operators of unmanned aerial complexes was developed for the purpose of assessment of suitability for professional tasks.

Reliability of рsycho-physiological indicators in assessing the technical and tactical preparedness of highly qualified shooters

The aim of the work was to determine the reliability of a complex visual-motor reaction in assessing the technical and tactical preparedness of highly qualified athletes in bullet shooting. The following research methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodological literature and the Internet, medical and biological methods, pedagogical observation, and methods of mathematical statistics. The corresponding calculations were carried out using the analysis package of the MS Excel computer program and the functions of the Statistica computer package. 11 highly qualified athletes in bullet shooting took part in the study. For each athlete, the reaction time was determined in ten attempts. A statistically significant difference (p<0.001) was found in the reaction time between shooters: from 303.7±37.7 ms to 457.6±39.0 ms. According to the value of this coefficient (IСС=0.833), the reliability of the latent time test can be estimated as acceptable. The test is recommended to be used to study the special training of highly qualified athletes in shooting.

Особливості психофізіологічних характеристик дітей 7–9 років, які займаються водними лижами

In recent years, water skiing is gaining more and more popularity in Ukraine and the world. Despite the fact that water skiing is not an Olympic sport, it is very popular. Water skiing is a sport and entertainment at the same time. International competitions held in water skiing - European Championships and World Championships. The stage of initial training in water skiing falls on the age of 7-9 years. At this age, children’s aptitudes and abilities are revealed, their health is strengthened, young athletes master the basics of water skiing. Therefore, it is very important at this age to determine the psychophysiological characteristics of children who start water skiing. The purpose of the study was to determine and analyze the psychophysiological characteristics of children 7-9 years old who are engaged in water skiing. Research materials and methods. During the research, the methods of theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, pedagogical analysis, testing of psychophysiological indicators using the software and hardware complex «BOS-test» were used. The results. Based on the results of the study, the psychophysiological characteristics of water skiers were determined based on the indicators of simple visualmotor reaction, complex visual-motor reaction, reaction to a moving object, and a tapping test. These indicators provide information on the speed of reaction and decision-making in difficult situations, determine the level of stress resistance and the degree of development of anticipation processes, as well as the type of nervous system. Conclusions. Determination of the individual psychophysiological characteristics of children engaged in water skiing is necessary for the rational planning and construction of the training process of water skiers.

Comparative characteristics of professionally important psychophysiological parameters of operators of unmanned aircraft complexes, practically healthy and patients with stress-associated diseases

Annotation. The article is devoted to the study and comparison of the professionally important psychophysiological parameters of the operators of unmanned aerial systems (UAVs), practically healthy (40 people) and those suffering from stress-related diseases (80 people), who are serving in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In patients with stress-associated diseases of UAVs operators, we found the significance of the changes in the indicators of the latent period of simple and complex visual-motor reaction, balance during the study of the reaction to a moving object, and the number of false marks when performing a concentration test with a reliability of p<0.05. The structure of the correlations of practically healthy and patients with stress-related diseases of UAVs operators in the parameters of concentration of attention, orientation in space and short-term visual memory are definitely different, which indicates a major restructuring of the functional system of the operators' professional activity in these aspects. Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of such changes, it is necessary to develop a set of organizational and medical measures to compensate for the negative impact of stress-associated diseases on the functional state of UAVs operators.

Visual-Motor Reaction Parameters as Indicators of Fatigue in Emergency Medical Personnel

Introduction: Factors of the work environment affect the functional state of the central nervous system of employees, which is manifested by changes in sensorimotor reactions. Professional tasks of emergency medical personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic determine high requirements for the stability of functional systems of the body. Objective: To study the influence of professional activities on the mobility of central nervous processes in ambulance workers. Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the Ryazan City Clinical Emergency Hospital in 2021. It included 44 ambulance workers (12 doctors and 32 paramedics), 12 men and 32 women with the mean age of 35.77 ± 3.39 years, working a 24-hour shift followed by 72 hours off. We studied parameters of the complex visual-motor reaction of the subjects including the average response times and the Whipple’s index using the “NS-Psychotest” computer complex equipped with the visual-motor analyzer. The data were analyzed using the Data Analysis ToolPak in Microsoft Excel 2007. Results: The established statistically significant increase in the average response time of ambulance employees by 60.75 ms (p < 0.001) by the end of the work shift indicates changes in the functional state of the central nervous system caused by fatigue. The analysis of the dynamics of indicators between the beginnings of neighboring shifts revealed positive trends expressed by an average decrease in the response time by 77.67 ms (p = 0.002) and an increase in the Whipple’s index by 0.07 (p < 0.0001) in most subjects after the regulated rest period, thus indicating the effectiveness of the processes of functional restoration of the central nervous system. Conclusions: By the end of the work shift, ambulance workers demonstrated increased average visual-motor reaction times. Age under 30 and 0–5-year work experience are risk factors for poor professional adaptation proven by a high proportion of the subjects with a statistical increase in the average reaction time during the work shift. Stabilization of the dynamics of inter-shift indicators when compared at the beginning of adjacent shifts indicates proper functional restoration of the central nervous system of emergency medical personnel during the 72-hour rest period.

Психофизиологические корреляты копинг-поведения у лиц юношеского возраста, перенесших COVID-19

The global nature of the epidemiological situation associated with the spread of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and the multidisciplinary nature of the problem of psychophysiological disorders in people who have suffered from this disease has led to the need for a comprehensive study of the factors affecting postcovid recovery. Taking into account the nature of the problem posed, the purpose of the presented work was to study the relationship of psychophysiological parameters with indicators of stress-overcoming (coping) behavior in adolescents who have undergone COVID-19. The study included 54 students of Kemerovo State University, who were divided into a group of COVID-19 patients and a group without symptoms of the disease. To assess coping behavior, the questionnaire «Ways of Coping Question-naire» was used (Folkman, Lazarus; adaptation of Kryukova et al.). An automated computer complex “PFK” was used to study psychophysiological indicators. The following psychophysiological indicators were evaluated: simple visual-motor reaction, complex visual-motor reaction, anticipations and delays in assessing the reaction to a moving object, concentration and volume of attention, brain performance, the level of functional mobility of nervous processes, short-term memory for numbers and words, random access memory. According to the results of the correlation analysis, the interrelations between avoidant forms of coping behavior, such as “distancing”, “escape-avoidance”, “positive reassessment” with indicators of memory, attention, mobility of nervous processes, the number of inaccurate reactions to a moving object and the working capacity of the brain were recorded, which indicates a link between the increase in psychophysiological and cognitive disorders and preference in choosing care from stressful situations after a disease. Deterioration of memory and functioning of the nervous system lead to more frequent requests for support from others to receive additional help from them. The weakening of the nervous system also leads to more frequent use of productive coping strategies “taking responsibility” and “planning problem solving”, which, at the same time, additionally make it possible to compensate for cognitive impairments by performing tasks more accurately. In the group that did not have symptoms of COVID-19, no significant correlations were found between coping avoidance strategies and psychophysiological or cognitive impairments. Based on the results obtained, it can be assumed that the restoration of cognitive functions during psychocorrective work will make it possible to actualize the patient's choice of productive coping strategies and switch to a healthy behavior model.

Interrelation of individual-personal qualities and dynamics of functional states participants of the sea Arctic expedition

The issues of psychological adaptation of a person to the extreme conditions of the Arctic continue to be relevant at the present time. Dynamic monitoring of human functional states is an effective technology that allows timely identification of the level of human adaptation to the conditions of the North and implementation of preventive measures to maintain health in extreme working conditions. The aim of the study is to identify and describe the relationship of individual-personal qualities and the dynamics of the functional states of the participants of the marine Arctic expedition. Methods. Psychophysiological testing using the device UPFT-1/30-«Psychophysiolog» (variational cardiointervalometry, complex visual-motor reaction); color preference test (M. Luscher, adapted by L. N. Sobchik) with calculation of interpretation coefficients by G. A. Aminev; Five-factor personality questionnaire (R. McCrae and P. Costa, adapted by A. B. Khromov); statistical methods: descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, correlation analysis using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The study was conducted daily in the morning and evening for 20 days on the research vessel Mikhail Somov in June 2021. The study involved 39 people, including participants in the scientific and educational expeditionary project “Arctic Floating University–2021”. Results. The dynamics of psychophysiological and projective psychological parameters of the functional states of the expedition members as a whole is characterized by favorable levels, which indicates their adaptation to the conditions of high latitudes. According to the results of the correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships were revealed between the dynamics of functional states and such individual-personal qualities as: extraversion − introversion and attachment − separation. Conclusion. The results of the study are consistent with the data of previous expeditions of the “Arctic floating university” and other polar expeditions. The revealed interrelations of functional states with different personality characteristics of the participants testify in favor of the complex nature of the study using different groups of diagnostic methods.

Hygienic problems of LED lighting

The work is devoted to the physiological and hygienic safety of the use of LED light sources, the analysis of domestic and foreign materials, the analysis of working conditions and training when using LED lamps. The literature was searched in the databases Scopus, Web of Science, etc. The study of the biological effect of light on humans remains an urgent problem of lighting hygiene. The authors of the article outlined their attitude to a number of scientific papers on this issue, choosing the most significant ones. The authors of the article studied over 23 works on the scientific study of the effect of LED lighting on the human body in comparison with fluorescent and incandescent paws. The studies carried out to assess the impact of LED lighting on the functional state and performance of railway workers using approved professional selection methods revealed negative changes. This was expressed in a slight decrease in the functional resistance to color discrimination of green and red signals, as well as in an increase in the response time of a complex visual-motor reaction and a significant decrease in the readiness for emergency action of the examined persons. Studies have shown that LED lighting affects not only the eyes, but also the human hormonal system, its psychophysiological state, performance and fatigue. Ethics. This study did not require an ethics committee opinion.

Seasonal dynamics in functional state of nervous system among skiers of the military age based on visual-motor response: cohort study

INTRODUCTION: Athlete’s training activity in conditions of the European North involves severe physical exertion in extreme climatic conditions. In this case emerging physiological and meteopathic reactions might have a negative impact on the functional state of persons of military age.OBJECTIVE: Identify the characteristics of seasonal changes in the state of nervous system among skiers of the military age.MATERIALS AND METHODS: 20 skiers of the military age took part in the study. It was carries out over a year and included 4 stages, complying with the stages of athletes’ preparation. During the work by means of the device «Psychophysiologist» there was recording indicators of mean, minimum and mean-square deviation of time of simple and complex visual-motor reaction and also the duration of cardiointervals. Statistics: Statistical software package SPSS 20.0 was used for analyzing the results.RESULTS: As a result of the study, it was found that the skiers experience deterioration of visual-motor reaction with the increasing impact of training activities and negative factors of the north.CONCLUSION: Functioning of the athlete’s body in conditions of the European North leads to deterioration of indicators of nervous system activation level and capacity in the winter training period.

Comprehensive training of statistics judges in basketball before the game season

The purpose of the study: to develop and experimentally substantiate a methodology for the comprehensive training of statisticians in basketball based on the use of special exercises. Participants: 40 basketball statisticians from different cities of Ukraine, aged 18-21. Research methods: analysis of literature data, testing of physical fitness and psychophysiological capabilities. Results: a methodology for the comprehensive training of statisticians has been developed, which includes physical exercises, exercises for the development and improvement of simple and complex reactions, choice reactions, exercises for the reaction of discrimination and switching, exercises for training reactions to a moving object. It was revealed that at the end of the experiment, significantly (p<0.05; p<0.01) improved the performance of the tests: "flexion-extension of the arms in the lying position for 30 s", "jumping with a rope for 1 min", "test" Ruler " , test "Reaction to an object", "transfer time of chips 5, 20 mm", "errors simple and complex visual-motor reaction.

Integral development of coordination and cognitive abilities of basketball players in groups of initial training

Purpose: to determine the impact of the application of experimental methods on the integral development of coordination and cognitive abilities of young basketball players 6-7 years old. Material: the study was attended by 23 kids aged 6-7 years. Children were divided into two groups, 11 kids into control group and 12 kids into experimental group. Results: in the experimental group, as a result of the application of the developed methodology, was seen a significant improvement in the results of the "Romberg test", "running to numbered balls", "shuttle run 4x9m with a basketball ball", "Kopylov test", the latent time of a simple visual motor reaction, latent time of complex visual-motor reaction in "choosing two elements from three", "choosing a point in space", the number of errors in the test "choosing two elements from three". Conclusions: was seen the positive influence of the developed technique on the level of coordination and cognitive abilities of young basketball players.

Разработка новой концепции оценки напряженности труда пилотов гражданской авиации

The article describes a concept for assessing labor intensity (LI) developed by the authors. This concept is based on the results produced by comprehensive assessment of the current working conditions, by analyzing the psychophysiological state of civil aviation (CI) pilots in flight, as well as by assessing a contribution made by flight loads and signs of fatigue to an increase in a risk of aviation accidents (AA). It has been established that, according to sanitary and hygienic profiles, LI levels at all workplaces of civil aviation pilots correspond to harmful working conditions, which are aggravated by exposure to four other harmful factors (noise, microclimate, vibration, and working posture) in 48 % of cases. The research results have shown that the risks of fatigue increase significantly after 5 hours of flight. This fatigue manifests itself in the growing number of gaze fixations by 11 %; an increase in an average latency period of a complex visual-motor reaction, by 12 %; the growing number of significant errors for flight safety, by 50 %. All these processes occur in the absence of physiological recovery of the cardiovascular system, p < 0.05. Pilots who are in a state of fatigue and stress due to violated work and rest regimes tend to have more AA. This accounts for at least 8.4 % of cases from all others causes. It is proposed to introduce the 3rd degree of harmfulness for strenuous work, as well as new LI indicators for sensory, informational and intellectual loads, such as an increase in a time required to fix the gaze on a device (in %), the frequency of image / value change on a screen (times/min), the volume of information flows per unit of time (bps), and the number of multifunctional devices (more than 10 bits per second). It has been established that the assessment of LI should be supplemented with specific indicators of the flight load and work regimes. These indicators include the number of takeoffs and landings, the number of crossed time zones, the number of stress factors during a flight, and the number of night flight shifts per week. They are directly related to developing fatigue among pilots and an increased risk of AA occurrence.

Development of a new concept for assessing labor intensity of civil aviation pilots

The article describes a concept for assessing labor intensity (LI) developed by the authors. This concept is based on the results produced by comprehensive assessment of the current working conditions, by analyzing the psychophysiological state of civil aviation (CI) pilots in flight, as well as by assessing a contribution made by flight loads and signs of fatigue to an increase in a risk of aviation accidents (AA). It has been established that, according to sanitary and hygienic profiles, LI levels at all workplaces of civil aviation pilots correspond to harmful working conditions, which are aggravated by exposure to four other harmful factors (noise, microclimate, vibration, and working posture) in 48 % of cases. The research results have shown that the risks of fatigue increase significantly after 5 hours of flight. This fatigue manifests itself in the growing number of gaze fixations by 11 %; an increase in an average latency period of a complex visual-motor reaction, by 12 %; the growing number of significant errors for flight safety, by 50 %. All these processes occur in the absence of physiological recovery of the cardiovascular system, p < 0.05. Pilots who are in a state of fatigue and stress due to violated work and rest regimes tend to have more AA. This accounts for at least 8.4 % of cases from all others causes. It is proposed to introduce the 3rd degree of harmfulness for strenuous work, as well as new LI indicators for sensory, informational and intellectual loads, such as an increase in a time required to fix the gaze on a device (in %), the frequency of image / value change on a screen (times/min), the volume of information flows per unit of time (bps), and the number of multifunctional devices (more than 10 bits per second). It has been established that the assessment of LI should be supplemented with specific indicators of the flight load and work regimes. These indicators include the number of takeoffs and landings, the number of crossed time zones, the number of stress factors during a flight, and the number of night flight shifts per week. They are directly related to developing fatigue among pilots and an increased risk of AA occurrence.

Peculiarities of psychophysiological state of car drivers in the dynamics of the working shift

Introduction. Fatigue driving is one of the main causes of accidents. According to statistics, up to 30% of road traffic accidents occur due to driving in a state of fatigue or tiredness. To prevent the onset of accidents and injuries to drivers, it is necessary to study the functional capabilities of employees in order to optimize work modes and justify the duration of the working day depending on age and health group. The aim of the work is to study changes in the psychophysiological state of drivers of light vehicles of different age groups in the dynamics of work shifts. Materials and methods. To assess the work intensity of drivers, an analysis of the indicators of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems was carried out. Assessment of the state of the central nervous system was determined using a blank test with Landolt rings and a complex visual-motor reaction. The state of the cardiovascular system was determined by blood pressure indicators by the Korotkov method, registration of heart rate, the index of functional changes in the circulatory system according to Baevsky was calculated. A hygienic assessment of the heaviness and intensity of the labor process was carried out according to the Guidelines R 2.2.2006-05. Results. According to the results of the hygienic assessment, it was found that the work of drivers of light vehicles corresponds to class 3.1 in terms of heaviness and class 3.2 in terms of the intensity of the labor process. In the dynamics of the drivers' daytime work shifts, a deterioration in the indicators of attention and reaction speed was revealed. It was found that the highly stressful work of drivers negatively affects the indicators of body systems, this is confirmed by high levels of diastolic, systolic pressure and an increase in heart rate during the entire work shift, which exceed the physiological norms of working stress. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate an overstrain of the body of drivers of passenger vehicles in the dynamics of the entire period of their examination, which, with chronic exposure, can contribute to the development of industrial-related diseases of the cardiovascular system. It is necessary to further develop recommendatory documents for specific categories of drivers of light vehicles, containing a system of preventive measures aimed at maintaining their performance during the work shift, which can include both a specialized set of physical exercises, gymnastics for the eyes, and methods of self-regulation and relaxation, used to normalize sleep, relieve stress, restore psychophysiological state, etc.

Secondary neurological outcomes in patients with brachiocephalic and coronary artery disease in the early postoperative period after simultaneous and hybrid surgical treatment

Aim. To compare secondary neurological outcomes in patients with brachiocephalic and coronary artery disease in the early postoperative period after different surgical treatment strategies (simultaneous and hybrid).Methods. Secondary neurological outcomes were evaluated in 43 patients with coronary and brachiocephalic artery disease in the early postoperative period after (1) carotid endarterectomy and on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery; (2) percutaneous coronary intervention and carotid endarterectomy. Demographic, clinical, instrumental data were collected. Neuropsychological assessment was performed using the Mini-Mental State Examination and Frontal Assessment Battery. Memory, attention and neurodynamics were measured using the “Status-PF” software at days 2–3 before the surgery and at days 5–7 after it. The presence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction was estimated on the basis of criteria defined as a 20% decline on 20% of the tests. Statistical analysis was performed using the software package “Statistica 10.0”.Results. Patients who underwent hybrid intervention demonstrated improved attention and memory in the early postoperative period. Complex visual-motor reaction significantly increased in patients after simultaneous surgery. Attention differed significantly in both groups. Thus, patients from the hybrid group processed more characters per 1 and 4 minutes while completing the Bourdon proof reading test. The total number of processed characters prevailed in the hybrid group. Cognitive processing speed was higher in the hybrid group according to the brain performance test. The incidence of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction was 60% in patients after simultaneous surgery and 11% in patients after hybrid surgery (p = 0.006, OR±SE 12.5±3.2).Conclusion. Hybrid intervention has shown its superiority over simultaneous intervention in terms of low rate of early cognitive impairment, thereby confirming the necessity to take into account the obtained results while selecting the optimal surgical treatment in patients with coronary and brachiocephalic artery disease present with cognitive deficits at baseline.

Experimental justification of directions for improving the methodological support of professional psychological selection of candidates for training in universities of the ministry of defense of the Russian Federation

This experimental study aimed to determine the possibility to increase the effectiveness of predicting the success of training and military-professional adaptation by applicants to universities of the Russian Federation Ministry of Defense by including professional psychological selection, an indicator of previously unused psychological survey methods and complex visual-motor reaction. Therefore, we examined the cadets of the VVI courses and used the results of the same groups of cadets when they pass the professional psychological selection. Mathematical and statistical data processing was carried out by discriminant analysis. The long-term forecast of successful training according to the professional psychological selection indicators is ineffective, and 61.7% of cadets have high academic performance. The inclusion of complex visual-motor reaction indicators significantly increases the reliability of the long-term forecast of high academic performance to 85.7%, overcoming the critical threshold of 75%. Additionally, by the end of the training, 10%12% of cadets developed chronic stress-induced somatic diseases, such as circulatory system (I00I99 according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problem 10th revision) and digestive system diseases (K00K93), indicating imperfect military-professional adaptation and reducing the professional activity reliability. Adding the study of complex visual-motor reaction indicators and a method that evaluates the neurotic manifestations to the existing tests in the professional psychological selection procedure is necessary to predict the propensity to stress-induced somatic diseases. The indicators in the prediction models of academic performance and propensity to stress-induced somatic diseases are different, which reflects the significant difference in their biopsychosocial mechanisms. Placing a double filter in the decisive selection rule is necessary to identify people with a forecast of high academic performance and identify stress-resistant people who are not prone to stress-induced somatic diseases among them. Developing weighting coefficients of every test block is necessary to conclude; however, the existing approach is assumed to be equivalent, that is, at variance with the complex biopsychosocial mechanism of professional reliability.

THE INFLUENCE OF DEPENDENCES OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DRIVERS

The article analyzes the "man-machine-environment" system in relation to the psychophysiological characteristics of the driver - "human operator". The methods of diagnosing the psychophysiological characteristics of drivers were analyzed. The dependencies between the parameters of psychophysiological characteristics were established: complex visual-motor reaction and emotional stability (Pearson correlation coefficient r = -0.7), as well as the correlation between emotional stability and the level of perception of speed and distance (r = 0.5). The psychophysiological characteristics at different stages of the driving experience were revealed and practical recommendations were formulated for their development.