Complex Psychological Tests Research Articles

Reputation risk indicators of municipal employees

The article discusses the role of psychological indicators of reputational risks in the professional activities of municipal employees. The analysis of foreign and Russian research on the given topic is presented, some topics of related research are shown. The analysis of the sample by sex, length of service and number is illustrated. The procedure for conducting the research is shown, the stages of research, indicators of a complex psychological test are described. Analysis of variance results are also shown. The results of the analysis of motivational, intellectual and personal characteristics of municipal employees holding various leadership positions are presented. Having studied all the results of several stages of the study, it was revealed that significant differences between the motivational, intellectual and personal indicators of managers with different levels of reputation still exist. Executives with a high reputation score are more creative-oriented and forward-looking. Executives with an average reputation score tend to have either average or high scores on various characteristics. Leaders with a low reputation index are more likely to be result-oriented and successful in their activities. Perhaps in the future, with a more detailed and detailed study of these indicators, it will be possible to predict the reputation of this or that leader and identify reputational risks.

HUMAN MATERNAL SUPRAPHYSIOLOGICAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA IMPAIRS PLACENTAL ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION, CHOLESTEROL TRAFFIC AND FUNCTIONALITY OF NEONATAL HDL.

Different experiment approaches have demonstrated that children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) exhibit neurocognitive and behavioral deficits. This review summarized the potential biomarkers of OSA-associated neurocognitive impairment in children.A scoping review of studies on children with OSA that evaluated the potential value of different markers in identifying neurocognitive impairment was undertaken. Additionally, the biomarkers were categorized according to the different research methods, including brain imaging studies, serological indicators and urine markers.Majority of the studies that evaluated blood biomarkers, plasma insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related biomarkers appeared to exhibit a favorable profile, and could discriminate between OSA children with or without neurocognitive impairments. Brain imaging studies and urinary neurotransmitters could also be helpful for screening OSA cognitive morbidity in children.Due to limited research methods available in children, the cognitive susceptibility of children with OSA has been rarely studied. The main reason for this may be the limited research methods in children. Numerous study populations of children and complex psychological tests are required, which involve major labor and costs.Multi-center prospective studies are needed to identify suitable biomarkers for the timely prediction and effective intervention to prevent neurocognitive impairment in children with OSA and to explore further opportunities in this arena.

Related biomarkers of neurocognitive impairment in children with obstructive sleep apnea

ObjectivesDifferent experiment approaches have demonstrated that children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) exhibit neurocognitive and behavioral deficits. This review summarized the potential biomarkers of OSA-associated neurocognitive impairment in children. MethodsA scoping review of studies on children with OSA that evaluated the potential value of different markers in identifying neurocognitive impairment was undertaken. Additionally, the biomarkers were categorized according to the different research methods, including brain imaging studies, serological indicators and urine markers. ResultsMajority of the studies that evaluated blood biomarkers, plasma insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related biomarkers appeared to exhibit a favorable profile, and could discriminate between OSA children with or without neurocognitive impairments. Brain imaging studies and urinary neurotransmitters could also be helpful for screening OSA cognitive morbidity in children. ConclusionDue to limited research methods available in children, the cognitive susceptibility of children with OSA has been rarely studied. The main reason for this may be the limited research methods in children. Numerous study populations of children and complex psychological tests are required, which involve major labor and costs.Multi-center prospective studies are needed to identify suitable biomarkers for the timely prediction and effective intervention to prevent neurocognitive impairment in children with OSA and to explore further opportunities in this arena.

VERIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF RESISTANT CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS AT MULTIMORBID CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY

Objective: Identify the diagnostic signs for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP & resistant forms) with multimorbid cardiovascular pathology (MCVP) (coronary artery disease (CAd), hypertension, metabolic syndrome (MS). Identify effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in CRSwNP treatment. Design and methods: The study included 75 patients (mean age 35,8±7,93, 39,2% - female,60,8% - male) with CRSwNP and MCVP divided into 3 groups by simple random sampling. Patients in group 1 (n = 27) received standard therapy CRSwNP, hypertension, CAd, NPMd, 8-weeks anti- bacterial and leukotriene receptor antagonists treatment. Surgical interventions history of the last 5 five years: from 1 to 2. Patients in group 2 (n = 28) received standard therapy CRSwNP, hypertension, CAd, NPMd, 8-weeks antibacterial and leukotriene receptor antagonists treatment. Surgical inter- ventions history of the last 5 five years: more than 3. Patients of group 3 (n = 20) received standard therapy CRSwNP, hypertension, CAd, NPMd, 8-weeks antibacterial treatment, 8-weeks leukotriene receptor antagonists treatment and sessions of photodynamic therapy of the paranasal sinuses. Surgical interventions history of the last 5 five years: more than 3. used in the study: complex psychological test methods, ENT and laboratory-instrumental evaluation of the cardiovascular system. Results: depres- sion was detected in 46,3%, 71,9%, 58,3% of patients, (first, second, third groups). Types «non-dipper» and «night-peaker» found in patients 2nd and 3rd groups- corresponds with (CRSwNP & resistant forms). Bone transformation zone as a result of chronic inflammation within the ethmoidal labyrinth and maxillary sinuses identified in the second and third patients group (85% of cases). The use of pho- todynamic therapy in the resistant CRSwNP forms treatment improves the functional indicators of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Conclusions: Patients with CRSwNP have symptoms of depression and «non-dipper» and «night-peaker» patterns. All CRSwNP patients are defined trigger points with areas of chronic osteitis and odontogenic osteomyelitis. The use of photodynamic therapy for CRSwNP treatment, reduces the number of CRSwNP recurrence.

THE ACTIVITY OF APOPTOSIS AND PREMATURE AGING IN YOUNGAND MIDDLE-AGED MAN WITH POLYMORBID CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASEAND NON-PSYCHOTIC MENTAL DISORDERS

Objective: To study the activity of apoptosis and premature aging in individuals of middle age with polymorbidity cardiovascular disease and non-psychotic mental disorders.Design and methods: The study included 78 men with MCVP and 20 healthy men. used in the study: complex psychological test methods and laboratory-instrumental evaluation of the cardiovascular system. definition p53 protein was performed by ELISA using kits BMS eBioscience BMS256 (BenderMedSys- tems, uSA). Results: n the group of patients with polymorbidity cardiovascular disease (PTS) of the p53 protein level was 4,89 uI / ml in the control group, p53 0,93 uI / ml. In all groups celebrated the acceler- ated pace of aging by an average of 10 years, compared with the control group. In the second phase of the study, patients were divided into three groups, depending on the planned treatment scheme. In the group of patients treated with standard therapy of p53 protein level was 3,51 uI / ml, from the group comprising in addition to standard therapy, psychotherapy - 2,34 uI / ml, in the third group, where the methodology of psycho-physiological and psychological visual and auditory correction - 1 8 uI / ml. After a course of treatment in all groups showed slowing premature aging . The first and second groups , a transition of V in class IV , the third group III to V of the functional class of aging . during the correlation analysis it was found a strong correlation between p53 protein and BV (r + 0,69; p < 0.05).Conclusions: Patients with polymorbidity cardiovascular disease marked increase in titer of apop- tosis protein p53 , accelerating premature aging 7-10 years. A direct correlation between p53 protein and biological age (r + 0,69; p < 0.05). Against the background of complex treatment with standard therapy with psycho-physiological and psychological visual and auditory correction decreased prema- ture aging, as compared with the groups that used the standard therapy for 8-10 years.

Особенности экскреции мелатонина при полиморбидной сердечно-сосудистой патологии с тревожно-депрессивными расстройствами у мужчин молодого и среднего возраста

Objective. To evaluate melatonin (MT) excretion patterns in patients with polymorbid cardiovascular diseases (coronary artery disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome), anxiety and depressive disorders, and to determine the targets for therapeutic intervention in this group of patients. Design and methods . The study included 40 men (mean age — 37,11 ± 6,93 years) with polymorbid cardiovascular diseases and 10 healthy men (mean age — 37,5 ± 4,95 years). We used complex psychological test methods, laboratory tests and instrumental evaluation of the cardiovascular system. The 6‑sulfatoxymelatonin (6‑SMT) was assessed by ELISA using kits «BÜHLMANNEKM6S». Results. The circadian blood pressure profile was abnormal in most of the patients with the change from «dipper» pattern to «non-dipper» or «night-peaker». Nocturnal excretion of 6‑SMT was significantly lower in the second group compared to the first, third and fourth groups, but there were no significant changes in its daily excretion (p < 0,001). The rate «mild depression» and «subclinical anxiety» symptoms was 86,6 % in the studied groups with polymorbid cardiovascular diseases (p < 0,001). The signs of «severe depression» were found in 92,3 % of patients in group 2 (p < 0,001), while «clinical anxiety» was present in 91,6 % of patients in group 3 (p < 0,001). Conclusions. Patients with polymorbid cardiovascular diseases show abnormal MT levels, characterized by the decrease of night and increased daytime excretion of 6‑SMT. It is more prominent in depressive patients compared to healthy ones and to individuals with anxiety syndrome (p < 0,001). In patients with polymorbid cardiovascular diseases cardiotropic and antihypertensive therapy might be in particular required during the followed time periods: during second part of nocturnal sleep (03:00–06:00) and during the first hours after morning awakening (06:00–08:00).

MELATONIN EXCHANGE AT MULTIMORBID CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGYWITH ANXIETY AND DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS IN YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED MEN

Evaluate melatonin (MT) patterns excretion at multimorbid cardiovascular pathology (MCVP) (coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, metabolic syndrome (MS)) with non-psychot- ic mental disorders (NPMD) anxiety/ depressive type. Identify the effectiveness of visual-auditory ef- fects in the treatment of these pathologies. Design and methods: The study included 70 men (mean age 37,46±6,74) with MCVP divided into 4 groups by simple random sampling, and 20 healthy men (mean age 38,3±6,73 g). Patients in Group 1 (n = 22) received standard therapy CAD, hypertension and NPMD, in group 2 (n = 25) standard therapy CAD, hypertension, NPMD and visual-auditory correction. Patients of group 3 (n = 23) received standard therapy CAD, hypertension, NPMD, visual-auditory correction and psychotherapy. Used in the study: complex psychological test methods and laboratory-instrumental evaluation of the cardiovascular system. Definition of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SMT) performed by ELI- SA using kits BÜHLMANNEK-M6S. Results: Identified change normal «dipper» pattern to «non- dip- per» and «night-peaker» (daily index blood pressure and 0-10% <0% (p <0,001) in all treatment groups. Patients 3 group observed achievement reference values of the night excretion after treatment 458±64-» 798±32 (before and after treatment, respectively) (p <0,001). In all groups after treatment was observed significantly change the type of NDP «severe depression», «clinical anxiety» to «mild depression»; «sub- clinical anxiety» (p <0,001). Conclusions: Patients with MCVP have abnormalities of MT content char- acterized by a decrease in nocturnal excretion of 6-SMT. Night pattern of 6-SMT excretion significantly correlated with severity of anxiety/ depression before and after treatment. Results of patients treated with visual auditory correction significantly better than patients of other groups (obtained reference intervals MT excretion, biochemical indices and normalization of psychological tests).

FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR (FGF) 21 AT MULTIMORBID CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY WITH ANXIETY AND DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS IN YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED MEN

Evaluate (FGF) 21 at multimorbid cardiovascular pathology (MCVP) (coronary artery disease (CAd), hypertension, metabolic syndrome (MS)) with non-psychotic mental disorders (NPMd) anxiety/ depressive type. Identify the effectiveness of visual-auditory effects in the treatment of these pathologies. design and methods: The study included 70 men (mean age 37,46±6,74) with MCVP divided into 4 groups by simple random sampling, and 20 healthy men (mean age 38,3±6,73 g). Patients in Group 1 (n = 22) received standard therapy CAd, hypertension and NPMd, in group 2 (n = 25) standard therapy CAd, hypertension, NPMd and visual-auditory correction. Patients of group 3 (n =23) received standard therapy CAd, hypertension, NPMd, visual-auditory correction and psychotherapy. used in the study: complex psychological test methods and laboratory-instrumental evaluation of the cardiovascular system. definition of FGF21 performed by ELISA using kits BCM diagnostics SK00145-01 (BCM diagnostics, uSA). Results: Identified a two-fold increase in the concentration of serum FGF 21 after the course of standard therapy in the first group. In the other groups showed a statistically significant decrease FGF21 after psychopharmacological and visual-auditory therapy. In all groups after treatment was observed significantly change the type of NdP «severe depression»,«clinical anxiety» to «mild depression»; «subclinical anxiety» (p <0,001). Conclusions: FGF21 may be important biomarker for early diagnosis of metabolic abnormalities in this pathology. Results indicate benefits of combined therapy MCVP with the use of psychotropic drugs and visual-auditory correction method. Choose the method of complex treatment given the side effects of pharmacological agents.

Relationship between fibroblast growth factor 21 and lipoproteins in young and middle-aged men with multiple cardiovascular co-morbidities

Objective. To evaluate the lipid disorders and expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 in young and middleaged men with multiple cardiovascular co-morbidities. Design and methods. The study included 40 men with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and 10 healthy men. All participants underwent complex psychological tests, laboratory and instrumental cardiovascular assessment. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was measured by ELISA using BCM Diagnostics SK00145–01 kits (BCM Diagnostics, USA). Results. The level of FGF21 was 3‑fold higher in patients with CVD (269,02 ± 27,4 ng/l) compared to the 1st control group (94,87 ± 12,3 ng/l). The FGF21 level was 224,02 ± 15,3 ng/l in the group with CVD without anxiety-depressive symptoms (2nd group), 350, 54 ± 25,3 ng/l in CVD patients with anxiety (3rd group), and 756,1 ± 38,7 ng/l in CVD patients with depressive symptoms (4th group). In patients with CVD there was a decrease in Apo A‑I (159,76 ± 15,6 mg/dl) and Apo C–II (10,02 ± 3,7 mg/dl) compared to the control group (184,3 ± 193 and 41,1 ± 9,5 mg/dL, respectively). Also there was an increase in Apo B (119,62 ± 18,1 mg/dl) and Apo C–III (10,86 ± 4,2 mg/dl) compared to the controls (96,9 ± 11,8 and 3,9 ± 1,1 mg/dl, respectively). FGF21 correlated with serum Apo C–III, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and Apo C–II. Conclusions. Patients with multiple cardiovascular co-morbidities have a 19% increase in Apo B and a 3‑fold increase in Apo С–III (with the subsequent increase in the ratio “Apo B/Apo A‑I”). Thisis associated with the reduction of Apo A‑I for 13,3%, a 4‑time decrease in Apo С–II, and a three-fold increase in FGF21 compared to the controls and may increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. Serum level of FGF21 positively correlates with Apo C–III, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and Apo C–II, while there was no evidence of a link with Apo A‑I, Apo B, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. FGF21 is strongly correlated with the severity of dyslipidemia and may be considered an independent marker of lipid metabolism impairment.

Continuous reaction times in cerebral dysfunction.

The Continuous Reaction Times (CRT) method was used to examine pharmacological, psychiatric, medical and neurological problems in clinical practice where a detailed neuropsychological examination with a test battery was not possible. Either 100 visual or 150 auditory stimuli were given within a period of 6 1/2 or 10 min respectively, and the patients were instructed to react as quickly as possible to every stimulus. The same CRT method was applied to heterogeneous groups of patients with cerebral dysfunction and control subjects. The results demonstrated that it was useful as a screening test for the presence of cerebral dysfunction and was especially sensitive to progressive diseases. Its discriminative power was equivalent to more sophisticated and complex psychological tests. Even if CRT is a valid and reliable method of testing cerebral affection, the neural background for the reaction time process is still unknown and the test did not distinguish between patients with right- or left-hemisphere lesions and was not influenced by the etiology of the disease. CRT is therefore considered a provisional method, suggestive only for the actual diagnostic procedures. Only when the patients have a well-defined diagnosis e.g. a diffuse cerebral affection caused by a drug or a metabolic disorder can CRT be recommended as a measure of the degree of lowered consciousness.

Reaction time and brain disease: relations to location, etiology and progression of cerebral dysfunction.

Using the results from 485 patients with various forms of cerebral dysfunctions and from 60 hospitalized controls, it was shown that measurement of continuous reaction times (CRT) is sensitive to cerebral lesions. Reaction times were more impaired by progressive than by non-progressive brain diseases. The test did not distinguish between patients with right- or left-hemisphere lesions and was not influenced either by etiology, chronicity, age or sex. Our conclusion is that CRT is useful as a "screening" test for the presence of cerebral dysfunction and is especially sensitive to progressive diseases. Its discrimination power is equivalent to more sophisticated and complex psychological tests.

Physiological and psychological measures in anxious patients.

SYSNOPSISThirty drug-free patients suffering from chronic anxiety states were compared with 30 normal controls matched for age, sex, and social class on a variety of physiological and psychological measures. The tests included the electroencephalogram, the auditory evoked response, and skin conductance recorded during a passive and an active condition and auditory reaction time, the digit symbol substitution test, and arithmetic. The patients showed increased EEG voltage, shorter latencies of the evoked response, higher skin conductance levels, higher pulse rate and less pupillary constriction, and they responded less to the increase in activation. They also showed impairment on complex psychological tests. It is concluded that pathological anxiety involves an increase in arousal irrelevant to the task and has a disorganizing rather than a facilitating effect on performance.