Complex Framework Research Articles

Multielectron Redox Chemistry of Ytterbium Complexes Reaching the +1 and Zero Formal Oxidation States.

Lanthanide redox reactivity remains limited to one-electron transfer reactions due to their inability to access a broad range of oxidation states. Here, we show that multielectron reductive chemistry is achieved for ytterbium by using the tripodal tris(siloxide)arene redox-active ligand, which can store two electrons in the arene anchor. Reduction of the Yb(III) complex of the tris(siloxide)arene tripodal ligand affords the Yb(II) analogue by metal-centered reduction. Two subsequent reduction events occur mainly at the ligand with retention of the ligand framework and formation of analogous complexes of Yb in the formal +1 and zero oxidation states. Four complexes of Yb in four different oxidation states were isolated, crystallographically and spectroscopically characterized, and their electronic structure was confirmed by DFT studies. Reactivity studies show that the "Yb(I)" complex can transfer two electrons to organic azides, with retention of its molecular structure, to form highly reactive imido intermediates, providing a rare example of a two-electron transfer at a single lanthanide center that does not involve accessing the +4 oxidation state.

Enti ecclesiastici e Tassa comunale sui rifiuti nella recente normativa e giurisprudenza nazionale

The taxation of ecclesiastical bodies for waste tax in the recent national law and jurisprudence ABSTRACT: The heterogeneity of activities that can take place in properties owned by ecclesiastical entities raises questions of considerable systemic and tax relevance. This is probably related to the uncertainty surrounding the notion of ecclesiastical bodies, so much so that it has always occupied a prominent place in the reflections of ecclesiastical doctrine. In this regard, it is important to point out how the notion of ecclesiastical bodies indicates a category proper to the state system and not to the canonical system such that, in addition to the widespread Catholic entities, it also concerns those of different cults, so that no disparity of treatment or undue favor towards any particular denomination is configured. From a tax-law perspective, the subjective category of ecclesiastical entities does not identify a monolithic legal species of the subjective category of non-commercial entities under Article 73, paragraph 1(c) of the TUIR, as evidenced by the existence of a articulated and complex regulatory framework. With reference to this aspect, it looms interesting to examine the discipline concerning the waste tax for the ecclesiastical bodies in the light of concrete application. SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. Brevi considerazioni sull’esordio e la nature giuridica della TARI - 3. La Convenzione tra Italia e Santa Sede in materia di scambio di informazioni fiscali - 4. Il percorso argomentativo seguito dalla giurisprudenza di Cassazione in tema di esenzione ai fini TARI per gli enti ecclesiastici - 5. Notazioni conclusive

Visegrad Countries and Africa

The scenario of great international uncertainty and insecurity reconfigures a new and necessary focus on the dynamics between the Visegrad countries and Africa. Through an evolutionary historical perspective and a focus on the complex and delicate contemporary situation, this contribution aims to explore and deepen the type of relations that have been established over the years between the Visegrad countries and Africa. Specifically, the paper considers the policies developed by Visegrad countries with particular attention to three issues: security, resilience, cultural diplomacy, and cooperation. In accordance with these issues, security is a common ground for both Visegrad countries and Africa as the latter geopolitical reality is in different ways affected by political and economic instability that could be adapted through actions of social resilience and support to the communities involved. The aim of this paper is therefore to understand how the issue of resilience is and has been addressed in the relationship between the Visegrad countries and Africa. In this complex framework influenced by the major events of the Covid-19 pandemic and the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, the instruments of cooperation and cultural diplomacy will be considered to better understand the relationship between the Visegrad countries and Africa.

Anomaly Detection System using Machine Learning Algorithms

The "Anomaly Detections Systems" is a advanced web application created to upgrade framework security and execution observing through machine learning strategies. This application, highlighting a strong login and dashboard interface for clients, empowers real-time location and examination of peculiarities inside complex frameworks. By leveraging progressed machine learning calculations, the framework can distinguish abnormal designs and behaviors that go astray from built up standards, subsequently giving early notices of potential issues or breaches. The user-friendly dashboard offers comprehensive bits of knowledge and visualizations, permitting directors to screen framework wellbeing and execution proficiently. Clients can get to point by point reports and real-time alarms, encouraging incite examination and reaction to recognized peculiarities. This proactive approach to framework observing not as it were improving security by recognizing potential dangers some time recently they heighten but moreover makes strides generally framework unwavering quality and execution. The integration of machine learning guarantees nonstop change and adjustment to advancing dangers and operational conditions. This venture underscores the basic part of innovation in keeping up vigorous and secure frameworks, exhibiting the potential of machine learning in proactive framework administration and irregularity location

Do counselor candidates have individualizing or binding moral foundations?

ABSTRACT Recent research has highlighted the application of moral foundations theory in counseling settings as it can provide a complex framework to understand the concept of morality, moral diversity, values, and decision-making processes. The emergence and development of social justice and multicultural counseling competencies has particularly raised important concerns regarding the application of values in counseling. The present study examined moral foundations as predictors of counseling students’ universality – diversity orientation. Three hundred and fifty-six counseling students at the undergraduate level participated in the research (M age = 21.86, SD = 2.26, 77.1% female). The results of a series of multiple regression analyses indicated that individualizing foundations were stronger predictors of universality – diversity orientation. Fairness was the only significant predictor of the behavioral aspect of universality – diversity orientation (diversity of contact), while fairness and care robustly predicted the cognitive aspect of universality – diversity orientation (relativistic appreciation). Care, authority, and loyalty significantly predicted the emotional aspect (comfort with differences). Overall, these results suggest that the participating counselor candidates were more likely to rely on individualizing foundations for cultural competence.

Exploring Facilitators and Barriers to Managers’ Adoption of AI-Based Systems in Decision Making: A Systematic Review

Introduction—Decision making (DM) is a fundamental responsibility for managers, with significant implications for organizational performance and strategic direction. The increasing complexity of modern business environments, along with the recognition of human reasoning limitations related to cognitive and emotional biases, has led to a heightened interest in harnessing emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance DM processes. However, a notable disparity exists between the potential of AI and its actual adoption within organizations, revealing skepticism and practical challenges associated with integrating AI into complex managerial DM scenarios. This systematic literature review aims to address this gap by examining the factors that influence managers’ adoption of AI in DM. Methods—This study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. Articles from 2010 to 2024 were selected from the Scopus database using specific keywords. Eligible studies were included after rigorous screening and quality assessment using checklist tools. Results—From 202 articles screened, a data synthesis of 16 eligible studies revealed seven major interconnected factors acting as key facilitators or barriers to AI integration within organizations. These factors—Managers’ Perceptions of AI, Ethical Factors, Psychological and Individual Factors, Social and Psychosocial Factors, Organizational Factors, External Factors, and Technical and Design Characteristics of AI—were then organized into a complex analytical framework informed by existing theoretical constructs. Discussion—This contribution provides valuable insights into how managers perceive and interact with AI systems, as well as the conditions necessary for successful integration into organizational DM processes.

Benefits of integrating seismic and gravity data in a subsalt environment: A case study at block BM-C-33, deepwater Campos Basin, offshore Brazil

Imaging subsalt layers is challenging in the BM-C-33 block in the Campos Basin’s ultradeep waters. This block is important because it has three significant gas and condensate discoveries in the presalt carbonate and volcanic reservoirs—Seat, Gávea, and Pão de Açucar. Understanding basement morphology is essential to better define the petroleum system in the area. To that end, we performed a 2D gravity modeling exercise along a northwest–southeast section using seismic interpretation as input to reduce the ambiguity of the modeling exercise. To achieve this, we fixed the main sedimentary horizons and their densities (calculated via well-log information) to better estimate the top of the basement morphology. This interpretation strategy better delineated the presalt sedimentary section and the complex structural framework with two asymmetric grabens bounded by a prominent horst, interpreted as a migration focusing high in the BM-C-33 area. In addition, our findings show that obtaining clear images remains challenging even after extensive processing of the seismic data set. We suggest that seismic node acquisition with ultralong offsets and multiazimuthal illumination and then carefully processing the data is required to accurately reveal the area’s prerift section and basement morphology under study.

Opening the gate to bathers’ rights. Community-led process for the coast as a commons

The research fits within the complex framework regarding the relation between commons and care practices in the contemporary city, intercepting the theme in a peculiar context: that of the coasts. Coasts can be considered a particular form of public good: the beaches are part of the category of maritime property and are identified as a public good of collective belonging. In recent decades, Italy’s failure to conform to the Bolkenstein directive and the lack of national indications regarding minimum percentages of beaches dedicated to free enjoyment, have generated profound social inequalities. Specifically, the contribution explores the Naples coastline: an interesting field of investigation according to its condition of great difficulty in accessing the sea. These dynamics have led to growing community awareness and the denunciation of a management model that has become increasingly exclusionary. Starting from the experience of the appeal process to the Regional Administrative Court presented by Comitato Nazionale Mare Libero for the closure of the gate at the Donn'Anna beach, the contribution reflects on the possible spatial impacts of the committees’ movements to regain the right to the sea and on the possibility of including the coast in the emerging legal category of commons.

Qualitative exploration of 3D printing in Swedish healthcare: perceived effects and barriers

BackgroundThree-dimensional (3D) printing produces objects by adding layers of material rather than mechanically reducing material. This production technology has several advantages and has been used in various medical fields to, for instance, improve the planning of complicated operations, customize medical devices, and enhance medical education. However, few existing studies focus on the adoption and the aspects that could influence or hinder the adoption of 3D printing.ObjectiveTo describe the state of 3D printing in Sweden, explore the perceived effects of using 3D printing, and identify barriers to its adoption.MethodsA qualitative study with respondents from seven life science regions (i.e., healthcare regions with university hospitals) in Sweden. Semi-structured interviews were employed, involving 19 interviews, including one group interview. The respondents were key informants in terms of 3D printing adoption. Data collection occurred between April and May 2022 and then between February and May 2023. Thematic analysis was applied to identify patterns and themes.ResultsAll seven regions in Sweden used 3D printing, but none had an official adoption strategy. The most common applications were surgical planning and guides in clinical areas such as dentistry, orthopedics, and oral and maxillofacial surgery. Perceived effects of 3D printing included improved surgery, innovation, resource efficiency, and educational benefits. Barriers to adoption were categorized into organization, environment, and technology. Organizational barriers, such as high costs and lack of central decisions, were most prominent. Environmental barriers included a complex regulatory framework, uncertainty, and difficulty in interpreting regulations. Technological barriers were less frequent.ConclusionsThe study highlights the widespread use of 3D printing in Swedish healthcare, primarily in surgical planning. Perceived benefits included improved surgical precision, innovation, resource efficiency, and educational enhancements. Barriers, especially organizational and regulatory challenges, play a significant role in hindering widespread adoption. Policymakers need comprehensive guidance on 3D printing adoption, considering the expensive nature of technology investments. Future studies could explore adoption in specific clinical fields and investigate adoption in non-life science regions within and outside Sweden.

The Dual Construction of Symbolic Imagery and Double-voiced Discourse: The Hierarchical Order in A Rose for Emily

Abstract: Social structure and hierarchical order, as the key issues throughout human history, continue to stimulate the academic community to deeply explore the relationship between social form and individual destiny. With its unique artistic perspective, William Faulkner's masterpiece, A Rose for Emily, vividly shows the social landscape of a specific historical period, which has aroused a wide range of academic discussions. This paper focuses on the subtle symbolism in the novel, and at the same time takes the narrative strategy of two-voice discourse as a clue to deeply analyze how the two work together to construct a complex and profound social hierarchy order framework in A Rose for Emily. This analysis not only highlights the diversity and innovation of novel techniques but also reveals the intricate correspondence between them and the background of social reality at that time, providing a new perspective and insight for understanding how literature reflects society and criticizes reality.

Conversations in early childhood education and care centres

Abstract The present study describes the use of recasts by early childhood education and care (ECEC) professionals in five ECEC centres in France, and their effects on children’s language production – particularly on the phonological and morphosyntactic levels. We adopt a multimodal approach, taking into account recasts conveyed by vocal and visual modalities. The ECEC setting offers a complex interaction framework with more multiple and intertwined conversations than dyadic interactions. We aim to answer two questions: to what extent do the recasts of ECEC professionals contribute to the co-construction of meaning and discourse, and how do they constitute favourable contexts for children to experience the situated use of formal and functional linguistic features? Our results, based on 135 interactional sequences and qualitative analysis, show that under certain conditions, recasts are an efficient professional practice for scaffolding language acquisition and for involving children as active participants in dyadic interaction.

Digitalisation in European regions: unravelling the impact of relatedness and complexity on digital technology adoption and productivity growth

ABSTRACT Digital technologies are the cornerstone of platform, knowledge, and network economies, driving the interconnectedness, innovation, and efficiency that define these economic models. Consequently, digitalisation has recently become a key policy objective for regional economies. This paper provides empirical evidence on how the adoption of new digital web technologies is shaped by previous regional digital capabilities. The analysis is based upon an economic complexity and relatedness framework using novel data on digital web technologies’ adoption for 278 European NUTS-2 regions between the years 2000 and 2022. Results show that regions tend to adopt new digital web technologies when they already master related digital capabilities. This paper also shows how digital complexity is associated with labour productivity gains at the regional level. Conclusions shed light on how regions adopt digital web technologies and serve as a tool for policymakers.

Innovative Marine-Sourced Hydroxyapatite, Chitosan, Collagen, and Gelatin for Eco-Friendly Bone and Cartilage Regeneration.

In recent years, the exploration of sustainable alternatives in the field of bone tissue engineering has led researchers to focus on marine waste byproducts as a valuable resource. These marine resources, often overlooked remnants of various industries, exhibit a rich composition of hydroxyapatite, collagen, calcium carbonate, and other minerals essential to the complex framework of bone structure. Marine waste by-products can emit gases such as methane and carbon dioxide, highlighting the urgency to repurpose these materials for innovative tissue regeneration solutions, offering a sustainable approach to address environmental challenges while advancing medical science. Using these discarded materials offers a promising pathway for sustainable development in regenerative medicine. This review investigates the distinctive properties of marine waste byproducts, emphasizing their capacity to be recycled effectively to contribute to the rebuilding of bone and cartilage tissue during regeneration processes. We also highlight the compatibility of these resources with biological materials such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), stem cells, exosomes, and natural bioproducts, as well as nanoparticles (NPs) and polymers. By using the natural potential of these resources, we simultaneously address environmental challenges and promote innovative solutions in skeletal tissue engineering, initiating a new era of environmentally green biomedical research.

Classroom Instruction During Study Abroad: A Comparative Exploration of Chinese Second Language Acquisition

AbstractExploring the underinvestigated area of instruction during study abroad, this article offers a quantitative study of linguistic development among second language university learners of Chinese during a semester in China. A comparison is made between learners following task‐based language teaching and a comparison group following a traditional approach at two proficiency levels. Spoken task data are analyzed within the framework of complexity, accuracy, and fluency. Quantitative findings point to enhanced linguistic development on the various measures used over the course of instruction abroad across the groups irrespective of instructional treatment and proficiency level. However, relative differences between the two groups point to an advantage of task‐based learning in a study‐abroad context. The findings are discussed in relation to the insights they allow into the role of different instructional treatments during study abroad, along with some directions for future research.

Low-resource dynamic loading identification of nonlinear system using pretraining

To address the challenge of load identification in nonlinear systems, an audio neural network-based method called WaveNet is proposed that leverages its capability to capture long-term dependencies in mechanical systems, enabling accurate load identification. Unlike traditional dynamic load identification methods that often encounter difficulties with matrix solutions, this approach takes advantage of WaveNet’s capabilities, enhancing both accuracy and efficiency. We integrate pre-training and transfer learning techniques to address the data scarcity challenges often encountered in real-world engineering applications. By transferring features across distributed datasets, this method reduces the dependency on single-task data, thereby improving model robustness. The performance of the WaveNet method is rigorously evaluated against traditional benchmarks such as Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) benchmarks under random load conditions applied to a complex structural framework. The proposed method achieves a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.521 and a determination coefficient (R²) of 0.996 in the random load case, demonstrating superior accuracy compared to other approaches. Moreover, its applicability is verified through simulations of both impact load and harmonic load scenarios, showcasing the effectiveness of transfer learning in overcoming domain discrepancies. Finally, the method is tested in random experiments to validate its engineering applicability. The results highlight the significant accuracy improvement in low-resource tasks achieved through pre-training, showcasing the potential and value of the proposed method.

Materials Sustainability in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Sustainable materials development is becoming crucial in the pharmaceutical industry due to the significant environmental impacts of medications across their life cycle. While early production stages have seen efforts to minimize these effects, reducing environmental impacts from drug consumption and disposal remains challenging. Growing environmental concerns and regulatory requirements are pressuring the industry to adopt sustainable practices. Material sustainability, which emphasizes responsible resource use and minimal environmental impact, is a key focus. Strategies include green chemistry principles to reduce hazardous substances and waste during drug development and manufacturing. Additionally, biodegradable materials and eco-friendly packaging designs are gaining traction to lessen landfill and ecosystem impacts. Despite progress, challenges such as complex regulatory frameworks and the need for stakeholder collaboration persist. This review examines materials sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry, highlighting its shift toward environmentally responsible practices driven by innovation and regulation. It investigates current environmental initiatives, perspectives, and strategies to address environmental challenges. Achieving sustainability requires a holistic, integrated approach involving all aspects of the business, from supply chain management to product development. By prioritizing sustainability, the pharmaceutical industry can contribute to global climate goals, ensuring its resilience and long-term success.

Relationships between microbial characteristics and the arsenic cycle in high-arsenic groundwater

Abstract Microbial activities play a pivotal role in the migration and transformation of arsenic (As) within groundwater systems, particularly at high concentrations. Focusing on the Kuitun River Basin, this study used high-throughput sequencing to unravel the intricate diversity of microbial communities and their influence on As enrichment. Groundwater with elevated As hosted richer and more diverse microbial populations compared to that with lower As levels. The Sobs and Shannon diversity indices for the high-As group initially declined before rising with increasing As concentrations. Key microbial taxa dominating these ecosystems included Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Aquabacterium, Novosphingobium, and Sphingobium, with Pseudomonas showing substantial variation in abundance across different As concentrations. Distance-based redundancy analysis emphasized the importance of dissolved oxygen in shaping the microbial landscape, followed closely by the interplay between iron and As concentrations. Flavobacteriaceae and Burkholderiaceae displayed inverse correlations with As levels, highlighting the multifaceted relationship between microbial communities and groundwater chemistry. This investigation underscores the profound impact of As concentration gradients on microbial biodiversity and elucidates a complex regulatory framework where environmental parameters and microorganisms collaborate in governing As accumulation in groundwater. The results enrich our understanding of the biogeochemical dynamics underlying arsenic behavior in subterranean aquatic habitats.

New Trends in the Procurement and Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Based on the presented classification of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the specifics of their use in modern conflicts are examined. The main trends in the procurement of UAVs are analyzed. It is indicated that the use of UAVs in combat is not limited to the functions of reconnaissance, target designation and strikes, as well as the detection and destruction of terrorist groups, as was the case in Afghanistan and Iraq conflicts. Thе UAVs are increasingly used within the framework of reconnaissance and strike complexes on the battlefield. The RD and production of small and mini-drones, as well as of unmanned aerial vehicles capable of remaining invulnerable to air defense systems, are actively developing. Other modern technologies of unmanned systems are being advanced. Due to the fact that in recent years the trend of massive use of small and mini-UAVs in conflicts has prevailed, supplies to the armed forces of various countries of heavy and a number of medium (tactical) high-altitude and medium-altitude drones are decreasing, while the purchases of small drones, as well as light civilian UAVs with reconfigured software, are increasing.

Complex system modelling reveals oxalate homeostasis is driven by diverse oxalate-degrading bacteria.

Decades of research have made clear that host-associated microbiomes touch all facets of health. However, effective therapies that target the microbiome have been elusive given its inherent complexity. Here, we experimentally examined diet-microbe-host interactions through a complex systems framework, centered on dietary oxalate. Using multiple, independent molecular, animal, and in vitro experimental models, we found that microbiome composition influenced multiple oxalate-microbe-host interfaces. Importantly, administration of the oxalate-degrading specialist, Oxalobacter formigenes, was only effective against a poor oxalate-degrading microbiota background and gives critical new insights into why clinical intervention trials with this species exhibit variable outcomes. Data suggest that, while heterogeneity in the microbiome impacts multiple diet-host-microbe interfaces, metabolic redundancy among diverse microorganisms in specific diet-microbe axes is a critical variable that may impact the efficacy of bacteriotherapies, which can help guide patient and probiotic selection criteria in probiotic clinical trials.

Reorganisation of the emergency network in the province of Verona

Abstract Background In recent years, in the provincial context of Verona, has been perceived an increasing pressure on the Emergency Room (ER). There was therefore a need to identify possible actions to optimize the emergency network. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the first corrective measure implemented: the redistribution of the municipalities’ afferences. Methods Data on the actual number of beds in each facility and on the emergency equipment were obtained from the various medical directions. Once the population/bed index had been calculated, it was adjusted according to the characteristics of the various facilities. Based on these data, the redistribution of afferences was carried out. The period monitored in the study covers the first three months after the reorganisation (January 2024) in comparison with the same period in 2023. The data collected were used to calculate both activity indicators for the PS and the Urgent Emergency Medical Service (UEMS). Results With a stable number of calls recorded in the two periods examined (20,366 in 2023 and 20,255 in 2024), with regard to the locations affected by the redistribution of municipalities, there is a decrease in the number of ambulance calls in San Bonifacio (-7.5%) and Villafranca (-16.2%) and an increase in Peschiera (+13.6%) and Negrar (+16.5%) compared to the quarter of the year 2023. There is no significant increase in Borgo Roma. Conclusions The organizational structure of the emergency services in the province of Verona is part of a highly complex framework. In any case, this first change has proved to be effective in addressing some of the factors influencing the contribution of the ER, but the overall impact and extent of the change will have to be studied in depth in order to optimize the network as much as possible. Key messages • The reorganisation of such a complex area is a very difficult challenge, but the path we are taking seems to be the right one. • It will also be necessary to act at the level of the internal processes of each ER in order to successfully complete the reorganization.