Complex Logic Systems Research Articles

On conjunctive complex fuzzification of Lagrange's theorem of <i>ξ</i>−CFSG

<abstract><p>The application of a complex fuzzy logic system based on a linear conjunctive operator represents a significant advancement in the field of data analysis and modeling, particularly for studying physical scenarios with multiple options. This approach is highly effective in situations where the data involved is complex, imprecise and uncertain. The linear conjunctive operator is a key component of the fuzzy logic system used in this method. This operator allows for the combination of multiple input variables in a systematic way, generating a rule base that captures the behavior of the system being studied. The effectiveness of this method is particularly notable in the study of phenomena in the actual world that exhibit periodic behavior. The foremost aim of this paper is to contribute to the field of fuzzy algebra by introducing and exploring new concepts and their properties in the context of conjunctive complex fuzzy environment. In this paper, the conjunctive complex fuzzy order of an element belonging to a conjunctive complex fuzzy subgroup of a finite group is introduced. Several algebraic properties of this concept are established and a formula is developed to calculate the conjunctive complex fuzzy order of any of its powers in this study. Moreover, an important condition is investigated that determines the relationship between the membership values of any two elements and the membership value of the identity element in the conjunctive complex fuzzy subgroup of a group. In addition, the concepts of the conjunctive complex fuzzy order and index of a conjunctive complex fuzzy subgroup of a group are also presented in this article and their various fundamental algebraic attributes are explored structural. Finally, the conjunctive complex fuzzification of Lagrange's theorem for conjunctive complex fuzzy subgroups of a group is demonstrated.</p></abstract>

Multiple logic gates system based on dual‐wavelength triggered enhancing upconversion luminescence of Gd2(MoO4)3:Yb3+/Er3+

AbstractA complex UC logic system using 1470 and 1550 nm dual‐wavelength as triggering signals has been developed to implement multilevel logic operations. Gd2(MoO4)3:Yb3+/Er3+ upconversion luminescence material can achieve significantly emission enhancement upon simultaneous excitation of 1470 and 1550 nm dual‐wavelength due to the synergistic effect of two kinds of photons realizing better match with energy level. The influences of excitation power and low temperature on dual‐wavelength enhancement effect are also in‐depth researched. Multiple logic combination operations including two‐output (YES + OR, AND + XOR, AND + INHIBIT, YES + INHIBIT) and three‐output (AND + YES + OR) are developed in this Gd2(MoO4)3:Yb3+/Er3+ UC logic system by employing 1470 and 1550 nm excitation resources as input signals and detecting the change of relative intensity of green, red emission and red/green intensity ratio. It is notable that two outputs and three outputs signals in this UC emission system can simultaneously execute different logic operations, which could greatly enlarge the capacity of logic information base and enhance the ability of information processing. These results not only provide a good enlightenment for the design of complex logic systems but also are indispensable for development of various functional devices.

Salt-assisted growth of monolayer MoS2 for high-performance hysteresis-free field-effect transistor

Atomically thin layered materials such as MoS2 have future versatile applications in low power electronics. Here, we demonstrate the growth of a salt-assisted large scale, high-quality monolayer MoS2 toward the realization of a high-performance hysteresis-free field-effect transistor (FET). Density functional theory calculations are implemented to monitor the effects of the Schottky barrier and metal-induced gap states between our metal electrodes and MoS2 for achieving high carrier transport. The role of absorbed molecules and oxide traps on the hysteresis are studied in detail. For the first time, a hysteresis-free intrinsic transistor behavior is obtained by an amplitude sweep pulse I–V measurement with varying pulse widths. Under this condition, a significant enhancement of the field-effect mobility up to 30 cm2 V−1 s−1 is achieved. Moreover, to correlate these results, a single-pulse time-domain drain current analysis is carried out to unleash the fast and slow transient charge trapping phenomena. Our findings on the hysteresis-free transfer characteristic and high intrinsic field-effect mobility in salt-assisted monolayer MoS2 FETs will be beneficial for future device applications in complex memory, logic, and sensor systems.

Dynamic dual spectral response on different cations by regulating PET and LMCT process of a simple luminescent sensor

A simple luminescent sensor BOPM-AB based on arylmaleimide (AM) with 4-methoxyphenyl and N, N-dimethylamino group was designed and synthesized. BOPM-AB exhibits dual spectra response of absorption and emission on Hg2+, Cu2+ and Fe3+. Interestingly, a dynamic response of BOPM-AB was observed upon the stimulus of Cu2+ or Fe3+. With the prolongation of interaction time, Cu2+ and Fe3+ make the emission of BOPM-AB become stronger and weaker, respectively. Titration experiments and DFT calculations demonstrate that the dynamic spectra response is closely related to two transfer process: photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the N, N-dimethylamino to AM, and ligand metal charge transfer (LMCT) induced by metal ions. The unique of properties of BOPM-AB imposes it huge potential in the field of molecular operation. Combined with the factors of different loading amount, sequence of ions and coordinating time, two complex sequential logic systems (half-adder, and keypad lock) could be constructed based on BOPM-AB.

Upconversion logic gates based on dual-wavelength excitation

Complex logic systems using external excitation sources (1550 nm and 1064 nm lasers) as stimulus inputs and upconversion (UC) emission intensities as the optical outputs signals have been developed by taking advantage of the unique two-wavelength excitation effects. The Er3+ doped β-NaYF4 material that can achieve the emission enhancement via simultaneous dual-wavelength pumping at 1550 and 1064 nm due to the matching energy level. Elementary logic operations (OR, AND, and YES) and integrative logic operations are implemented by observing the change in two visible fluorescence emission bands (green and red) under the near-infrared excitation input conditions. The multiple outputs in our system can generate different logic operations under the same input conditions, which could increase the information content in the logic library and further improve the information processing capability. This logic system that takes infrared excitation as input and visible light as output has broad application prospects in the fields of anti-counterfeiting and information encryption. The results not only provide a deep understanding of the dual-wavelength excitation UC luminescence mechanism, but also offer a useful enlightenment for the development of novel micro/nanostructured materials for photonic devices.

Illuminating Diverse Concomitant DNA Logic Gates and Concatenated Circuits with Hairpin DNA-Templated Silver Nanoclusters as Universal Dual-Output Generators.

Exquisite administration of a new type of hairpin DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (H-AgNCs) as universal dual-output generators in DNA-based logic systems is reported. Diverse concomitant contrary logic gates (CCLGs) with opposite functions (YES^ NOT, OR^ NOR, INHIBIT^ IMPLICATION, XOR^ XNOR, and MAJORITY^ MINORITY) and extended concatenated logic circuits are presented and some of them perform specific functions, such as parity generators and checkers. The introduction of H-AgNCs as noncovalent signal reporters avoids tedious and high-cost labeling procedures. Of note, the concomitant feature of CCLGs attributed to the dual-emitter AgNCs conduces to reducing the time and cost to devise multiple logic gates. As compared to previous ones, this design eliminates numerous substances (e.g., organic dyes) and unstable components (hydrogen peroxide), which not only decreases the complexity of logic performs and improves repeatability of operation, but also makes it convenient to connect distinct DNA-based logic gates. It is worthy to anticipate that the cost-effective strategy will inspire researchers to develop much more complex logic systems and contribute to the field of molecular computing.

A Personal Journey across Fluorescent Sensing and Logic Associated with Polymers of Various Kinds.

Our experiences concerning fluorescent molecular sensing and logic devices and their intersections with polymer science are the foci of this brief review. Proton-, metal ion- and polarity-responsive cases of these devices are placed in polymeric micro- or nano-environments, some of which involve phase separation. This leads to mapping of chemical species on the nanoscale. These devices also take advantage of thermal properties of some polymers in water in order to reincarnate themselves as thermometers. When the phase separation leads to particles, the latter can be labelled with identification tags based on molecular logic. Such particles also give rise to reusable sensors, although molecular-scale resolution is sacrificed in the process. Polymeric nano-environments also help to organize rather complex molecular logic systems from their simple components. Overall, our little experiences suggest that researchers in sensing and logic would benefit if they assimilate polymer concepts.

Luminescent Carbon Dots for Logic Operations in Two Phases

Basic and higher integrated logic operations have been achieved by using luminescent carbon dots through interactions with metal ions and organic molecules in liquid dispersions as well as in the solid phase. The biphasic simple and complex logic systems could be potentially used for various analytical applications as well as for the detection of important elements in diverse environments.

A Review of Covering Arrays and Their Application to Software Testing

Problem statement: As a complex logic system, software may suffer from different source of faults. Those faults can be avoided by applying different testing processes. It appears recently th at the interaction among the system factors represents a common source of faults. Software function properly, all input factors and their interactions of the software need to be tested i.e., exhaustive testing. Random testing, in another hand, doesn't g uarantee the coverage of all factors interaction. Approach: Covering Arrays (CAs) are mathematical objects used as platform or structure to represent the interactions of factors for a given system. The uses of CAs become important to reduce the test cases by covering all t-interactions of the system factors at least one time. Results: This study focuses exclusively on the applications of the CAs in softw are interaction testing. We provide an overview of CAs notations, types and construction methods. Conclusion: We reviewed the recent applications of CAs to software testing and discuss the future poss ible directions of the research. The research in th is area seems to be an active research direction for t he coming years.

Molecular‐Scale Logic Gates

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Molecular logic gates based on pentacyanoferrate complexes: from simple gates to three-dimensional logic systems.

The article presents new aspects of reactivity of two pentacyanoferrates: [Fe(CN)5NO]2- and [Fe(CN)5N(O)SR]3-. The dependence of thermodynamic functions on cations was found for the reaction between nitroprusside and thiolate. The thermodynamic data are interpreted in terms of ion pairing and changes in the solvation shell of the cations. It was found that the reaction enthalpies and entropies depend strongly on the cation radius. The reaction volume in turn is strongly affected by the structure and properties of the hydration shell. Careful data analysis allowed the contribution of partial cation dehydration to the total reaction volume to be determined. The experimental results were also interpreted in terms of chemical logic gates. Complex logic systems were built from a number of cells containing a switching compound arranged in different geometric patterns. Increasing the dimensionality of these arrangements leads to really complex logic systems containing up to 20 AND and OR logic gates. The system is capable of processing up to 16 bits of input data.

Molecular-scale logic gates.

Currently available approaches to molecular-scale logic gates are summarized and compared. These include: chemically-controlled fluorescent and transmittance-based switches concerned with small molecules, DNA oligonucleotides with fluorescence readout, oligonucleotide reactions with DNA-based catalysts, chemically-gated photochromics, reversibly denaturable proteins, molecular machines with optical and electronic signals, two-photon fluorophores and multichromophoric transient optical switches. The photochemical principles of electron and energy transfer are involved in several of these approaches. More complex molecular logic systems with reconfigurability and superposability provide contrasts with current semiconductor electronics. Integration of simple logic functions to produce more complex ones is also discussed in terms of recent developments.

Modeling Logic Systems with Structured Array-based Logic

First this paper introduces an efficient tool called array-based logic for modeling complex logic systems. The main concepts of array-based logic are explained. Second, the logic functions of this tool are presented with the help of six definitions. Finally, an application example on manufacturing system is worked out.

Application of Semiconductor Logic Components in Reactor Safety and Regulating Systems

A prototype of reactor trip logic for a CANDU reactor shutdown system, implemented with field programmable logic arrays (FPLAs), was developed as a step towards the phasing out of relays in this application. The prototype uses continuous self-testing to detect and locate faults. A design for control rod interlock logic, based on FPLAs, was also produced. The main design features of both systems are explained. The experience gained in this application of FPLAs is discussed. The potential application of this technology is in complex logic systems where a relay design is too inflexible and time consuming to fabricate, and a programmable controller or computer is impractical or undesirable.