Complex Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis Research Articles

Influence of TiO2 addition on the Mg4Nb2O9 ceramic phase and its application in the radiofrequency region

In this work, the dielectric properties of (1-x) Mg4Nb2O9 – (x) TiO2 composite ceramics in radiofrequency and the microwave region were evaluated. X-ray diffraction demonstrated that Mg4Nb2O9 (MNO) reacted with TiO2 resulting in the formation of new crystalline phase Mg5(Nb0.625Ti0.375)4O15. Complex Impedance Spectroscopy (CIS) analysis was realized to analysis the electrical properties of materials, whereas was observed that activation energy (Ea) decrease from 1.64 to 1.37 eV with an increase in TiO2 concentration. Temperature capacitance coefficient (TCC) was obtained and showed that at different frequencies all materials could be used as Class 1 ceramic capacitors according to EIA RS-198. In the Microwave region, MNO – TiO2 demonstrated ε’r between 12.07 (MNO) and 14.08 (MNO18T), tan δ values varying of 2.64 × 10-4 (MNO) up to 5.92 × 10−4 (MNOT14). Regarding the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) was observed that the values decreased with the increase in TiO2, with the value closest to zero being that of pure MNO (τf = −27 ppm.°C−1). The results presented show that materials evaluated could be utilized in devices that can be act in radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) regions.

Nanostructured ZZO Oxides for TCO Applications: Physical, Dielectric, and Complex Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis

Nanostructured ZZO Oxides for TCO Applications: Physical, Dielectric, and Complex Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis

Investigation of Structural, Dielectric, Magnetic and Impedance Spectroscopy of MgO/CuFe2O4 Nanocomposites

This study investigates the properties of (MgO)x/(CuFe2O4)1-x x= 10–50 wt.% nanocomposites (NCPs) prepared by physical mixing of both materials. The crystal structure, phase identification and morphology were analyzed by x-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The investigation revealed the formation of required phases which are in nanometer dimension (22–54 nm) computed by Debye-Sherrer’s formula. Both the real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant (ε/ & ε//), a.c. conductivity (σac), and impedance were measured in the frequency range of 1kHz to 2MHz by LCR meter. The ε/ and ε// revealed a decreasing trend with frequency, while MgO weight fractions in NCPs enhance the permittivity values. The real and imaginary parts of impedance (Z/ & Z//) demonstrate a decreasing trend with frequency which is ascribed to increase in σac. The complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) analysis shows semicircular arcs at higher frequency, which are due to electrical transport properties of conducting grains. The effect of MgO contents on magnetic properties were analyzed by measuring M-H loops at room temperature through vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Both the saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercivity (Hc) values show a decreasing profile with MgO fractions, which are due to increase in nonmagnetic contents and decrease in surface anisotropy respectively.

Improved magnetoelectric coupling of Co–Ti substituted barium hexaferrite at room temperature and related electrical investigations

This paper reports a systematic study of the electrical, multiferroic and magnetoelectric coupling properties of Co–Ti substituted Barium hexaferrites, having the chemical composition BaFe12-2xCoxTixO19 (x = 0–2.0; in steps of 0.5), synthesized using the sol gel auto-combustion method. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) studies and Rietveld refinement confirmed the successful incorporation of Co–Ti ions in the hexaferrite lattice with all the samples displaying Pb63/mmc space group single phase structure. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images revealed the inhibition of crystal growth in a particular direction with Co–Ti substitution. The conduction mechanisms of the samples were analysed from the conductivity measurements and were found to follow Jonschers power law. The complex impedance spectroscopy analysis and the Cole-Cole plot fitted diagrams of the samples indicated the enhancement of bulk resistivity and grain boundary resistivity with substitution. Saturation magnetizations of the substituted samples decreased and were ascribed to the replacement of Fe ions by Co–Ti ions at different crystallographic sites. The observed reduction in anisotropy constant indicated the disturbance in the magnetic axis. The multiferroic nature of the substituted samples at room temperature was confirmed from the soft ferroelectric loops. Room temperature magnetoelectric coupling coefficient was found to be largely enhanced with substitution, achieving an exceptionally high value of 182mV/cmOe for the x = 1.5 sample. This may prove useful for potential use in emerging device applications as a single phase room temperature multiferroic material.

Influence of Samarium on Structural, Morphological, and Electrical Properties of Lithium Manganese Oxide

Research and developments on preparing electrode material for lithium-ion batteries are burgeoning nowadays widely. In this study, we used the high energy ball-milling method to prepare pure and samarium-doped lithium manganese oxide (Li4Mn5O12) and investigated its structural, morphological, and electrical properties. The XRD spectrum for the produced materials confirmed the phase purity and crystallinity of the material. The fourier transform infrared spectrum was used to determine the different sorts of vibrations between molecules. The particle size with the presence of polyhedral-shaped morphology was certified by using SEM and TEM analysis. EDS mapping was used to assess the elemental composition and purity of the samples. Complex impedance spectroscopy analysis was used to investigate the temperature dependency of the materials’ electrical properties, and high conductivity (1.15 × 10−7 S cm−1) was reported for samarium-doped lithium manganese oxide at 100°C, and its dielectric relaxation behavior was examined.

Head-to-Tail and Head-to-Head Molecular Chains of Poly(p-Anisidine): Combined Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation.

Poly(p-anisidine) (PPA) is a polyaniline derivative presenting a methoxy (–OCH3) group at the para position of the phenyl ring. Considering the important role of conjugated polymers in novel technological applications, a systematic, combined experimental and theoretical investigation was performed to obtain more insight into the crystallization process of PPA. Conventional oxidative polymerization of p-anisidine monomer was based on a central composite rotational design (CCRD). The effects of the concentration of the monomer, ammonium persulfate (APS), and HCl on the percentage of crystallinity were considered. Several experimental techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), multifractal analysis, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR), Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and complex impedance spectroscopy analysis, in addition to Density Functional Theory (DFT), were employed to perform a systematic investigation of PPA. The experimental treatments resulted in different crystal structures with a percentage of crystallinity ranging from (29.2 ± 0.6)% (PPA1HT) to (55.1 ± 0.2)% (PPA16HT-HH). A broad halo in the PPA16HT-HH pattern from 2θ = 10.0–30.0° suggested a reduced crystallinity. Needle and globular-particle morphologies were observed in both samples; the needle morphology might have been related to the crystalline contribution. A multifractal analysis showed that the PPA surface became more complex when the crystallinity was reduced. The proposed molecular structures of PPA were supported by the high-resolution 13C NMR results, allowing us to access the percentage of head-to-tail (HT) and head-to-head (HH) molecular structures. When comparing the calculated and experimental FTIR spectra, the most pronounced changes were observed in ν(C–H), ν(N–H), ν(C–O), and ν(C–N–C) due to the influence of counterions on the polymer backbone as well as the different mechanisms of polymerization. Finally, a significant difference in the electrical conductivity was observed in the range of 1.00 × 10−9 S.cm−1 and 3.90 × 10−14 S.cm−1, respectively, for PPA1HT and PPA16HT-HH.

Development of electrical and magnetic properties of Gd substituted Ba0.75Sr0.25Fe12O19 nanoparticles

Nanoparticles of Gadolinium substituted barium-strontium hexaferrite of composition Ba0.75Sr0.25Fe12-xGdxO19 (x = 0.0−0.4 with a step size of x = 0.1) were synthesized using WOW sol- gel method. Pallets were sintered at 920 °C for 20 min. XRD of calcined and sintered samples showed pure hexagonal structure. SEM micrographs showed agglomerated nanoparticles of the nano-size. Dielectric properties like dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent, AC conductivity, impedance (real Zʹ and imaginary part Z") were measured at room temperature with respect to frequency. Gd (x = 0.3) substituted sample showed the highest value for dielectric constant of the order of 2136. The ac electrical conductivity increased with increase in frequency. AC conductivity and dielectric constant increased with substitution concentration. The obtained results are explained by Maxwell Wagner model. Impedance decreased as a function of frequency. The highest impedance value was observed for the 0.4 Gd substituted sample and it is 2500 kΩ. Complex impedance spectroscopy analysis for samples showed effect of grain and grain boundary resistance. Magnetic properties were measured using VSM. Gd (x = 0.3) substituted sample showed maximum value of coercivity i.e. 5413 Oe. Gd (x = 0.2) substituted sample showed maximum saturation magnetization and remanence magnetization.

Grain growth correlated complex impedance spectroscopy, modulus spectroscopy and carrier hopping mechanism in MnCo2O4: Influence of sintering temperature

This work primarily focuses on grain growth dependent electrical properties of spinel nano-cobaltite MnCo2O4 prepared by co-precipitation method and sintered at different temperatures between 400 and 1000 °C. XRD confirms formation of cubic manganese cobaltite. Rietveld method was used to estimate different microstructural parameters. Crystallite size increases with increasing sintering temperature from ~12.18 nm to ~97.95 nm which is comparable with grain growth noticed from FESEM micrographs. TGA-DSC curve shows long range phase stability of the materials. Cole-Cole plot obtained from complex impedance spectroscopy analysis shows non-Debye type depressed semi-circular nature. Activation energies evaluated from ac conductivity, migration energy and relaxation time approaches are consistent with each other indicating that the charge carriers have same barrier potential for conducting, migrating and relaxing. Hopping mechanism of charge carriers was confirmed from ac conductivity analysis. Conductivity is higher for sample sintered at higher temperature which might be associated with lowering of inter granular hopping distance. Master curves show good scaling behaviour of different spectra. It depicts that time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) is valid for the samples and conduction mechanism is same at all temperatures.

Dielectric loss management by antimony (Sb) incorporation in giant dielectric CaCu3Ti4O12

The partial substitution of Sb5+ on the Ti site for giant dielectric constant material CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) has been done in the present paper, and the effect of Sb substitution on the microstructural, dielectric and electrical property of the material is investigated. The main objective of this paper is to minimize high loss tangent (tan δ) which has restricted the practical applications of CCTO. XRD analysis carried out on the as-synthesized powders confirms formation of single phase material accompanied by dopant-induced lattice constant shrinkage. Scanning electron microscope images demonstrate that the grain size of sintered ceramic samples decreases with the increasing Sb content. The dielectric response of sintered CaCu3Ti4−xSbxO12 samples studied by precision LCR meter suggests that Sb doping is an effective way for maintaining a high dielectric constant and low loss over a broad range in temperature and frequency. Room temperature complex impedance spectroscopy analysis suggests that all compounds are electrically heterogeneous consisting of semiconducting grains and insulating grain boundaries establishing internal barrier layer capacitance model. These results indicate that Sb-doped CCTO ceramics have a favorable prospect to be able to stimulate practical applications.

Structure, energy storage properties and dielectric responses of Ba0.95Ca0.05ZrxTi1−xO3 ceramics prepared by a citrate method

Ba0.95Ca0.05ZrxTi1−xO3 (x = 0.20, 0.25, 0.30) ceramics were prepared by a citrate method. The microstructure, crystal structure and energy storage properties were investigated. Moreover, the dielectric properties of these specimens were examined as a function of temperature, frequency and electric field. The dielectric constant of Ba0.95Ca0.05ZrxTi1−xO3 ceramics was determined to be 4446, 3541 and 2224 for x = 0.20, x = 0.25 and x = 0.30, respectively, under zero electric field and room temperature. The dielectric loss was detected to be 0.9%, 0.8% and 0.3%, respectively, under the same condition. However, these samples displayed nearly identical energy storage densities at a given high-electric field, such as 0.41, 0.36 and 0.40 J/cm3, respectively, under 120 kV/cm, which can be explained by means of intrinsic lattice phonon polarization. The energy storage efficiency manifested a complicated variation, relying on polar nano-regions (PNRs) and dipole polarization at weak electric field and highly dependent on leakage conduction under strong electric field. Complex impedance spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that the mobile charge carriers in the specimens were oxygen vacancies, arising from lattice oxygen release during sintering. This work emphasized an important effect of oxygen-ion motion on the energy storage efficiency.

Size dependent dielectric, magnetic, transport and magnetodielectric properties of BiFe0.98Co0.02O3 nanoparticles

Nanostructured polycrystalline samples of BiFe0.98Co0.02O3 (BFCO) with various sizes were prepared using acetate precursor based modified sol–gel method. Rhombohedral phase of nanoparticles has been confirmed by X–ray diffraction (XRD) measurement. The electrical and magnetic properties of samples were investigated for different sized nanoparticles (47.25–93.30 nm). The effect of sintering temperature on the structural, microstructural and dielectric properties has been discussed in the context of crystallite size and oxygen vacancy concentration. The temperature dependent impedance study confirms that the temperature dependent relaxation process is non Debye type and dominated by the short–range movement of oxygen vacancies. The value of magnetization is found to increase with decreasing particle size. Large magnetodielectric (MD) effect has been observed for BFCO nanoparticles with size less than ∼ 62 nm. Complex impedance spectroscopy analysis has been used to ensure intrinsic MD effect.

Rapid fabrication and improved electrical properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics by sol–gel and spark plasma sintering techniques

CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramics with smaller grain size usually show a low dielectric constant by using the conventional sintering method. In this work, the pure CCTO ceramics with smaller grain size prepared by the spark plasma sintering method (SPS) present the giant dielectric constant (e′) over a wide temperature range. The dense CCTO ceramics have been rapidly fabricated by a sol–gel process and the SPS method at different sintering temperatures. The XRD patterns indicate a single CCTO phase with cubic perovskite structure in SPS-CCTO ceramics. The SEM images demonstrate that the average grain size of the SPS-CCTO ceramics increases from about 2.23(± 1.56) μm to 4.68(± 2.45) μm with the increases of the SPS sintering temperature from 800 to 900 °C. The obvious electrically heterogeneous characteristics in these SPS-CCTO ceramics are affirmed by the complex impedance spectroscopy analysis. The highest dielectric constant of 1.58 × 104 at 103 Hz is found in SPS-CCTO3 (900 °C) ceramics, and the temperature coefficients of the dielectric constant Δe′ in SPS-CCTO1 (800 °C) and SPS-CCTO2 (850 °C) ceramics with the high e′ values are less than ± 15% (Δe′ < ±15%) over a temperature range of − 30 to 80 °C; the high dielectric constant is due to the phenomenon of Rg ≪ Rgb based on the internal barrier layer capacitance (IBLC) effect. The larger nonlinear coefficient of 9.07, as well as the enhanced breakdown field of 3257 V/cm are achieved in SPS-CCTO1 ceramics, which is attributed to the increased grain boundary resistance and the Schottky barrier at grain boundary regions. These results indicate that the SPS method is an effective way to control the grain size and improve the electrical properties of the CCTO ceramics for energy storage application.

Electrodeposition of multilayers Ag-Ni-Ag on graphite based paper electrodes

To meet the demand of modern flexible and disposable technology, directly collected lignocelluloses fibers and graphite composite are successfully fabricated with uniformly electrodeposited of thin layers of nickel, silver and nickel. These multilayers (Ni-Ag-Ni) were electrodeposited on lignocelluloses-graphite sheet by using three electrode setup at a constant reduction potential (−0.95 V) between the electrodes. Composition and nanostructures of these nanocomposites (LC-graphite-multilayers) were investigated by using energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV–VIS and impedance spectrometer. FE-SEM images revealed that Ni-Ag-Ni layers are uniformly integrated into LC-graphene matrix and EDX analysis confirmed the deposition of multilayers Ni and Ag. Dielectric analysis revealed the non-linear frequency dependent response of the multilayered deposited LC fibers based nanocomposite. Complex impedance spectroscopy analysis presented the multilayered deposited LC fibers based paper electrode for high-tech applications in optical and electronic devices.

Defect chemistry and dielectric behavior of Sr0.99Ce0.01Ti1−xO3 ceramics with high permittivity

Sr0.99Ce0.01Ti1-xO3 (SCT, x = 0, ± 0.0025, ± 0.0050, 0.0075) ceramics were prepared by solid state reaction methods and sintered in air atmosphere at different temperatures, with a soaking time of 2 h. The dielectric properties of all samples presented excellent temperature independence over a broad temperature range from 25 to 330 ℃ and frequency independence between 10 kHz and 1 MHz. Sr0.99Ce0.01Ti0.9925O3 (SCT0.9925) ceramics sintered in air atmosphere exhibited a high permittivity (~5400) and a low dielectric loss (~0.01) measured at room temperature and 1 kHz. XPS and complex impedance spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the high permittivity and low dielectric loss were attributed to the fully ionized oxygen vacancies and giant defect-dipoles in Ti-deficient samples. However, a higher dielectric loss of Ti-rich samples is owing to the destruction of giant defect dipoles, in which highly localized electrons were transformed into hopping electrons.

Effects of nano-sized BCZT on structure and electrical properties of KNN-based lead-free piezoceramics

The (1 − x)(Li0.03Na0.5K0.47)(Nb0.92Sb0.05Ta0.03)O3–xBa0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (LNKNST–BCZT, x = 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5%) lead-free piezoceramics were synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method with adding nano-sized Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT) powder to investigate their influences on crystal structure and electrical properties. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that all the sintered LNKNST–BCZT ceramics exhibit pure perovskite structure with the mainly rhombohedral (R) phase or the coexistence of rhombohedral (R) phase and tetragonal (T) phase. The composition of the LNKNST–1.5%BCZT ceramics locates around the critical point, i.e., the ceramics changing from the coexistence of rhombohedral (R) phase and tetragonal (T) phase to purely rhombohedral (R) phase, and presents the most densified microstructure morphology, which can be confirmed further by the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) observation. There are two dielectric anomalies in the temperature dependent dielectric properties curves of the LNKNST–BCZT ceramics, which correlate with the ferroelectric rhombohedral (R) phase changing to the ferroelectric tetragonal (T) phase, and then to the paraelectric cubic (C) phase. Both the Curie–Weiss law and the power law fittings confirm the diffuse phase transition ferroelectrics characteristic of the LNKNST–1.5%BCZT ceramics, which is considered as correlating with the polar nanoregions (PNRs). Due to the densification effect caused by the chosen amount of nano-sized BCZT doping and the construction of R–T polymorphic phase boundary, the LNKNST–1.5%BCZT ceramics exhibit the best ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. The complex impedance spectroscopy analysis confirms that the extrinsic electrical conduction mechanism at high temperatures is dominated by the oxygen vacancies induced by the evaporation of the alkali metals during sintering.

Magneto-dielectric properties studies of the matrix composite [SrFe12O19(SFO)1-X – BiFeO3(BFO)X

The effects of different BiFeO3 (BFO) additions (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 wt%) on the SrFe12O19 hexaferrite ceramic matrix (SFO) have been studied by Complex Impedance Spectroscopy (CIS), Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetic hysteresis and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The solid state reaction method was used for the production of the SFO and BFO, the phase formation was confirmed by the XRD and Rietveld refinement, where the obtained fitting presented an effective refinement. The diffractogram for BFO-SFO composites presented all peaks in agreement with the BFO and SFO phases. The thermo-activated process was studied by the CIS and the Arrhenius equation in the composite series of BFO-SFO with SFO presenting higher values of activation energy between the analyzed samples and the frequency and temperature range studied was 1–10 MHz and 160 °C to 300 °C, respectively. The addition of BFO in the SFO ceramic matrix lead to an improvement of the thermal-stability of the composite, where a signal inversion of Temperature Coefficient of Capacitance (TCC), in the composites, was observed. The Nyquist plots showed the presence of a semicircle that was fitted by an equivalent circuit model using R - CPE association, showing the same profile in all samples. The Mössbauer spectrum of the composites demonstrate the typical five Fe3+ site for M-type hexagonal ferrites even after the addition of BFO in a ceramic matrix. The addition of BFO in the formation of composites, with SFO, showed interesting results in the radio frequency range and presented magnetic properties that can be explored in applications in the area of telecommunications, medicine and military industry.

Structure and electrical properties of Ba(In0.5Nb0.5)1-xTixO3 ceramics

Lead-free Ba(In0.5Nb0.5)1-xTixO3 (0 ? x ? 1) ceramics was synthesized using a standard high temperature solidstate reaction method and sintered at 1400?C/4 h (except the pure BaTiO3 which was sintered at 1300?C/4 h). The ceramics was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, dielectric, impedance and AC conductivity studies. The crystal structure of the compounds was found to be cubic (with the space group Pm3m) for x = 0,0.25 and 0.50 and tetragonal (P4/mmm) for x = 0.75 and 1.0. Increase in Ti-content in the ceramic samples leads to the decrease in unit cell volume while the values of real as well as imaginary parts of dielectric constant and AC conductivity increase. Complex impedance spectroscopy analysis indicated the negative temperature coefficient of resistance. AC conductivity data supported the hopping type of conduction in the system and obeyed Jonscher?s power law. The real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant and AC conductivity data fit excellently well with an exponential function.

Dielectric nonlinearity and electric breakdown behaviors of Ba0.95Ca0.05Zr0.3Ti0.7O3 ceramics for energy storage utilizations

Ba0.95Ca0.05Zr0.3Ti0.7O3 ceramics were prepared by a citrate method. The dielectric properties of the specimens were examined as a function of temperature, frequency and electric field. Moreover, the energy storage properties and electric breakdown behaviors of the specimens were inspected. Fitting of the dielectric constants under bias electric field to a multipolarization mechanism model resolved the contributions of involved polarization mechanisms. The result indicated that the intrinsic lattice polarization dominated the dielectric constants under strong electric field while the extrinsic contribution of polar nano-regions (PNRs) was basically faded. At the maximum applicable electric field of 160 kV/cm, the specimens achieved an energy storage density of 0.59 J/cm3 and an energy storage efficiency of 72.8%. It was detected that the electric breakdown of the specimens initially occurred on the surfaces immediately adjacent to electrodes, followed by development of an electronic conduction pathway in the bulks. Complex impedance spectroscopy analysis determined that oxygen vacancies were the mobile charge carriers in the specimens. The occurrence of the initial breakdown was explained with respect to accumulation of oxygen vacancies in the specimens induced by strong electric field.

Electrical transport properties of CoMn0.2−xGaxFe1.8O4 ferrites using complex impedance spectroscopy

In this study, we report the influence of Ga content on the microstructural, magnetic, and AC impedance properties of Co-based ferrites with compositions of CoMn0.2−xGaxFe1.8O4 (x=0, 0.1, and 0.2) prepared by the solid-state reaction method. Experimental results showed that the as-prepared Co-based ferrites had a single-phase spinel structure; the Curie temperature of Co-based ferrites decreased with increasing Ga content. All ferrite samples exhibited a typical hysteresis behavior with good values of saturation magnetization at room temperature. The electrical properties of Co-based ferrites were investigated using complex impedance spectroscopy analysis in the frequency range of 100 kHz-50 MHz at temperatures of 150 to 250 oC. The impedance analysis revealed that the magnitudes of the real part (Z’) and the imaginary part (Z”) of complex impedance decreased with increasing temperature. Only one semicircle was observed in each complex impedance plane plot, which revealed that the contribution to conductivity was from the grain boundaries. It was found that the relaxation time for the grain boundary (τgb) also decreased with increasing temperature. The values of resistance for the grain boundary (Rgb) significantly increased with increasing Ga content, which indicated that the incorporation of Ga into Co-based ferrites enhanced the electrical resistivity.

Layered perovskite structured La5−xSrxTi4+xSc1−xO17 microwave ceramics for dielectrically loaded antennas

The crystal structure, microstructure and dielectric properties of layered perovskite structured La5−xSrxTi4+xSc1−xO17 (x=0–0.8) ceramics prepared by a solid state reaction route were investigated. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed the formation of single phase orthorhombic (Pnnm) symmetry. The microwave dielectric properties (εr, Q×fo and τf) of samples have been investigated as a function of composition. εr and τf increased while Q×fo decreased with an increase in x. The sample x=0.6 exhibited εr=54.8, Q×fo= 12,260GHz and τf=6.7ppm/°C which may be a suitable candidate material for dielectrically loaded antenna applications. The complex impedance spectroscopy analysis of the sample x=0.6 revealed that the sample is highly insulative with two electro-active regions (bulk and grain boundary).