Complex Medical Conditions Research Articles

An interdisciplinary approach to rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease: case series.

Interdisciplinary care is increasingly promoted to enhance satisfaction and outcomes for individuals with complex medical conditions, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is little research on the feasibility or efficacy of interdisciplinary care in clinical settings. And, while the use of an integrated team of allied health professionals has the potential to provide significant health benefits to individuals with PD, there are educational and logistical barriers to the use of interdisciplinary care in clinical settings. An interdisciplinary care model was described that aimed to facilitate these benefits and alleviate some of these known clinical feasibility challenges. Three cases are also provided to exemplify how this approach to collaborative care was used to address individual needs and to highlight some of the successes and challenges associated with the implementation of an interdisciplinary and person-centered care model via telehealth. These cases may help clinicians adopt techniques to facilitate greater collaboration across disciplines or aid in the development of a feasible interdisciplinary program in their own clinics. Further research is needed to further enhance individual outcomes and integrate other disciplines into the care team.

Empowering EVAR: Revolutionizing Patient Understanding and Qualification with 3D Printing

Background: This study addresses the need for enhanced patient education in the context of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and its treatment through endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Effective patient education is essential for improving comprehension and engagement, particularly for those facing complex medical conditions. Methods: A total of 55 patients scheduled for EVAR participated in the study. Patient-specific three-dimensional (3D)-printed models of the participants’ aneurysms were created using computed tomography angiogram (CTA) scans. The educational intervention included a structured session utilizing these 3D models, with assessments conducted before and after the session, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Statistical analyses evaluated the knowledge gain and its correlation with cognitive function. Results: The results showed a significant increase in knowledge scores post-education (p < 0.001), with a mean knowledge gain of 2.36 points. Patients rated the effectiveness of the 3D models highly on a Likert scale, with a mean score of 4.64 for improving their understanding of the medical condition and procedural aspects. A weak correlation was observed between MMSE scores and knowledge test results. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential of patient-specific 3D models to enhance patient education in the context of EVAR, improving patients’ understanding of their medical condition and the procedure and thereby facilitating more informed decision-making.

PP492 Topic: AS21–Post-PICU: Patient and Family Outcomes/Chronic Critical Illness/Post Intensive Care Syndrome in Pediatrics (PICS-p)/Post-discharge Care Delivery Models/Other: PEDIATRIC WEANING PROTOCOL IN PATIENTS WITH COMPLEX MEDICAL CONDITIONS. EXPERIENCE IN AN INTERMEDIATE CARE UNIT FROM A PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN ARGENTINA

PP492 Topic: AS21–Post-PICU: Patient and Family Outcomes/Chronic Critical Illness/Post Intensive Care Syndrome in Pediatrics (PICS-p)/Post-discharge Care Delivery Models/Other: PEDIATRIC WEANING PROTOCOL IN PATIENTS WITH COMPLEX MEDICAL CONDITIONS. EXPERIENCE IN AN INTERMEDIATE CARE UNIT FROM A PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN ARGENTINA

Effect of Unimanual Versus Bimanual Training on Impairment, Disability and Quality of Life Among Post Stroke Individuals: A Comparative Study

Background: Stroke is a significant global health issue caused by sudden interruptions in blood flow to the brain, leading to neurological dysfunction that can result in ischemic or hemorrhagic conditions. Effective rehabilitation approaches, such as unilateral and bilateral training, play a vital role in restoring upper limb function and overall recovery through targeted neural adaptations. Evaluation tools like the (SIS) provide critical insights into post-stroke recovery and improvements in quality of life, underscoring the need for comprehensive care and early intervention in managing this complex medical condition. Aim: To find out the effectiveness of unimanual and bimanual training on impairment, disability, and quality of life among post stroke individuals. Study design: comparative study Method: Firstly, ethical clearance was taken from the committee for comparative study. Samples were collected by lottery allotment sampling method. Thirty participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The details of the treatment were explained and written consent was taken from the participants. Experimental group treated with unimanual training and bimanual training for 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Outcome measure: Stroke impact scale Results: Data was analysed using SPSS Version29. According to statistical analysis, improvement seen in group B compared to group A. Conclusions: Bimanual training showed greater effective in impairment, disability and quality of life compared to unimanual training. KEYWORDS: Bimanual training, Unimanual training, stroke impact scale, quality of life, stroke.

Female Athlete Triad: Understanding the Interrelationship between Energy Availability, Menstrual Function, and Bone Health

The Female Athlete Triad (FAT) is a complex medical condition characterized by three interrelated components: low energy availability (EA) with or without disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, and decreased bone mineral density (BMD). This syndrome is particularly prevalent among female athletes who engage in sports that prioritize leanness, endurance, and aesthetic performance, such as gymnastics, dance, and long-distance running. Prolonged exposure to inadequate caloric intake relative to energy expenditure can disrupt hormonal regulation, leading to irregular or absent menstrual cycles (amenorrhea) and compromising bone health. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the prevalence and impact of low EA on menstrual function and BMD among 180 female athletes aged 18-30 years. Participants were divided into three menstrual status categories: eumenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and amenorrhea. The study also categorized athletes into sports groups (aesthetic, endurance, and power sports) to identify patterns across different disciplines. Data collection included dietary intake records, exercise logs, menstrual history questionnaires, and DEXA scans to measure BMD at the lumbar spine and hip. Results indicate that 67% of participants exhibited low EA (< 30 kcal/kgFFM/day), which was significantly associated with menstrual dysfunction (p < 0.001). Among participants, 25% reported oligomenorrhea (irregular cycles), and another 25% experienced amenorrhea (absence of menstruation for more than three months). BMD analysis revealed that 30% of the athletes had osteopenia, while 5% were diagnosed with osteoporosis, highlighting the long-term risks associated with chronic low EA and menstrual irregularities. Notably, athletes engaged in aesthetic sports had the highest prevalence of low EA (80%) and menstrual dysfunction (45%), followed closely by those in endurance sports. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions to promote energy balance, safeguard reproductive health, and prevent bone deterioration among female athletes. Educational programs focusing on nutritional counseling, regular monitoring of menstrual health, and multidisciplinary care involving coaches, sports dietitians, and healthcare providers are essential to mitigate the risks of the Female Athlete Triad. Future research should further explore psychological factors influencing energy availability, including body image concerns and disordered eating patterns, to develop comprehensive prevention strategies.

Polymyxin-B induced bartter-like syndrome: an unusual adverse effect

Introduction and Importance: Bartter syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder affecting renal tubular function, leading to electrolyte and volume homeostasis disturbances. It can also manifest as Bartter-like syndrome, a rare side effect of certain medications. Polymyxin-B, used to treat multidrug-resistant infections, is infrequently associated with BLS, making early recognition crucial to prevent severe electrolyte imbalances. Case Presentation: A 73-year-old female with coronary artery disease, COPD, hyperlipidemia, and other comorbidities presented with fever, respiratory distress, and hypoxia on mechanical ventilation. Initial labs showed leukocytosis, anemia, and normal potassium. Despite broad-spectrum antibiotics, sputum cultures revealed pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, sensitive only to Polymyxin-B. After six days of Polymyxin-B, the patient developed fever, hypotension, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and polyuria. Urine studies indicated increased potassium excretion. A diagnosis of Bartter like syndrome was made. Polymyxin-B was discontinued, and the patient’s electrolytes normalized, resolving the polyuria. She was discharged with daily potassium and magnesium supplements. Clinical Discussion: Bartter-like syndrome can result from Polymyxin-B-induced tubular dysfunction, characterized by hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia. Close electrolyte monitoring is essential for patients receiving this antibiotic, particularly in those with complex medical conditions. Early recognition allowed for timely discontinuation of Polymyxin-B, which rapidly reversed the electrolyte disturbances. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of recognizing Polymyxin-B-induced Bartter-like syndrome. Clinicians should be vigilant for electrolyte disturbances in patients undergoing treatment with Polymyxin-B, ensuring timely interventions to mitigate adverse outcomes.

Traditional Chinese Medicine and Headache Disorders-A Review of Categorization and Selected Therapeutic Approaches.

Headaches have emerged as a prevailing global health concern, impacting millions of individuals and posing challenges to public health care systems. With an escalating number of patients seeking complementary therapies to attain a more holistic approach for headaches, Traditional Chinese Medicine has gained significant popularity. It plays a pivotal role in advancing the safeguarding of health and the alleviation of prevalent, recurrent, and complex medical conditions. Traditional Chinese Medicine covers a diverse array of therapeutic procedures for headaches, incorporating Chinese herbal medicine, acupuncture, auricular acupuncture, and life cultivation. This narrative review delves into the fundamental principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its categorization of headaches while exploring the potential selected applications of their treatment. Based on recent scientific findings and the ancient history of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the field of headaches, we conclude that selected Traditional Chinese Medicine therapies can be used as an alternative and complementary therapy against headaches.

Dynamic tissue distraction may enhance therapeutic efficacy for Critical limb ischemia

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the most serious stage of lower limb arterial disease, often presenting as severe ischemic resting pain, ulcer or tissue gangrene. The treatments for CLI pose a medical challenge. Despite the various treatments available for CLI, there is still no treatment that is entirely effective and acceptable to all patients. Patients with CLI are often elderly and have complex medical conditions, multiple comorbidities, and limited surgical tolerance. Among CLIs, patients with Transatlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) grade D typically exhibit long-segmental and diffuse vascular lesions in their lower extremity arteries, often accompanied by microvascular lesions. It is obviously difficult to reopen multiple extensive segmental vessels with open bypass surgery or endovascular treatment within the limited surgical time, and such methods are ineffective in improving microcirculation. As emerging techniques for lower limb microcirculation reconstruction, tibial cortex transverse distraction and periosteal distraction are both forms of distraction histogenesis (DH) technology, their efficacy in treating CLI is verified, yet their associated treatment parameters still have potential for optimization. Existing biomechanical researches suggest that dynamic stretching may yield superior biological outcomes compared to static stretching, we hypothesize that employing dynamic stretching in tissue distraction techniques may yield a better therapeutic effect, thereby enhancing the efficacy of DH techniques for CLI and reducing the associated complications.

Non-invasive respiratory support in children and young adults with complex medical conditions in pediatric palliative care

ObjectiveDyspnoea and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) are common in children with life-limiting conditions but studies on treatment with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) are scarce. The aim...

Impact of 3D-Printed Anatomical Models on Doctor-Patient Communication in Orthopedic Consultations: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Effective communication between doctors and patients is essential for treatment adherence and better clinical outcomes. Although 3D printing has advanced in medicine, its impact on doctor-patient communication still requires further investigation. This randomized clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness of 3D anatomical models as a tool to facilitate communication in orthopedic consultations. This randomized clinical trial was conducted between May 2024 and September 2024, with 46 patients randomized into two groups: 21 patients received medical explanations with the aid of 3D models, and 25 without. Patients' knowledge was assessed before and after the consultation, and the quality of communication was measured using the Communication Assessment Tool (CAT). In the group using 3D models, 76.19% of patients reported improved knowledge of their conditions, while in the group without models, the increase was 52.00%. Additionally, 14 out of 15 CAT parameters showed statistically significant differences between the groups, with p-values ranging from 0.001 to 0.021. The use of 3D models significantly improved patients' understanding and facilitated communication with doctors, proving to be an effective tool for explaining complex medical conditions.

‘Ritlecitinib: unveiling hair regrowth for alopecia areata’

Alopecia Areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by non-scarring hair loss on the scalp and other parts of the body. It is a complex medical condition associated with an impaired immune response in hair follicles. Various therapies are available for AA, including topical, systemic, and injectable treatments. However, their effectiveness varies, and no treatment consistently achieves and maintains remission. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the breakthrough advancement in treatment of AA i.e., the United State Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Ritlecitinib, the first and only oral treatment for moderate to severe alopecia areata in patients aged 12 and older. This approval represents a significant achievement in AA management, offering a targeted and effective treatment for those with more extensive hair loss.

Association Between Neighborhood Context and Psychotropic Polypharmacy Use Among High-Need Children.

The authors explored whether neighborhood context is associated with psychotropic polypharmacy and psychotherapy among a cohort of children with high needs for psychiatric and general medical care. Electronic health record data from a large health care system were used in a cross-sectional design to examine psychotropic polypharmacy and psychotherapy in 2015-2019 among children ages 2-17 years (N=4,017) with geocoded addresses. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of a mental health condition, an intellectual and developmental disability, or a complex medical condition and one or more clinical encounters annually over the study period. Polypharmacy was defined as two or more psychotropic drug class prescriptions concurrently for ≥60 days. Psychotherapy was defined as receipt of any psychotherapy or adaptive behavior treatment. Neighborhood context (health, environment, education, and wealth) was measured with the Child Opportunity Index. Multilevel generalized linear mixed models with random intercept for census tracts were used to assess the associations between individual and neighborhood characteristics and psychotropic polypharmacy and psychotherapy. Moderate (vs. low) child opportunity was associated with higher odds of polypharmacy (adjusted OR [AOR]=1.79, 95% CI=1.19-2.67). High (vs. low) child opportunity was associated with higher odds of psychotherapy (AOR=2.15, 95% CI=1.43-3.21). Black (vs. White) race (AOR=0.51, 95% CI=0.37-0.71) and Hispanic ethnicity (AOR=0.44, 95% CI=0.26-0.73) were associated with lower odds of polypharmacy. Among high-need children, neighborhood Child Opportunity Index, race, and ethnicity were significantly associated with treatment outcomes in analyses adjusted for clinical factors. The findings underscore concerns about structural disparities and systemic racism and raise questions about access.

Exercise and Sports Science Australia updated position statement on exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community

BackgroundsFalls affect a significant number of older Australians and present a major challenge to health care providers and health systems with over 380 older Australians hospitalised for a fall each day. ObjectivesThis statement seeks to inform and guide exercise practitioners and health professionals in safe and effective prescription of exercise to prevent falls amongst community-dwelling older people. Exercise prescription to prevent fallsExercise is crucial for preventing falls in older age. Research evidence has identified that programmes which include functional balance and muscle strength training are the most effective in preventing falls. It is also important for exercise to be progressively challenging, ongoing and of sufficient dose to maximise its benefits in reducing falls. Additional (non-exercise) interventions are necessary for people with complex medical conditions, recent hospitalisation and/or particular risk factors not improved by exercise. People at a higher risk of falls may need greater support to undertake safe and effective fall prevention exercise. SummaryGlobal guidelines for fall prevention and management recommend that all older adults should receive advice about exercise to prevent falls. Qualified exercise professionals are well placed to prescribe and supervise functional balance and muscle strength training to older people with varied functional abilities, including those with co-morbidities.

Improving Patient-Centered Care for End-Stage Renal Disease Patients at a Community Palliative Setting.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a complex medical condition growing fastest in Americans 65 years and older. Despite its chronic nature, fewer than 10% of these patients have had advanced care planning. A chart audit (n = 20) of the palliative patients at a community palliative program revealed that no patient had a conversation about prognostication, 10% (n = 2) about the burden of kidney disease, 30% (n = 6) had coordination of care with the nephrologist, and 35% (n = 7) had engaged in end-of-life planning. This project aimed to increase patient-centered care for ESRD patients to 80% in 90 days. The project utilized the Plan-Do-Study-Act quality improvement model in four 2-week rapid cycles with 2 focus improvement areas. The 2 core interventions were patient screening for preferences and values and providing the right care for palliative management utilizing a checklist. At the end of the project, patient-centered right care for ESRD increased from a baseline of 24% to 94%. Patient engagement scores increased from a baseline of 3.2 to 4.9 on a 5-point Likert scale, with 5 being the highest supporting a shared decision model of care in improving patient-centered right care.

Facilitators and barriers to interprofessional collaboration among health professionals in primary healthcare centers in Qatar: a qualitative exploration using the “Gears” model

BackgroundThe number of patients seeking medical care is increasing, necessitating more access to primary healthcare services. As several of these patients usually present with complex medical conditions, the need for interprofessional collaboration (IPC) among health professionals in primary care is necessary. IPC is essential for facing the increasing and challenging healthcare demands. Therefore, the facilitators of and the barriers to IPC should be studied in the hope that the results will be used to promote such endeavors.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the perspectives of different health professionals regarding the facilitators of and the barriers to IPC in the primary healthcare settings in Qatar.MethodsA qualitative study using focus groups was conducted within the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) in Qatar. Several health professionals were invited to participate in the focus groups. The focus groups were uniprofessional for general practitioners (GPs), nurses, and dentists, while they were interprofessional for the other health professionals. Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and validated by the research team. The data were analyzed by deductive thematic analysis using the “Gears” Conceptual Model as a coding framework.ResultsFourteen focus groups were conducted involving 58 participants (including 17 GPs, 12 nurses, 15 pharmacists, 3 dentists, and 11 allied health professionals) working in PHCC in Qatar. The findings revealed a spectrum of factors influencing IPC, categorized into four main domains: Macro, Meso, Micro, and individual levels, with each accompanied by relevant barriers and facilitators. Key challenges identified included a lack of communication skills, insufficient professional competencies, and power imbalances, among others. To address these challenges, recommendations were made to implement dedicated training sessions on IPC, reduce hierarchical barriers among different health professionals, and enhance the effectiveness of existing systems. Conversely, it was emphasized that projects and campaigns focused on IPC, alongside the development of enhanced communication skills and the presence of supportive leadership, as essential for facilitating effective IPC in PHCCs.ConclusionThe interplay between the meso, macro, micro, and individual levels highlight the significance of a multifaceted approach to interventions, aiming to enhance the successes of IPC. While initiatives like interprofessional education training are underway, numerous challenges persist before achieving improved collaboration and more efficient integration of IPC in the PHCC setting.

Evaluating Lactate and D-Dimer as Mortality Predictors of Paediatric Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome: A Prospective Study in a Low-Middle Income Country.

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) is a complex medical condition characterised by dysfunction across multiple organs. With limited information available on mortality prediction in the paediatric population, particularly in low-middle income countries, this study evaluates the mortality predicting capabilities of lactate, D-dimer, and their combination. This prospective study involved paediatric patients admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of the largest central children's hospital in the Mekong Delta region, Vietnam, from 2019 to 2021. The discriminative ability and calibration of both individual and combined tests were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Among the patients studied, 63.1% did not survive. Lactate and D-dimer concentrations were significantly higher in the non-survivor group (P < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) values for lactate, D-dimer and the combined lactate-D-dimer test were 0.742, 0.775 and 0.804, respectively, with the combination showing the highest AUC value, though without statistical significance. Specific thresholds for lactate, D-dimer and the combination yielded sensitivities of 75.5%, 71.7%, and 66.0%, respectively. All three tests showed no statistically significant differences between observed and predicted mortality in the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (all P-values > 0.05). Lactate and D-dimer levels showed a significant association with mortality, along with good discrimination and calibration abilities. These results highlight the utility of lactate and D-dimer as effective predictors in paediatric MODS, particularly in resource-limited settings, and their role in improving patient outcomes.

Creating a home with a critically ill child: A qualitative study exploring the experiences of parents of children admitted to paediatric critical care following treatment in neonatal care

BackgroundSurvival of children with complex medical conditions has increased over time. Around 5% of children admitted to a neonatal unit (NNU) later have an admission to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in early life. No work to date has explored the needs of parents who have a child admitted to both of these healthcare settings. ObjectiveThe overall aim of this study was to understand parents' experiences as they navigate the transition between admissions to the NNU and the PICU. This paper reports on one of the themes (creating a home) identified inductively from the dataset. MethodsWe used a qualitative research design using semistructured interviews with parents who had a child (or children) who had been admitted to neonatal care after birth and then subsequently were also admitted to a PICU. We recruited a national purposive sample of parents with experiences of having a child treated in an NNU before being admitted to the PICU. We undertook the interviews and transcribed them before taking a reflexive thematic analysis approach. ResultsA total of 15 mothers and three fathers, of 17 children, were interviewed between January and March 2022. ‘We identified ‘creating a home’ as a key inductive theme with three subthemes: (i) developing parental roles; (ii) creating a physical home; and (iii) creating core memories. ConclusionsThere is a growing cohort of children living with chronic health conditions. In this work, we have explored how their parents establish a home whilst often spending significant periods within the public arena of intensive care. Families across settings need support from healthcare professionals to help them develop their role as parents, build a home, and to create memories together.

Obesity management in the pediatric patient.

In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. The purpose of this review is to discuss treatment modalities for obesity in children and adolescents, including nonpharmacological, pharmacological, and surgical interventions. The prevalence of pediatric obesity has dramatically risen, with rates of 20.7% and 22.2% among children and adolescents, respectively. Obesity is a complex medical condition with multifactorial risk factors, including diet and exercise, social determinants of health, and environmental and genetic factors. The management approach among children and adolescents with obesity includes nutrition counseling, increased physical activity, and readiness for behavioral change. Pharmacotherapy may be recommended, yet the literature has not elucidated the most appropriate first-line treatment. Metformin and orlistat have been studied and may be considered in pediatric patients with comorbid complications, including type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Phentermine and topiramate in combination, as well as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, have provided modest benefits in weight reduction among youth. Setmelanotide has a unique mechanism of action and may be considered for those with obesity due to genetic disorders. Bariatric surgery should be reserved for adolescents meeting criteria for severe obesity. Treatment for obesity in children and adolescents includes a comprehensive approach with structured lifestyle programs, mental health support, and mitigation of social determinants of health. Pharmacotherapy may also be considered, yet no medication is recommended over another, giving flexibility for shared decision-making with the patient and family regarding comorbidities and potential drug interactions. Adolescents with severe obesity who meet specified criteria may also be referred for surgical evaluation.

An expanded focus in advanced wound care for geriatric emergency management nursing: a case study analysis.

Geriatric emergency management (GEM) nursing has emerged as a critical response to the increasing number of emergency department (ED) visits by older people, particularly in North America and specifically in Canada. This demographic often presents with complex medical conditions and atypical disease manifestations. The GEM programme, implemented in Ontario, Canada, aims to provide targeted assessment and establish community connections for frail older individuals, helping prevent their decline and loss of independence. There is a significant demand for specialised wound care services in EDs and frontline ED staff have a limited capacity to provide these. Advanced wound management was integrated into the GEM nursing scope of practice in an initiative. Patients who received wound care from GEM nurses and clinical nurse specialists had positive outcomes; those treated by GEM nurses had shorter wait times. Although the wound care role requires additional training and adds to the GEM nurse workload, the advantages appear substantial. Merging geriatric-focused care with specialist wound management may significantly benefit the care and satisfaction of older people attending the ED, as well as improve patient flow in the ED. This initiative requires further consideration by healthcare leaders and policymakers.

Rare Co-occurrence: A Case Report on Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Pulmonary Metastasis

ABSTRACT Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an inflammatory syndrome marked by excessive activation of macrophages and T-lymphocytes, leading to cytokine overproduction and subsequent histiocytic phagocytosis. Cancer cells spread from the primary tumor to the lungs through nearby tissues, the bloodstream, or the lymphatic system. Eventually, this may result in pulmonary metastasis. Diagnosing HLH and pulmonary metastases is challenging due to the aggressive nature of these diseases. Therefore, early diagnosis is crucial for optimal patient outcomes. Here, we present the case of a patient with no previous comorbidities who was admitted to the emergency department with chief complaints of shortness of breath and excessive sweating. Subsequent comprehensive routine clinical and physiological examinations confirmed the patient with HLH. Furthermore, we performed high-resolution computed tomography for the confirmation of pulmonary metastasis and a bone marrow biopsy, for HLH. The primary site for both HLH and pulmonary metastasis was the lung. Unfortunately, the patient succumbed to the illness before the initiation of the prescribed treatment, possibly attributable to a delayed diagnosis. In the present case presentation, we highlighted the role of comprehensive diagnostic evaluation in complex medical conditions related to HLH and pulmonary metastasis, which have rapid progression and high mortality. Further, investigations and multidisciplinary collaboration are essential in leading the development of an appropriate treatment plan for such a complicated condition, ensuring the best possible outcomes for the patient.