Completeness Of Student Learning Outcomes Research Articles

APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY BASED EXPERIMENTAL METHODS TO IMPROVE LEARNING OUTCOMES IN ACID-BASE SOLUTION

Based on the data obtained, the chemistry learning process still uses lecture and question-and-answer methods. Because of that the students are less active and the learning atmosphere is less enjoyable. It showed that there are still many students who are not happy when starting to learn. Students play around in learning activities; they experience difficulties and obstacles in learning, and do not understand the material presented by the teacher. The aim of this research was to determine whether environmental-based experimental methods can improve student learning outcomes in acid-based solution material in class VII of SMPN.2 Alafan, Simeulue Regency. This research method is descriptive-qualitative, which uses direct observation data on the classroom learning process. The research subjects were 19 students, consisting of 9 males and 10 females. The test was given in the form of multiple-choice questions with 20 questions. The research results showed that the completeness of student learning outcomes was 94.74%. This shows the results of learning using environmental-based experimental methods, especially on acid-based solution material.

PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA TENTANG MEMBEDAKAN ZAT TUNGGAL DAN CAMPURAN MELALUI MODEL STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMNT DIVISION KELAS IV SD KUPANG

This research aims to improve student learning outcomes in class V science subjects through the application of the STAD learning model. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) or Classroom Action Research (PTK) using the STAD learning model which is carried out in 2 cycles. One cycle consists of four stages, namely: planning, implementation, observation and reflection. This research was conducted at SDI Fatufeto 1 Kupang City. The research subjects were class V students of SDI Fatufeto 1 Kupang City for the 2022/2023 academic year, consisting of 24 students. The action taken is to apply the STAD learning model. Data collection techniques include observation, tests and documentation. The results of this research show that learning on theme 9 subtheme 1 learning 2 using the STAD learning model can improve the learning outcomes of SDI Fatufeto 1 class students in Kupang City. In cycle I, the criteria were Poor (K) with a percentage of completeness of student learning outcomes obtained at 37.5%, while student learning outcomes in cycle II received good criteria (B) with a percentage of completeness obtained at 95.84%. Meanwhile, data from student observations in cycle I, students obtained a total score of 955.50 with an average score of 72.50 and received adequate criteria (C), while in cycle II the student activity score increased to 1,142.50 with an average score 88.75 and received very good criteria (SB).

Meningkatkan kemampuan sepak sila melalui metode latihan berpasangan pada permainan sepak takraw

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of the skills of Silat in the game of sepak takraw for class VII students of MTs.AL-QASHASH TOBEA through the pair training method. Seeing that there are still many students who are less interested so that they are less serious in takraw learning activities, this causes the results of the ability of Sila Sila to not be optimal in the game of takraw. The data collection technique used in this study was the teacher's activity observation and student activity observation sheets as well as student skills tests. This research uses classroom action research (CAR). This research was conducted in 2 cycles and student evaluation tests were conducted at the end of each cycle. The results of the percentage of observations of student activity in the first cycle were the completeness of student learning outcomes in each cycle an average of 41.3% from the cognitive aspect, 58.6% from the affective aspect and 44.8% from the psychomotor aspect. in the first cycle and the second cycle of completeness of student learning outcomes in each cycle the average cognitive aspect is 93.1%, the affective aspect is 89.6% and the psychomotor aspect is 93.1%. The results of this study stated that the application of the pair training method could improve the learning outcomes of Sila Sila and was able to foster excitement and motivate students in learning.

Application of Kahoot Game Application Based Assessment in Class Discussion Learning Model Action to Improve Students' Arabic Learning Outcomes

The more advanced the times, the more sophisticated the development of technology. No exception to the technology that should be utilized as much as possible by educators in teaching and learning activities in the classroom. possible by educators in teaching and learning activities in the classroom. One of them is of which is that educators can apply the Kahoot application as an assessment tool for learning in the classroom as an effort to create a learning atmosphere so that learning in the classroom as an effort to create a conducive learning atmosphere and conducive and save time in the process of assessing student learning outcomes.This research aims to overcome the problems that occur in the classroom during teaching and learning activities. classroom when teaching and learning activities take place as an action taken to improve students' learning outcomes. to improve the learning outcomes of Arabic language of class X students by applying Kahoot game-based assessment in the action model. Kahoot game-based assessment in the action of Class Discussion learning model. This research uses the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method which was implemented in SMA Muhammadiyah 25 Setiabudi Pamulang, South Tangerang. This research was conducted in two cycles. First, the pre-cycle stage and cycle 1 in its implementation using the Classroom Discussion learning model which learning model consisting of 5 phases (Clarifying the purpose and estabilishing the set, Focusing the Discussion, Controlling the Discussion, Ending the Discussion). Discussion, Controlling Discussion, Ending Discussion, Debriefing)The results of the study found that students' Arabic language learning outcomes The pre-cycle stage to the cycle 1 stage. the completeness of student learning outcomes only reached 47% while the cycle 1 stage the completeness of student learning outcomes has increased. Motivation of students to learn and foster the spirit of challenged students to participate in classroom learning activities

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN READ-ANSWER-DISCUSS-EXPLAIN-CREATE (RADEC) PADA MATERI LARUTAN PENYANGGA DI SMAS INSHAFUDDIN BANDA ACEH

This study titled "Application of Read-Answer-Discuss-Explain-Create (RADEC) Model on Buffer Solution Material at SMAS Inshafuddin Banda Aceh " aims to explain activities, analyze learning results, and describe student responses. This qualitative descriptive study was carried out at SMAS Inshafuddin, with 20 participants chosen through purposive sampling from class XI IPA 1. Observing activities, learning outcome exams, and student response questionnaires on the RADEC learning model were used to collect data. The data analysis technique for student activities was collected by giving observers observation sheets, learning outcomes were obtained by giving them multiple-choice questions, and student responses were obtained by giving them a questionnaire. Data analysis revealed that student actions in the first meeting were 78.8% in the good category, 85.98% in the good category in the second meeting, and 92.86% in the very good category in the third meeting. In the good group, the completeness of student learning outcomes was 77.8%. The very good category received 92.25% of the student responses. Based on the study's findings, it is possible to infer that student activities have improved, student learning outcomes have been completed, and students have responded well to the introduction of the RADEC learning model.

The Use of Web Learning Media and Entrepreneurship Education E-books

The era of digitalization 4.0 has entered into all fields including education. The need for digitalization learning needs to be familiarized by all circles. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness, response and influence of web learning media and educational e-books on entrepreneurship courses. The research method used is quantitative research with experimental research designs. The population is Tadris Mathematics student VII semester IAIN Sheikh Nurjati Cirebon in the academic year 2019/2020. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, where students were taking entrepreneurship courses. Analysis of the data used is the z test and regression test and descriptive analysis. Based on the results of research that the application of web media and e- book entrepreneurship is effective in learning entrepreneurship courses in terms of completeness of student learning outcomes. Student responses to web learning media and e-books are quite good. And the influence of web media and e-books by 67.4% on the achievement of learning outcomes in entrepreneurship courses.

PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PROBLEM POSING PADA SISWA KELAS V SD

This research started with the problem of teachers rarely asking questions, lack of activity in learning, students rarely asking opinions and students rarely asking questions in learning. This results in low student activity and learning outcomes. This research is classroom action research with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The research subjects were 35 class V students at SDN 105/II Rambah. In its implementation, this research consists of two cycles, each cycle consisting of planning activities, implementing actions accompanied by observation and reflection in each cycle. The results of this research can be seen from the students' visual, oral and mental activities. In cycle I the results of this research were focused on activities, namely (1) making experiments/questions (2) asking and answering questions (3) discussing (4) expressing opinions (5) solving problems, obtained an average in cycle I of 91%. Meanwhile, in cycle II, meeting I averaged 97.6% and meeting II 98%. This can also be seen in the completeness of student learning outcomes in cycle I, namely 20 students (57%) who completed, and 15 students (43%) who did not complete. Meanwhile, in cycle II student learning outcomes increased, namely 30 students (85%) who completed, and 5 students (15%) who did not complete. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the Problem Posing model can improve student activity and learning outcomes in class V.

Implementation of the Bomb Snakes and Ladders Game Based on the ECOLA Learning Model to Improve Reading Skills in Elementary Schools

In PISA in 2018, Indonesia was ranked 74th out of 80 countries. In the reading ability category, Indonesia obtained an average score of 371, which is below the OECD average score of 489. In fact, literacy is an initial ability that every individual must have to live life in the future. Schools are responsible for creating a reading culture for students. This is a challenge for teachers to help increase students' reading motivation. This classroom action research aims to improve the reading skills of grade 5 elementary school students by implementing the ECOLA learning model based on the bomb snakes and ladders game. This research is a type of classroom action research (PTK) using two cycles. The design used in the research is the Kemmis and Mc Spiral model. Taggart was developed by Stephen Kemmis and Robin Mc Taggart in 1988. In one cycle there are four components including planning, action, observation and reflection in a spiral that are interconnected with each other. The subjects of this research were 24 grade 5 elementary school students consisting of 15 boys and 9 girls. Based on research that has been conducted, the use of the ECOLA learning model based on the bomb snakes and ladders game media can improve students' ability in reading skills. This is proven by an increase in the percentage of completeness of student learning outcomes from cycle I and cycle II learning.

Efforts to Improve History Learning Outcomes by Using Creative and Productive Learning Models

Purpose of the study: The aim of this research is to determine students' history learning outcomes by applying creative and productive learning models.
 Methodology: This research is classroom action research carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, action, observation, reflection. The research subjects were class X high school students. The data collection tools or instruments used in this classroom action research are written test or evaluation instruments to reveal student learning outcomes and observation sheets regarding understanding of student activities and teacher performance. Data analysis is carried out statistically by calculating the average value obtained then the second stage calculate learning completeness.
 Main Findings: The learning outcomes obtained by students in cycle I showed an improvement compared to before they were given learning using creative and productive models. In cycle II, student learning outcomes showed a better improvement compared to cycle I. Student learning outcomes in cycle II were as follows: the percentage of completion level in cycle II was 84.61%, while students who did not complete the percentage were 15.38. %. So the overall class average is 7.82. The conclusion of this research is that by using the Creative and Productive Learning model there is an increase in learning outcomes on the subject of the origins and distribution of humans in the Indonesian Archipelago.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this research is that it is useful in the field of education, especially in history subjects as an effort to improve the completeness of student learning outcomes.

Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning Dipadu Tutorial Sebaya untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas V SD

This article aims to explain conceptually about the use of PBL (Problem Based Learning) learning models in student activities and learning outcomes in elementary schools. This research is a classroom action research (PTK) that aims to improve students' mathematics learning outcomes by using the PBL (Problem Based Learning) model combined with peer tutorials. The subjects in this study were 22 Cakap class V students. In the initial condition, it shows the classical average value obtained is 36%. After being given action using the PBL (Problem Based Learning) learning model combined with the first cycle peer tutorial, the average grade was classically obtained at 55%. In cycle 2, the average completeness of student learning outcomes increased to 82%. These results show that there is an increase in student learning outcomes by using the PBL (Problem Based Learning) learning model combined with Peer Tutorials, so it can be concluded that PBL (Problem Based Learning) Combined with Peer Tutorials can improve the mathematics learning outcomes of Kela V Saucy students of SDN 23 Ampenan.

Penerapaan Pembelajaran Kooperatif Teams Games Tournament untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Aktivitas Siswa

Low student learning outcomes and activities are a manifestation of various problems that arise from ongoing learning activities. Learning outcomes in Mathematics learning are marked by a class average value of 78.18. The data shows that the value of 15 out of 18 (83.33%) has not been completed and 16.67% of students have reached KKM. The method used still uses lectures, a conservative paradigm, where the teacher imparts knowledge to students passively where learning is more centered on the teacher. Students tend to be passive, low absorption, boredom, lack of student enthusiasm, and distraction in class. Based on these problems, the authors made an effort to increase student learning outcomes and activities in mathematics class VIII-B Marsudi Siwi Malang Catholic Middle School for the 2022/2023 academic year as many as 18 students using the Cooperative method of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) type. This research is Classroom Action Research (PTK), the researcher acts as an educator and the subject educator as an observer. Based on the results of the analysis of the research, it can be seen that with the application of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) method, there is an increase in learning outcomes in class VIII-B students of Marsudisiwi Catholic Middle School Malang for the 2022/2023 academic year. The completeness of student learning outcomes in the first cycle was 66.7%, and in the second cycle was 94.4%. This increase is the implication of increasing student learning activities. Educators feel satisfied and proud of the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) method, and students feel very happy and enthusiastic in participating in learning. Researchers suggest that teachers should always try to improve student learning outcomes in each process of learning mathematics using innovative learning models, one of which is the TGT (Teams Games Tournament) learning model, and students are expected to pay more attention to lessons and actively participate in learning mathematics in class and be able to improve learning outcomes.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Think Talk Write untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Tema Daerah Tempat Tinggalku di Kelas IV SD PAB 23 Patumbak

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in class IV SD PAB 23 with the theme "Where I Live" by applying the Think Talk Write Learning Model. This research was conducted in class IV SD PAB 23 Patumbak. This research is a class action research (Classroom Action Research). The subjects in this study were 25 grade IV SD PAB 23 Patumbak students, 13 male students and 12 female students. Instruments and data collection techniques used in this study are observation and tests. From the observation results, it is known that the overall teacher activity in cycle I with the application of the Think Talk Write Learning Model is 72.7% in the sufficient category. The results of observations of student activity as a whole in cycle I, namely 70% in the sufficient category with the percentage of completeness of student learning outcomes in cycle I was 70.8% in the sufficient category. Overall teacher activity in cycle II was 81.81% in the good category. Overall student activity in cycle II was 82.5% in the good category with the percentage of completeness of student learning outcomes in cycle II was 80.32% in the good category. Overall teacher activity in cycle III was 93.18% in the very good category. Overall student activity in cycle III, which is 92.5% in the very good category with the percentage value of the completeness of student learning outcomes in cycle III is 92.36% in the Very Good category. Thus it can be concluded that the Application of the Think Talk Write Learning Model can improve results student learning on the theme The Area Where I Live, class IV SD PAB 23 Patumbak..

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Think Talk Write untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Tema Daerah Tempat Tinggalku di Kelas IV SD PAB 23 Patumbak

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in class IV SD PAB 23 with the theme "Where I Live" by applying the Think Talk Write Learning Model. This research was conducted in class IV SD PAB 23 Patumbak. This research is a class action research (Classroom Action Research). The subjects in this study were 25 grade IV SD PAB 23 Patumbak students, 13 male students and 12 female students. Instruments and data collection techniques used in this study are observation and tests. From the observation results, it is known that the overall teacher activity in cycle I with the application of the Think Talk Write Learning Model is 72.7% in the sufficient category. The results of observations of student activity as a whole in cycle I, namely 70% in the sufficient category with the percentage of completeness of student learning outcomes in cycle I was 70.8% in the sufficient category. Overall teacher activity in cycle II was 81.81% in the good category. Overall student activity in cycle II was 82.5% in the good category with the percentage of completeness of student learning outcomes in cycle II was 80.32% in the good category. Overall teacher activity in cycle III was 93.18% in the very good category. Overall student activity in cycle III, which is 92.5% in the very good category with the percentage value of the completeness of student learning outcomes in cycle III is 92.36% in the Very Good category. Thus it can be concluded that the Application of the Think Talk Write Learning Model can improve results student learning on the theme The Area Where I Live, class IV SD PAB 23 Patumbak..

Implementation of the jucama learning model assisted by tangram media to improve students’ mathematical creative thinking skills in plane figure material

The mathematical creative thinking skill is crucial in learning mathematics. However, the problem encountered in learning mathematics in class VII-B at SMP (Junior High School) Wahid Hasyim Malang was that the teacher did not involve students in exploring and providing opportunities to improve mathematical creative thinking skills. In overcoming this problem, the researcher applied the Jucama learning model assisted by tangram media on plane figure material. This research design was Classroom Action Research (CAR) which consisted of (1) Planning, (2) Implementation, (3) Observation, and (4) Reflection. The research subjects were 30 students in class VII-B SMP Wahid Hasyim. Data was collected through teacher and student activity observations, end-of-cycle test results, and questionnaires. This research was conducted in two cycles, with two meetings. The results indicated an increase in the percentage of observations of teacher and student activities, end-of-cycle test results, and questionnaire results. The results of observations of teacher activities in cycle I reached an average percentage of 75%, while in cycle II, it increased to 86.875%. The results of observing student activities in the first cycle reached a percentage of 73.125%, while in the second cycle, it increased to 85.75%. The end-of-cycle I test results showed that the completeness of student learning outcomes attained 63.33% with an average class score of 72. In comparison, the completeness of student learning outcomes in cycle II increased to 86.67%, with an average class score of 83.47. The results of the questionnaire in cycle I indicated that the percentage of success reached 46.67%, while in cycle II, the questionnaire results increased, with the percentage of success attaining 83.33%. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be implied that applying the JUCAMA learning model assisted by tangram media could improve the mathematical creative thinking skill of class VII-B students of SMP Wahid Hasyim Malang in the plane figure material.

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TEAM ASSISTED INDIVIDUALIZATION (TAI) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPAS PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IV SD N CIWAKTU

In efforts to improve student learning outcomes, the teacher must improve the learning process carried out. One of the efforts that teachers can make in improving the learning process to be able to improve student learning outcomes is by applying the Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) learning model. The Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) learning model is an effort to improve the learning process because this learning model emphasizes guidance between group members to understand and solve the problems being studied. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) which aims to improve the learning process so that it can improve student learning outcomes. This Classroom Action Research was conducted in class IV of SD N Ciwaktu in science learning. The results showed that the learning completeness in the pre-cycle was 42.85% of the total number of students. In cycle I the learning outcomes of students increased by 17.86% and the level of completeness of student learning outcomes in cycle I reached 60.71%. Whereas in cycle II the percentage of completeness of student learning outcomes obtained reached 89.28% with the frequency of students completing in cycle II as many as 25 students. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the application of the Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) model could improve the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SD N Ciwaktu in the Science subject.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Dengan Model PAKEM Pada Bahasa Indonesia Dalam Menyimpulkan Cerita Anak Pada Siswa Kelas VA SDN Cikidangbayang Mande

This study aims to describe learning outcomes through the application of the PAKEM learning model. The research subjects were students of class Va SD Negeri Cikidangbayabang Kec. Mande. The improvement of learning outcomes was reviewed from four categories, namely absorption, learning effectiveness, student learning completeness both individual completeness and classical completeness and completeness of learning outcomes. The instruments used for data collection were reading tests and written tests in the form of LKS which were carried out after the learning process. The results showed that the percentage of student completeness increased from 33.33% to 73.33% categorized as good, the effectiveness of learning was categorized as very effective. While the completeness of student learning outcomes was declared complete. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the application of the PAKEM learning model can improve learning outcomes in the material of Summarizing the contents of children's stories in several sentences in class Va students of SD Negeri Cikidangbayabang Kec. Mande.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN COMIC LIFE PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA KELAS V MIN 2 DHARMASRAYA

Education is very important in human life, meaning that every human being deserves it and is expected to always develop in it, Education will never end. In this study, the author is interested in developing comic learning media. This research uses the type of research and development R&D (Reseasrch and Development). Based on the problems that have been described in the background, this study uses the ADDIE model (Analiyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The types of data taken in this study are qualitative data types and quantitative data Data collection techniques used by the author using Interview, Observation and Documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques carried out in writing this development are validity analysis, effectiveness analysis and practicality analysis. On the validation sheet, there are filling instructions and 3 aspects of assessment including aspects of language feasibility, design feasibility, and content / construction feasibility with average scores. The results of the practicality sheet design contain filling instructions and assessment aspects that will be assessed by educators and students. The results of the practicality sheet design contain filling instructions and assessment aspects that will be assessed by educators and students. The results of the validation design of the effectiveness sheet (learning outcome test) effectiveness there are filling instructions and aspects assessed by validators. In addition, the completeness of student learning outcomes with an average of 95% is categorized as very effective.

Development of Mathematics Learning Tools Based on Realistic Mathematics Education to Improve Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability for Class VII Middle School

This research aims to produce a learning tool that is valid, practical, and effective. This learning tool contains material for flat-sided shapes. This research is a development research using the Plomp model, which includes Preliminary Research, Prototyping Stage, and Assessment Stage. The instruments used in the study were learning device assessment sheets to measure validity, educator response questionnaires, student response questionnaires, learning implementation observation sheets to measure practicality, and tests of critical thinking skills to measure effectiveness. Learning devices are said to be valid and practical if they meet at least good criteria (average score more than 3.40) and the percentage of learning implementation is at least 70%, while it is said to be effective if the percentage of student completeness is more than 60%. The learning device was implemented at As-Salam Islamic Middle School, Tanjung Gadang, Sijunjung Regency with the object of research being students of class VII Marwah. This research produced a set of learning tools in the form of lesson plans and worksheets for six meetings. Learning tools meet valid criteria with an average score of 3.52 for lesson plans and 3.52 for worksheets from a maximum score of 4.00. Learning tools meet the very practical criteria with an average score of 80% for the teacher response questionnaire and 88.17% for the student response questionnaire with a maximum score of 100%, while the average percentage of learning implementation is 83.21%. Learning devices meet the criteria of effectiveness with a percentage of completeness of student learning outcomes of 75.57%.

PENINGKATAN BERPIKIR MATEMATIS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI PENDEKATAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING PADA SISWA SMP

Formal education is one vehicle ‘for building quality human resources. The quality of human resources is very dependent on various aspects. One aspect that supports formal education is learning mathematics. This study aims to improve students' mathematical abilities and learning outcomes through a problem-based learning approach. This type of research is classroom action research with four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection carried out in two cycles. Data was obtained from the instrument in the form of observations of mathematical thinking in the category of students' mathematical attitudes and tests to determine student learning outcomes. The subjects in this study were 20 class VII students of SMP Rewarangga Ende. The data analysis technique uses a comparative descriptive technique between cycles. The study results show an increase in students' mathematical thinking skills from the lowest initial level of 19% to 100% after the learning process in cycle II was carried out. At the same time, student learning outcomes have increased. This is known from the completeness of student learning outcomes, namely that from the initial test 20% increased in cycle II to 100%. Therefore, it can be concluded that Problem-Based learning can improve students' mathematical thinking and student learning outcomes in class VII students of SMP Rewarangga Ende.

Increasing Activities and Mathematics Learning Outcomes Using the Cogan Model in Elementary School Students

The problems in this study are the lack of understanding of students, low interest in Mathematics, and teacher centered learning. The purpose of carrying out this research is to describe the activities of educators and students and to increase learning outcomes. Using Classroom Action Research, with a qualitative approach, results from observation sheets and learning achievement tests. These results indicate that the teacher's activities at each meeting have increased to become "Very Good". The activity of students also increased at meeting 1 to get "Quite Active" and increased at meeting 4 to become the criteria of "Very Active". The classical completeness of student learning outcomes at meeting 1 obtained 44% and increased at meeting 4 obtained 94%. Based on the results of these studies it can be concluded that there is an increase in activity and learning outcomes with the use of the COGAN model.