Complex Technological Processes Research Articles

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF DESIGNING ANTI-CORRUPTION ACTS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ANTI-CORRUPTION

It has been established that international legal countermeasures against corruption are carried out at three levels: global (by the United Nations, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the World Bank, etc.); regional integration (Council of Europe, European Union, other integration associations); bilateral intergovernmental and interagency cooperation. There is no coordination of directions and means of combating corruption between them. Therefore, international anti-corruption activities at all three levels developed not only in different directions, but also in many ways spontaneously. It has been proven that the wide participation of international organizations in the fight against corruption and the variety of anti-corruption legal means used by them contribute to the concentration and coordination of the efforts of states in the fight against corruption. Another positive effect of the acts of international organizations is also noted: drawing the attention of civil society to the tasks of combating corruption, they significantly strengthen the potential for their full solution. On the other hand, the variety of subjects and legal forms of international legal anti-corruption often create legal conflicts between acts operating in this area. Such collisions create, for example, different approaches to defining the concept of corruption. It is noted that the concepts of designing anti-corruption acts, based on the ideas and methods of system design of complex technological processes and objects, are more and more widely used in the law-making practice of international organizations and states of the modern world. Their influence on the legal regulation of social relations is increasing, confirming that at the current stage of socio-economic, technological, informational development, the complication of social relations, the rapid increase in their quantitative parameters and indicators, the growing danger of man-made and natural disasters, the introduction of system design becomes impossible. It is gradually displacing the maximally ineffective under such conditions practices of «industry», «fragmentary», «point», «situational» legal regulation. It has been established that the systematic design of anti-corruption acts primarily involves conducting comprehensive studies of law-making initiatives. In the course of such studies, all factors that may affect the intended sphere (object) of legal regulation must be analyzed; the opinions, positions, and evaluations of not only regulatory and control-supervisory state bodies, but also potential participants in the projected legal relations should be taken into account.

ШЛИФОВАНИЕ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ВОССТАНОВЛЕННЫХ ПОРОШКОВЫМИ ТРУДНООБРАБАТЫВАЕМЫМИ МАТЕРИАЛАМИ

The article discusses the use of impregnated abrasive wheels for grinding the surface of recovered hard-to-process powder materials. The paper investigates the formation of a rough surface during internal grinding of cylinders of marine engines after restoration to their original dimensions, with powder materials of grades PG-CP2, PG-10H-0.2 containing nickel, chromium, iron and other hard-to-work metals, which during the restoration process create a special protective metal layer on the surface of the cylinders, the processing of which is very difficult It's difficult. Therefore, the grinding of the internal surfaces of the restored cylinders of marine engines is a complex technological process that proceeds in strict compliance with all technological operations, in stages. According to the results of the study, the influence of the rotation speed of the workpiece on the roughness of the inner surface of the sleeve, accompanied by grinding with impregnated grinding wheels, was revealed. It has been experimentally confirmed that when treated with impregnated abrasive wheels, the roughness of the polished surface decreases by about 1.5-1.8 times.

Possibilities of Using Phaseolus Vulgaris and Phaseolus Lunatus Beans in Pasta Production

In last decade, in scientific literature, various pulses dominate as raw material of new pasta development. The production of pulse pasta is complex technological process, generally based on extrusion technology. The aim of the study was to produce spaghetti-type pasta from Phaseolus vulgaris (variety unknown) and Phaseolus lunatus (variety Kontra). The recipes made with xanthan gum and corn starch as a binder, the optimal cooking time and water absorption capacity was determined. In the experiment, wheat semolina spaghetti was used as a control sample. Four types of spaghetti were prepared using a single-screw extruder, then dried in a rotary oven and stored until analysis. Pasta cooking properties have been determined. The obtained data were compared using t-test. There were significant differences between obtained spaghetti and control sample. The results confirm that beans can be used in pasta production.

VIBRATORY DRYERS AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN PRODUCTION

Drying of materials is a complex technological process used in various industries and often is one of the main stages of production. This process, in particular for bulk materials, depends on humidity, particle size, hydrodynamic conditions of the particles flowing through the drying agent and environmental parameters. Grain dryers expose grain to more stringent conditions than natural drying, which can potentially lead to a deterioration in grain quality. The combination of these factors determines the nature of the entire process. In agricultural production, the drying stage is one of the most important for grain preservation. Currently, the convective drying method is widely used for this process. However, along with its advantages, this method also has a number of significant disadvantages, one of the most significant of which is its high energy consumption. In this regard, scientific research is being intensively conducted to develop ways and methods to reduce the energy intensity of the convective drying method. The effects of vibration on raw materials are being rapidly introduced in various industries. The use of vibration technologies during drying intensifies the process of processing grain raw materials due to the rapid renewal of its surface in contact with the drying agent. Fast and efficient drying with vibration technology reduces moisture content and the risk of the appearance of bacteria and mold in the grain. The construction of the dryer using vibration technology helps to avoid overheating of the grain, providing optimal temperature conditions, which contributes to the preservation of nutrients and other useful properties of bulk agricultural materials.

DEVELOPMENT OF A SETUP FOR VIBRATORY ABRASIVE TREATMENT OF SURFACES OF DECORATIVE ELEMENTS WITH AN ACTIVE WORKING TOOL

This work provides an overview of equipment and technologies for decorative-finishing treatment of parts. It is established that the most effective methods are abrasive mechanical processing techniques such as tumbling, vibrational, centric-rotational, and centric-planetary. Each of them exhibits varying levels of efficiency in specific application areas. Currently, these methods ensure the highest processing efficiency and quality while maintaining the lowest product cost and manufacturing complexity. Technological equipment is currently produced in series, which may include relatively complex assemblies and mechanisms to address complex technological process tasks, each having specific drawbacks. The main directions for improving equipment are identified, and a classifier of part characteristics for vibro-processing is provided to standardize and unify. Structural schemes for setups for vibratory abrasive processing with actively positioned horizontal and vertical working tools are proposed. The uniqueness of these setups lies in the ability to create vibrational fields of different intensities (controlled vibratory exciter of the working chamber) and to control the intensity of the motion of the working tool. Control over these parameters allows adapting the setup to a specific technological process and achieving optimal technical and economic indicators for vibro-processing parts, especially for decorative elements with complex shapes, small dimensions, diverse material characteristics – varying hardness and viscosity, which may pose challenges with conventional methods.

Analysis of the State of Moisture Control to Ensure and Regulate the Quality of Grain and Grain Products

The article discusses the methods for determining the maturity of grain and describes its behavior during harvesting, to optimize the selection of the grain moisture state, discusses the requirements for the choice of measurement method and the design of moisture control measuring devices, as well as its high accuracy and the possibility of measuring from field conditions, collection, storage, transportation, and industrial processing and release of finished products of granular materials. The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of control and management of complex technological processes and moisture control devices for granular bulk materials of plant origin through the development of systems for automatic and automated control of the electrophysical characteristics of grain products and to increase the reliability of quantitative and qualitative assessments of production and technological measurement information. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to conduct analytical and experimental studies of the possibility of creating an express method for controlling the moisture content of grain and products of their industrial processing and the development of a moisture meter for automated control of raw material parameters during acceptance and storage at grain processing enterprises. The article discusses the scientific and methodological foundations for measuring the electrophysical characteristics of grain products of agricultural production and the implementation on this basis of the functional subsystem of information support by the Automated Process Control System for Controlling the Mass Ratio of Moisture of Plant Origin Materials. A critical analysis of the current state of the theory and practice of automatic control of electrophysical characteristics of grain products and the identification of the trend of their further development and improvement are carried out. A mathematical model of the interaction of a high-frequency field with a granular material has been constructed, where the influence of the elastic properties of the grain on the electrical characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, which distinguishes its behavior in the field of a high-frequency wave from many other dielectrics, has been substantiated, and the influence of a large number of various disturbing factors has been studied, often the measurement results cannot be applied in the control of the technological process due to the uneliminated error, which is the cause of inaccurate information. Primary measuring transducers of electrophysical parameters of grain products are proposed, and their mathematical models are considered. A functional scheme of the measuring device based on the dielcometric method of moisture control of grain and granular materials has been developed, and metrological characteristics have been given.

Complexity biomechanics: a case study of dragonfly wing design from constituting composite material to higher structural levels.

Presenting a novel framework for sustainable and regenerative design and development is a fundamental future need. Here we argue that a new framework, referred to as complexity biomechanics, which can be used for holistic analysis and understanding of natural mechanical systems, is key to fulfilling this need. We also present a roadmap for the design and development of intelligent and complex engineering materials, mechanisms, structures, systems, and processes capable of automatic adaptation and self-organization in response to ever-changing environments. We apply complexity biomechanics to elucidate how the different structural components of a complex biological system as dragonfly wings, from ultrastructure of the cuticle, the constituting bio-composite material of the wing, to higher structural levels, collaboratively contribute to the functionality of the entire wing system. This framework not only proposes a paradigm shift in understanding and drawing inspiration from natural systems but also holds potential applications in various domains, including materials science and engineering, biomechanics, biomimetics, bionics, and engineering biology.

Processing of a Part Such as a Composite Bearing Housing on a Milling Machine With a Digital Control Program

In the era of the industrial revolution of ndustry 4.0, the Republic of Kazakhstan is rapidly introducing automated robots and digital control programs in many of its production facilities. In this context, special attention is paid to modern technologies, and AKIRA SEIKI milling machines with FANUC control software stand out as advanced technologies in this process. They are becoming the most popular in the CIS countries due to the economic efficiency and intellectual support of the Taiwanese manufacturer. Practical aspects of constructing CNC milling machines and their practical use are presented in this article. Particular attention is paid to the functionality of milling machines using the example of processing such a part as a composite bearing housing. In addition, the process of writing processing operation codes in the CIMKO computer program is described. The code is provided with brief descriptions to help you understand the compiled workpiece processing operations. With the growing need for efficiency and precision in production, many companies and industrial plants in the Republic of Kazakhstan are considering AKIRA SEIKI milling machines with FANUC control software as a major investment. These machines not only provide high productivity, but also help automate complex technological processes. CIMKO, among other things, allows the development and optimization of machining code, which complements the efficiency and accuracy of the machines.

Study on Preparation Technology and Heat Conduction Mechanism of High-Purity & Ultra-Fine Alumina Powder from Scrap Aluminum Cans

In view of the increasing scarcity of bauxite resources in China, the high energy consumption and high pollution of electrolytic aluminum, and the requirements for energy conservation and environmental protection, aluminum recycling and high-value utilization of its derivatives have evolved into a crucial development requirement for the aluminum industry in the future. As an important part of the development of recycled aluminum resources, the high-value application of scrap aluminum cans has always been a hot research topic in various recycled aluminum processing enterprises and scientific research units. The traditional regeneration system of waste cans includes a series of complex technological processes such as pretreatment, paint removal, smelting system and casting system, which is difficult to control in the middle of the process. Most of the recycled scrap aluminum cans are cast and downgraded for later use, except for a part of them used as alloy materials for new cans. In this paper, combined with the research on the preparation of metal aluminum alkoxide, combined with recrystallization heat conduction to further study the effective dissolution or adsorption how to remove impurity elements to obtain high-purity aluminum alcohol salt mechanism research, and thermal effect of alcohols with different carbon chains on the synthesis of high-purity aluminum alkoxide was further investigated. Moreover, the changes in morphology and pore size distribution of hydrolyzed alumina precursor materials under different hydrothermal temperature conditions were discussed by means of the alkoxide hydrolysis-sol-gel process. Eventually, the aluminum alkoxide was obtained by the reaction of waste cans with isopropanol and heavy crystal thermal conductivity, and the high-purity aluminum alkoxide was purified by vacuum distillation. Under the hydrothermal condition of 160°C, the high-purity alumina material with a purity of 99.99% and an original crystal size of 200nm was prepared.

Laboratory evaluation of a complex treatment technology for reducing water absorption of the pavement subbase aggregate from the blast-furnace slag

When smelting each ton of pig iron, approximately 500 kg of blast-furnace slag is formed and requires recycling. Air-cooled blast-furnace slag can be used for the manufacture of slag aggregate for the pavement subbase layers, as an alternative to natural stone aggregate. The wide use of slag in this area is limited by its high water absorption. This paper proposes a complex technology to reduce water absorption of slag aggregate. This technology includes selective crushing, which allows separating low-porosity aggregate grains from high-porosity ones, and impregnation of selected low-porosity grains with hydrophobic agent (surface hydrophobization). The results of a laboratory evaluation of this technology effectiveness are presented. Article also contains optimal parameters of this complex technological process which allowed to reduce the water absorption of the slag aggregate from 4.54% to 1.05%.

Increasing in technology of turbine channels by combined method

In this paper, we will talk about complex technological processes that combine the combined finishing and hardening treatment of the surfaces of the interblade channel of solid cast turbines with a second-order curvature and a twist along the radius. This method allows to improve manufacturability and achieve the desired design parameters.

Synthesis of dynamic object control systems based on quantum calculation methods

Globally, food sourcing and processing focuses on achieving energy and resource efficiency. It is necessary to create and further improve effective models and algorithms for the synthesis of a control system, considering the features of complex technological processes, nonlinearity, and uncertainty of data. In the complex fermentation process, the variability of enzyme characteristics in the substance over time and the lack of measurement capabilities require the use of algorithms that provide high accuracy and speed. In this context, quantum algorithms demonstrate the ability to rapidly address problems that resist algorithmic solutions, processing large amounts of data in a short time In this article, an algorithm and model for searching the optimal values of a quantum controller were developed based on a quantum computing approach. Additionally, the characteristics of process variables and transient states are investigated using the Matlab software package. According to the model results, the fermentation temperature deviation from the nominal value and the process energy consumption were reduced by 1.2% and 2.3% respectively.

ENCAUSTIC AS AN ANCIENT PAINTING TECHNIQUE: A FAILING TRADITION

The article highlights the peculiarities of the encaustic painting technique and the main problems of preserving this unique technique in the modern art of Ukraine. The meaning of the concept of “encaustic” is revealed. Considerable attention is paid to the technological varieties of encaustic as an ancient pictorial art. Thus, ancient authors wrote about the expressiveness and beauty of the encaustic technique, but, at the same time, “wax painting of the ancients” turned out to be one of the mysterious techniques. First of all, this is due to the fact that very few encaustic works have survived, and the description of technologies was almost absent. Thus, after studying the “Fayum portraits” found in 1887 in Middle Egypt (the Fayum oasis), it was possible to determine that the funerary masks were made in the encaustic technique. Mentions of encaustic works date back to the ancient literature of the times of imperial Rome. During the Renaissance, even Leonardo da Vinci tried to unravel the mystery of encaustic painting, but even he had very little information about this technology. According to the descriptions, it was necessary to solve a complex technological process, so the masters collected information piece by piece and experimentally implemented this technique. These were the first stages of the revival of encaustic painting, which is also called wax painting, because the basis of encaustic paints was wax. The stability of this painting technique was ensured, in particular, by the presence of various resins, linseed oil and dyes of natural origin in the composition of encaustic paints. These paints were applied layer by layer on special soils under high temperature. The exceptional artistic value of the encaustic technique made it possible to preserve it and gave the prospect of revival thanks to the creative searches of artists of the 1970-1995 years of the 20th century. Painting with wax paints meets all the requirements of modern monumental art along with frescoes and mosaics. Modern construction technologies and materials provide ample opportunities for monumental artists to solve various artistic and plastic tasks related to the application of the encaustic technique. The article also considers the role of encaustic in modern easel and monumental art. The work of modern masters of Ukraine who worked in the encaustic technique is analyzed.

Bench tests of noise-insulating materials

A group of employees of the Scientific, Educational and Production Laboratory "Outboard Boat Motors" of the Department of Water Transport Operation of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution "AGTU" achieved certain results in the fight against noise, reflected in a number of patents of noise-insulating hoods of various modifications and publications on the analysis of the frequency spectrum of outboard boat motor noise, evaluation of the effectiveness of outboard motor hoods of small-sized Based on the accumulated scientific research, several proto-types of multilayer means recommended for sound insulation of outboard boat motors have been created. In the conditions of a large range of directions, there is a need to apply single-layer or multi-layer structures to the properties of sound insulation without forming a physical model of the hood, casing. This is due to the fact that the production of a hood model entails a complex technological process, while creating a sample in the form of a plate from the same material is much more profitable in terms of financial, labor and time costs. Based on the needs of the scientific educational and production laboratory of outboard boat motors in the study of noise generated by outboard boat motors and means of combating them, it was decided to create a stand to assess the effectiveness of noise-reducing materials, which will allow modeling the conditions of natural operation of a noise-insulating material without the use of full-scale tests with outboard by motor. The created stand allows testing in two directions. The first direction is the testing of physical models of casings for noise insulation using audio files reproducing the noise of the required equipment. The second direction is the study of materials for their noise-insulating properties when generating waves of different frequencies.

Avtomatychnyi rezhym rozghliadu administratyvnykh sprav yak forma administratyvnoho provadzhennia u vidnosynakh administratyvnoi protsedury

In the context of the adoption of the basic legislative act on the general administrative procedure, the author analyses the procedure for considering of administrative cases in automatic mode as one of the forms of administrative proceedings. The Law of Ukraine «On Administrative Procedure» established the rules for consideration of an administrative case in an automatic mode: 1) cases and procedure for applying the automatic consideration are provided by special legislative norms; 2) the possibility of full or partial application of the automatic mode of consideration of an administrative cases; 3) the automatic mode of administrative proceedings is implemented either with the help of software or without human intervention; 4) the absence of a procedure for hearing participants in administrative proceedings; 5) application of such a means of proof as the results of data processing (checking) during administrative proceedings in the automatic mode; 6) the administrative body is obliged to take measures to apply the automatic mode of consideration and resolution of an administrative case; 7) based on the results of consideration and resolution of an administrative case, an administrative act is automatically adopted on the basis of electronic documents in a machine-readable format and/or data from national electronic information resources; 8) the administrative body is responsible for administrative acts adopted in the automatic mode. The quality criteria for the functioning of the automatic mode as a form of administrative proceedings include: efficiency of the proceedings; effectiveness of proceedings; absence of excessively complex technological processes; unification of technical standards of electronic interaction; and public trust in administrative bodies. The author concludes that the digitalization of public administration facilitates the participation of a private person in applying to the authorized bodies of power for satisfaction of his/her rights and legitimate interests. At the same time, the State, by developing and implementing new e-government technologies, should create appropriate conditions for overcoming the actual digital inequality in society. Only under such conditions is it possible to realize the ambitious goals and tasks set at the stage of implementation of the novelties of administrative and procedural legislation of Ukraine into the practice of public administration.

Использование метода дискретных элементов для имитационного моделирования выемки угля очистным комбайном

Timulation modeling as a method of studying complex technological processes is successfully used in mining. Due to the creation of digital models, it is possible to estimate and improve the efficiency of technical and organizational solutions used in difficult mining and geological conditions. The article describes the development of a simulation model of coal extraction by a shearer and its transportation to an armored conveyer. Fragmentation of a high coal seam was simulated under the action of the cutting planes of the shearer. The created model in the Rocky DEM simulation environment takes into account the physical and mechanical properties of materials and 3D structures of mining equipment. The method of discrete elements was used as a mathematical tool for computing fragmentation of the coalbed, which helped to perform the computing without loss of the initial mass and volume of the materials. During the validation of the simulation model, a series of tests were carried out to determine the angle of natural slope of non-spherical coal particles close in granulometric composition to the mass formed during the fragmentation of the coalbed. Based on the test results, an array of values of coal particle adhesion parameters was obtained, which allows conducting simulation studies in conditions of existing and projected coal mines.

Constructing Stable MoOx-NiSx Film via Electrodeposition and Hydrothermal Method for Water Splitting

The hydrothermal method is a frequently used approach for synthesizing HER electrocatalysts. However, a weak tolerance to high temperature is an intrinsic property of carbon cloth (CC) in most situations, and CC-based catalysts, which require complex technological processes in low-temperature environments, exhibit weak stability and electrochemical performance. Hence, we provide a new solution for these issues. In this work, MoO3-NiSx films of 9H5E-CC catalysts are synthesized, first through electrodeposition to form Ni particles on CC and then through a hydrothermal reaction to reform the reaction. The advantages of this synthetic process include mild reaction conditions and convenient operation. The obtained MoO3-NiSx film presents excellent catalytic activity and stability for HER. MoO3-NiSx film requires only a low overpotential of 142 mV to drive 10 mA cm−2 for HER in 1.0 m KOH, and the obtained 9H5E-CF film only needs 294 mV to achieve 50 mA cm−2 for OER. Remarkably, they also show excellent OER, HER, and full water splitting long-term electrochemical stability, maintaining their performance for at least 72 h. This work can be expanded to provide a new strategy for the fabrication of stable, high-performing electrodes using simple, mild reaction conditions.

Failure analysis of progressive instability and deformation law of excavation face in sand cobble stratum under cutting disturbance by shield cutter

Shield construction plays a crucial role in the development of underground infrastructure. However, as a complex engineering process, it can lead to excavation face instability and surface subsidence. This paper presents a detailed investigation into the mechanisms influencing excavation face instability and surface subsidence of sand cobble stratum during shield construction using the discrete element method (DEM). Through a combination of numerical simulations and experimental analyses, the impact of various parameters, including support pressure, and cutters on the stability of the excavation face were explored. The results reveal that the presence of cutters significantly enhances particle fluidity but weakens the stability of the excavation face, necessitating a higher ultimate support pressure. Furthermore, the study highlights the distinct behavior of surface subsidence compared to excavation face instability. Surface subsidence exhibits a delayed manifestation, even when soil overflows into the shield machine. This finding underscores the importance of diligent monitoring and control of cabin pressure during shield construction. The findings provide valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of shield construction and offer practical recommendations for minimizing excavation face instability and surface subsidence.

Optimization of radial extrusion and pellet coating processes using PAT approaches

FDA's initiative Pharmaceutical CGMPs for the 21st century opened the door for introduction of several risk based approaches in pharmaceutical industry. One significant advancement that has emerged is the implementation of process analytical technology (PAT), which has opened doors for understanding and controlling complex technological processes. Two such processes, radial extrusion and pellet coating, offer a solid foundation for the application of PAT tools due to their numerous critical process parameters. The aim of the first part of the study was to optimize the neutral pellet production to produce the pellets with properties desired for successful film coating using design of experiments (DoE). In the second part the optimized pellets underwent film coating and the coating quantity was predicted in real or near real-time using in-line and at-line NIR probes and the performance of both probes was compared.The desired properties of the pellets, narrow particle size distribution, high sphericity and high process yield, were successfully achieved. Models for film coating quantity prediction using in-line and at-line NIR probe were successfully calibrated and tested by coating two additional batches. Despite the limited sample size for model calibration, at-line NIR exhibited excellent prediction performance and enabled accurate determination of process end-point. The coating quantity determined by UV/VIS spectroscopy in both test batches deviated by less than 2.0 % from the target value. However, the in-line NIR probe, primarily due to its inferior spectral resolution, displayed a slightly lower quality of the calibrated model and notable overprediction for the tested batches.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧНОСТИ ОБРАБОТКИ ЦЕЛЬНОЛИТЫХ ТУРБИН С УЧЕТОМ КОНСТРУКТИВНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРИЗНАКОВ

The objects of study in this work are complex technological processes of combined finishing and hardening treatment of the surfaces of the interblade channel of solid cast turbines with a second-order curvature and a twist along the radius, to improve their manufacturability and achieve the specified design parameters.