Complex Area Of Research Research Articles

CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TOPHRASEOLOGICAL STUDIES

This article explores the directions of phraseological research in domestic linguistics. The aim of the study is to analyze phraseology from the perspectives of comparative and translational studies, highlight complex research areas, and address unresolved significant issues.The relevance of the research is underscored by the detailed studies conducted in domestic linguistics concerning the composition, structure, and meanings of idioms, evidenced by numerous defended dissertations and published scholarly articles. Despite these efforts, it is premature to claim that all aspects of domestic phraseology have been thoroughly examined. Notably, the comparison and translation of idioms remain prevalent topics. Consequently, this article concentrates on the critical and pertinent issue of the extent of idiom research within comparative and translational studies. The methodologies employed include descriptive and comparative approaches, alongside methods of collection, systematization, and analysis.The research findings specify the directions and characteristics of phraseological research in domestic linguistics and identify key areas requiring further investigation. The scarcity of comparative and translational studies was confirmed, and it was established that set expressions frequently pose challenges during translation, often being translated inaccurately, as evidenced by linguistic data.The theoretical significance of this research lies in its contribution to the field of theoretical phraseologywithin domestic linguistics. From a practical standpoint, the findings may be applied in teaching subjects such as phraseology, comparative phraseology, phraseological aspects of translation, and literary translation.

Enhancing immunotherapy outcomes by targeted remodeling of the tumor microenvironment via combined cGAS-STING pathway strategies.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a groundbreaking advance in the treatment of malignancies such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer, showcasing substantial therapeutic benefits. Nonetheless, the efficacy of ICIs is limited to a small subset of patients, primarily benefiting those with "hot" tumors characterized by significant immune infiltration. The challenge of converting "cold" tumors, which exhibit minimal immune activity, into "hot" tumors to enhance their responsiveness to ICIs is a critical and complex area of current research. Central to this endeavor is the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, a pivotal nexus between innate and adaptive immunity. This pathway's activation promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN) and the recruitment of CD8+ T cells, thereby transforming the tumor microenvironment (TME) from "cold" to "hot". This review comprehensively explores the cGAS-STING pathway's role in reconditioning the TME, detailing the underlying mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity and highlighting the contributions of various immune cells to tumor immunity. Furthermore, we delve into the latest clinical research on STING agonists and their potential in combination therapies, targeting this pathway. The discussion concludes with an examination of the challenges facing the advancement of promising STING agonists in clinical trials and the pressing issues within the cGAS-STING signaling pathway research.

Extending the Potency and Lifespan of Antibiotics: Inhibitors of Gram-Negative Bacterial Efflux Pumps.

Efflux is a natural process found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that removes a diverse range of substrates from inside to outside. Many antibiotics are substrates of bacterial efflux pumps, and modifications to the structure or overexpression of efflux pumps are an important resistance mechanism utilized by many multidrug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, chemical inhibition of bacterial efflux to revitalize existing antibiotics has been considered a promising approach for antimicrobial chemotherapy over two decades, and various strategies have been employed. In this review, we provide an overview of bacterial multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps, of which the resistance nodulation division (RND) efflux pumps are considered the most clinically relevant in Gram-negative bacteria, and describe over 50 efflux inhibitors that target such systems. Although numerous efflux inhibitors have been identified to date, none have progressed into clinical use because of formulation, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic issues or a narrow spectrum of inhibition. For these reasons, the development of efflux inhibitors has been considered a difficult and complex area of research, and few active preclinical studies on efflux inhibitors are in progress. However, recently developed tools, including but not limited to computational tools including molecular docking models, offer hope that further research on efflux inhibitors can be a platform for research and development of new bacterial efflux inhibitors.

Система автономного управления дорожно-строительной машиной

The increasing requirements for the accuracy of construction work lead to the need to create modern control systems that will eliminate the human operator from the process of controlling road construction machines, increase the energy efficiency and productivity of these machines, as well as the quality of the finished construction object. The use of unmanned control systems has become an absolute technological break-through. Improving the accuracy of work with the help of unmanned control systems is an urgent and complex area of research. This is due to the need to improve algorithms and improve sensors to more accurately de-termine the coordinates of the machine and make decisions. Only by possessing high accuracy, modern unmanned vehicles are able to minimize errors in construction work and associated safety risks. To do this, it is necessary to provide the ability to recognize and analyze various factors, such as moving objects, weather conditions, terrain, etc. The article presents the results of a functional analysis of a number of road construction machines, defines the range of tasks that a modern unmanned control system should solve, describes a possible implementation option for such a system, and shows the differences in flowcharts of working processes of construction machines both without automatic control systems and equipped with standard and developed automatic control systems.

Book Description: Emerging Issues in Terrorism Studies

Ahmet Demirden, Emerging Issues in Terrorism Studies, Anka- ra, Nobel, 2023, ISBN: 978-625-393-194-0
 This book can be described as an exploratory attempt to systematically examine some of the current issues in terrorism studies. The authors strived to demonstrate that such complex research areas as terrorism studies calls for an interdisciplinary approach, for instance, including the perspectives of political science, social psychology, and international relationships. The topics in this book were selected in line with the research interests of the contributing authors.

The development of a core outcome set for studies of pregnant women with multimorbidity

BackgroundHeterogeneity in reported outcomes can limit the synthesis of research evidence. A core outcome set informs what outcomes are important and should be measured as a minimum in all future studies. We report the development of a core outcome set applicable to observational and interventional studies of pregnant women with multimorbidity.MethodsWe developed the core outcome set in four stages: (i) a systematic literature search, (ii) three focus groups with UK stakeholders, (iii) two rounds of Delphi surveys with international stakeholders and (iv) two international virtual consensus meetings. Stakeholders included women with multimorbidity and experience of pregnancy in the last 5 years, or are planning a pregnancy, their partners, health or social care professionals and researchers. Study adverts were shared through stakeholder charities and organisations.ResultsTwenty-six studies were included in the systematic literature search (2017 to 2021) reporting 185 outcomes. Thematic analysis of the focus groups added a further 28 outcomes. Two hundred and nine stakeholders completed the first Delphi survey. One hundred and sixteen stakeholders completed the second Delphi survey where 45 outcomes reached Consensus In (≥70% of all participants rating an outcome as Critically Important). Thirteen stakeholders reviewed 15 Borderline outcomes in the first consensus meeting and included seven additional outcomes. Seventeen stakeholders reviewed these 52 outcomes in a second consensus meeting, the threshold was ≥80% of all participants voting for inclusion. The final core outcome set included 11 outcomes. The five maternal outcomes were as follows: maternal death, severe maternal morbidity, change in existing long-term conditions (physical and mental), quality and experience of care and development of new mental health conditions. The six child outcomes were as follows: survival of baby, gestational age at birth, neurodevelopmental conditions/impairment, quality of life, birth weight and separation of baby from mother for health care needs.ConclusionsMultimorbidity in pregnancy is a new and complex clinical research area. Following a rigorous process, this complexity was meaningfully reduced to a core outcome set that balances the views of a diverse stakeholder group.

Descripción de un método de cuantificación diferente para la carga de amiloide (DPDload) y validación de SPECT/TC en amiloidosis cardíaca

BackgroundBone tracers such as [99mTc]Tc-DPD have shown high sensitivity and specificity in the non-invasive diagnosis of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-AC). This study aims to validate SPECT/CT and assess the usefulness of uptake quantification (burdenDPD) in the myocardial tissue as potential information on the amyloid burden. MethodsIn a retrospective analysis of 46 patients with suspected CA, 23 cases with ATTR-AC had two quantification methods conducted to estimate amyloid burden (burdenDPD) through planar scintigraphic scans and a SPECT/CT. ResultsSPECT/CT significantly provided an added value in the patient's diagnosis with CA (P<.05). The estimation of the amyloid burden substantiated that the most affected wall of the LV is the interventricular septum in most cases and the existence of a significant relationship between the Perugini score uptake and the burdenDPD. ConclusionsWe validate the need for SPECT/CT to complement planar imaging in diagnosing ATTR-AC. For its part, quantifying the amyloid load continues to be a complex area of research. It requires further studies with a larger number of patients to validate a standardized method of amyloid load quantification, both for diagnosis and treatment monitoring.

Liquid consumption and Islam: The Continual Drift Adjustment (CDA) framework

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the tendencies of liquid consumption in Muslim communities and analyse its impact on Muslims’ consumption practices from the holistic perspective. Liquid consumption refers to a transient and less-materialised mode of consumption that requires both minimal attachment to possessions and hybrid ownership.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper that is based on the distinction between Islam as a holistic perspective and Islamic practice as it is applied in different contexts and situations. The Continual Drift Adjustment (CDA) framework of Muslim consumers’ behaviour is developed to be deployed as an analysis framework.FindingsThe CDA framework maintains that some problematic cases of Muslim consumption behaviours indicate the drift towards disbalance. Depending on their nature, liquid consumption practices can have different impacts on the drift. Liquid consumption practices underscored by instrumental dissemblance, intellectual insecurity and spiritual scepticism intensify the drift, whereas the incorporation of spiritual sincerity, faithful submission and existential gratefulness into practices and behaviour helps to attenuate the drift.Research limitations/implicationsThis research contributes to the theory of liquid consumption by incorporating the religious perspective. Liquid consumption in Islam is a complex area of research, specifically considering the ambivalent meanings of liquidity in Islamic thought.Practical implicationsMarketers of liquid consumption solutions must be aware of these offerings’ double-edged impact on the well-being of Muslim communities. Muslim consumers should be guided towards spiritual sincerity, faithful submission and existential gratefulness in the best way possible, although it must be noted that the customary techniques of marketing would lean towards stimulating the disbalance.Originality/valueThis research is unique because it deals with a topic that has not been researched in the Islamic marketing discipline to this date.

The Contribution of Theoretical Prediction Studies to the Antioxidant Activity Assessment of the Bioactive Secoiridoids Encountered in Olive Tree Products and By-Products.

Assessment of the antioxidant activity of different types of natural compounds is a complex research area that encompasses various in vitro tests and in vivo studies. Sophisticated modern analytical tools permit the unambiguous characterization of the compounds present in a matrix. The contemporary researcher, knowing the chemical structure of the compounds present, can carry out quantum chemical calculations that provide important physicochemical information assisting the prediction of antioxidant potential and the mechanism behind the activity of target compounds before further experimentation. The efficiency of calculations is steadily improved due to the rapid evolution of both hardware and software. It is possible, consequently, to study compounds of medium or even larger size, incorporating also models that simulate the liquid phase (solution). This review contributes to the establishment of theoretical calculations as an inherent part of the antioxidant activity assessment process, having as a case study the complex mixtures of olive bioactive secoiridoids (oleuropein, ligstroside, and related compounds). The literature indicates great variability in theoretical approaches and models used so far for only a limited number of this group of phenolic compounds. Proposals are made for standardization of methodology (reference compounds, DFT functional, basis set size, and solvation model) to facilitate comparisons and communication of findings.

Description of a different quantification method for amyloid burden (DPDload) and validation of SPECT/CT in cardiac amyloidosis

BackgroundBone tracers such as 99mTc-DPD have shown high sensitivity and specificity in the non-invasive diagnosis of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA). This study aims to validate SPECT/CT and assess the usefulness of uptake quantification (DPDload) in the myocardial tissue as potential information on the amyloid burden. MethodsIn a retrospective analysis of 46 patients with suspected CA, 23 cases with ATTR-CA had two quantification methods conducted to estimate amyloid burden (DPDload) through planar scintigraphic scans and a SPECT/CT. ResultsSPECT/CT significantly provided an added value in the patient’s diagnosis with CA (P<.05). The estimation of the amyloid burden substantiated that the most affected wall of the LV is the interventricular septum in most cases and the existence of a significant relationship between the Perugini score uptake and the DPDload. ConclusionsWe validate the need for SPECT/CT to complement planar imaging in diagnosing ATTR-CA. For its part, quantifying the amyloid load continues to be a complex area of research. It requires further studies with a larger number of patients to validate a standardized method of amyloid load quantification, both for diagnosis and treatment monitoring.

Illicit activity and scarce natural resources in the supply chain: A literature review, framework, and research agenda

AbstractThis article reviews extant multidisciplinary literature to uncover existing themes and directions in the knowledge of the overlap between natural resource scarcity and illicit supply chain activity. In doing so, the authors present a novel review of this nascent, complex, and multidisciplinary research area. This review has uncovered 127 articles that have not been synthesized or organized in a meaningful way with the supply chain literature. It extracts insights and develops a comprehensive process framework encompassing the following: (a) antecedents associated with natural resource extraction, which foments the opportunity for illicit activity to thrive; (b) resulting economic, social, and environmental outcomes from illicit activity as it relates to natural resource extraction; and (c) potential moderating processes, which either enable or inhibit illicit activity to occur, including firm‐level tactics that businesses can employ to counteract illicit activity throughout the supply chain and to promote sustainable long‐term operations. An extensive agenda is presented suggesting future research paths, methodologies, theories, and potential contributions.

An experimental study of friction stir welding parameters effect on joint properties of aluminium alloy and copper plate

Joining dissimilar metals like copper and aluminium is a complex area of research for the manufacturing industry. To effectively join the AA7075 with copper plates, an experimental investigation on friction stir welding was carried out. A straight cylindrical pin profile tool of H13 tool steel was chosen for this study. On the advancing direction, the AA7075 plates were fixed under the condition of zero tool offset. The tool was positioned at a 2° tilt angle for the entire experiment. Tensile test, microhardness test, SEM and EDS analysis were completed to investigate the effectiveness of the process parameters (tool traverse and rotational speed) in combination with a modified set-up on the microstructure, tensile strength and microhardness of the joint. Fractography was conducted on fractured specimens to identify the mode of failure. Complex microstructures of swirl and vortex-type material flow patterns were created in the stir zone. As a result of SEM analysis, one of the samples (S5) had finer grains at intermediate heat input, which produced excellent microhardness and tensile strength. Fractography identified ductile failure as the predominant mode of failure in the joints. The results of this study include an ultimate tensile strength value of 221.091 MPa with a joint efficiency of 95.05%, yield strength of 159.035 MPa, maximum elongation of 9.335% and a microhardness value of 271 HV for specimen welded at a traverse speed of 60 mm min−1 and a rotational speed of 1400 rpm.

Psychological Aspects of Using Digital Devices for the Development of Older Preschoolers with Signs of Giftedness

Revealing children’s abilities and talents in the context of digitalization is one of the urgent problems of modern psychology. The first signs of giftedness may appear early, already at the stage of preschool childhood, when its development largely depends on the conditions of the microenvironment, especially in the family. Digitalization processes set a new direction for the development of the system of family education and training of preschoolers, causing the emergence of both new opportunities and new risks in discovering children’s talents. This is a complex area of scientific research, which still remains little explored. The study was aimed at identifying the psychological characteristics of using digital devices (tablets/computers) as components of a family educational microenvironment for the development of older preschoolers with signs of general giftedness. In accordance with the conceptual provisions put forward by A.M. Matyushkin, giftedness was considered as a prerequisite for the development of a creative personality. The study involved 200 children of senior preschool age (Mage = 6.7, SD = 0.307, including 98 boys) and their parents (mostly mothers - 166). The method for diagnosing intellectual abilities (MEDIA) was used. Intellectual and creative activity as well as creative thinking of the children was studied during a diagnostic game lesson using structured observation and expert assessments. The parents of the preschoolers were surveyed using a specially designed questionnaire containing questions about the use of a tablet/computer (frequency, time, programs/games) at home for the development their children as well as questions about their interests and hobbies. The use of diagnostic techniques made it possible to single out a group (N = 24) of children with signs of giftedness among the preschoolers as well as a group of their peers for subsequent comparative analysis (their intellectual and creative abilities were less pronounced). It was found that almost all the children with signs of giftedness (95.8%), like their peers, had experience of using a tablet/computer at home for developmental purposes. The frequency of using digital devices by the preschoolers with signs of giftedness was less than that of their peers. With the observed variety of developing computer programs/games used, their total number was less in the group of the gifted preschoolers compared to the group of their peers. Partial correspondence of digital content to the interests and hobbies of the children was revealed. Most often, when choosing computer programs/games for them, their parents pursued the goal of preparing them for school. It was recognized as necessary to provide psychological assistance to the parents of the preschoolers in solving the issues of using digital devices to develop children’s abilities and talents. The results of the study can be used to develop practical recommendations based on an integrated approach to the disclosure of giftedness at the stage of preschool childhood, taking into account the digitalization of the family microenvironment.

Interfacial Dynamics of Adsorption Layers as Supports for Biomedical Research and Diagnostics

The input of chemical and physical sciences to life sciences is increasingly important. Surface science as a complex multidisciplinary research area provides many relevant practical tools to support research in medicine. The tensiometry and surface rheology of human biological liquids as diagnostic tools have been very successfully applied. Additionally, for the characterization of pulmonary surfactants, this methodology is essential to deepen the insights into the functionality of the lungs and for the most efficient administration of certain drugs. Problems in ophthalmology can be addressed using surface science methods, such as the stability of the wetting films and the development of artificial tears. The serious problem of obesity is fast-developing in many industrial countries and must be better understood, while therapies for its treatment must also be developed. Finally, the application of fullerenes as a suitable system for detecting cancer in humans is discussed.

Privacy-Preserving Deep Learning With Homomorphic Encryption: An Introduction

Privacy-preserving deep learning with homomorphic encryption (HE) is a novel and promising research area aimed at designing deep learning solutions that operate while guaranteeing the privacy of user data. Designing privacy-preserving deep learning solutions requires one to completely rethink and redesign deep learning models and algorithms to match the severe technological and algorithmic constraints of HE. This paper provides an introduction to this complex research area as well as a methodology for designing privacy-preserving convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This methodology was applied to the design of a privacy-preserving version of the well-known LeNet-1 CNN, which was successfully operated on two benchmark datasets for image classification. Furthermore, this paper details and comments on the research challenges and software resources available for privacy-preserving deep learning with HE.

You Eat How You Think: A Review on the Impact of Cognitive Styles on Food Perception and Behavior.

Sensory perception is understood to be a complex area of research that requires investigations from a variety of different perspectives. Although researchers have tried to better understand consumers’ perception of food, one area that has been minimally explored is how psychological cognitive theories can help them explain consumer perceptions, behaviors, and decisions in food-related experiences. The concept of cognitive styles has existed for nearly a century, with the majority of cognitive style theories existing along a continuum with two bookends. Some of the more common theories such as individualist-collectivist, left-brain-right-brain, and convergent-divergent theories each offered their own unique insight into better understanding consumer behavior. However, these theories often focused only on niche applications or on specific aspects of cognition. More recently, the analytic-holistic cognitive style theory was developed to encompass many of these prior theoretical components and apply them to more general cognitive tendencies of individuals. Through applying the analytic-holistic theory and focusing on modern cultural psychology work, this review may allow researchers to be able to answer one of the paramount questions of sensory and consumer sciences: how and why do consumers perceive and respond to food stimuli the way that they do?

The Importance of Corporate Culture for the Sustainability of Companies in the Context of Crisis Phenomena

Purpose: the purpose of the article is to study the role of corporate culture in the sustainability of companies in the conditions of crisis phenomena, as well as to analyze methodological approaches to corporate culture as a tool for the competitive success of the company.Methods: the methodology of the work is based on the use of the concepts of organizational culture and sustainable development, as well as the theory of modernization, integrating economic growth and the culture of companies within a single process of sustainable development. A group of scientific methods has been applied, including: inductive-deductive method, method of comparative analysis and retrospective method, method of expert analysis, rating assessment and others.Results: the analysis of the role of corporate culture in the conditions of crisis phenomena caused by the instability of the external environment is carried out. It is noted that the influence of corporate culture on the stable development of companies can have a dual character: a strong corporate culture has a stimulating effect on the economic growth of the company, and its weakness becomes an obstacle to sustainable development. The analysis of methodological approaches to corporate culture, which is considered as a tool for competitive success and sustainable development of the company, is carried out. Modern aspects of the formation of new behavioral models and tools for their introduction into corporate culture are revealed in order to maximize the compliance of companies with the conditions of extreme instability of the external environment.Conclusions and Relevance: the phenomenon of corporate culture is a rather complex area of research – this follows from the interpretation of this concept, the definition of the methodology of formation and the search for tools for its development. But it becomes obvious that the growth of knowledge about corporate culture, produced in the academic environment and highly demanded by the management of companies, has had a significant impact on managerial thinking and management practice. This is due to the understanding of the high role of corporate culture in the processes of internal integration and adaptation of the company to the external environment, in achieving competitive success and strategic development goals, which creates the basis for sustainable development of the economic system.

Функциональная и клиническая морфология пространств Вирхова-Робина: от первоисточника до новейших теорий

Morphology of cerebrospinal fluid flow structures in CNS is an important and complex area of research and is associated with the problems of metabolites transport, including pathological ones in neurodegenerative pathology, e.g., Alzheimer's disease. Since Virchow and Robin first described the perivascular spaces in the 19th century, their role in the transport of cerebrospinal fluid and intracerebral metabolites has been established. On the grounds of the 20th century studies, a modern theory of intracerebral liquor transport of metabolites, the glymphatic system theory, has emerged, creating the basis for new areas of treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The article presents an overview of the history of description and study of CNS perivascular transport pathways, terminology issues and clinical problems such as amyloid transport and its disruption as a mechanism of Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma. We present our own descriptive data on the morphology of the perivascular spaces (PVS) of the rat brain in normal and simulated glaucoma-like increases in intraocular pressure. Structures corresponding to perivascular spaces (PVS) in their original description are present in the rat brain along arteries and arterioles. They are represented by intervals between the medium and adventitia, in the adventitia, and between the adventitia and the inner pial fibrous layers. At the level of capillaries they are closed. In the venous link there are only paravenular spaces between the vascular wall and glial boundary membrane. Periarterial-like leptomeningeal structures and spaces are absent. In glaucoma-like experimental increase in intraocular pressure, the periarterial spaces respond with expansion, and in addition to them, intermyocyte spaces are formed in the medium On the basis of glymphatic theory we propose the possibility of regulation of intracerebral metabolic transport and hydrodynamic system”eye - optic nerve -brain” via vascular mechanisms of perivascular transport.

Health, illness and neoliberalism: an example of critical realism as a research resource

ABSTRACT Neoliberalism, health and illness are all vast topics that range from global to local, personal to political. Critical realism offers valuable concepts, which help to extend and deepen analysis of these large, complex research areas. These include attending to unseen causal influences, absence, values, power, interests, structure and agency and morphogenesis. The four planes, which connect all interrelating forms of social being, provide a framework for managing large, wide-ranging and inter-disciplinary research data and for contextualizing small studies. Critical realism is contrasted with paradigms such as positivism, realist evaluation and actor network theory. This paper is based on a 20-hour generic course about critical realism for doctoral students, initiated by Roy Bhaskar. It uses the example of neoliberalism, health and illness to illustrate how useful critical realism can be as a research resource. The paper is also about the importance of understanding contemporary health in the context of neoliberalism.

Multicriteria decision-making method for scheduling problem based on smart batches and their quality prediction capability

The scheduling problem in manufacturing companies with high rework rates remains a complex research area to date. This paper presents a new approach for manufacturing scheduling that combines a predictive schedule with a proactive multicriteria decision-making method based on smart batches and their quality prediction capability. Each batch embeds an algorithm that allows it to predict its quality out of the next workstation. As soon as a batch determines that its process is too hazardous, a collaborative rescheduling decision, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), is initiated with its peer. This article details the proposed approach along with the AHP structure and presents the considered decision problem. A simulation model inspired by a lacquering-robot case study is described to validate this proposition. Then, the results of different scenarios are presented and discussed, highlighting the impact of social myopia on smart batches.