Complete Vaccination Schedule Research Articles

Pre-existing cell populations with cytotoxic activity against SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV and normal CD4/CD8 ratio previously unexposed to the virus.

HIV-1 infection may produce a detrimental effect on the immune response. Early start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended to preserve the integrity of the immune system. In fact, people with HIV (PWH) and normal CD4/CD8 ratio appear not to be more susceptible to severe forms of COVID-19 than the general population and they usually present a good seroconversion rate in response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. However, few studies have fully characterized the development of cytotoxic immune populations in response to COVID-19 vaccination in these individuals. In this study, we recruited PWH with median time of HIV-1 infection of 6 years, median CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.0, good adherence to ART, persistently undetectable viral load, and negative serology against SARS-CoV-2, who then received the complete vaccination schedule against COVID-19. Blood samples were taken before vaccination against COVID-19 and one month after receiving the complete vaccination schedule. PWH produced high levels of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 in response to vaccination that were comparable to healthy donors, with a significantly higher neutralization capacity. Interestingly, the cytotoxic activity of PBMCs from PWH against SARS-CoV-2-infected cells was higher than healthy donors before receiving the vaccination schedule, pointing out the pre-existence of activated cell populations with likely unspecific antiviral activity. The characterization of these cytotoxic cell populations revealed high levels of Tgd cells with degranulation capacity against SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. In response to vaccination, the degranulation capacity of CD8+ T cells also increased in PWH but not in healthy donors. The full vaccination schedule against COVID-19 did not modify the ability to respond against HIV-1-infected cells in PWH and these individuals did not show more susceptibility to breakthrough infection with SARS-CoV-2 than healthy donors after 12 months of follow-up. These results revealed the development of protective cell populations with broad-spectrum antiviral activity in PWH with normal CD4/CD8 ratio and confirmed the importance of early ART and treatment adherence to avoid immune dysfunctions.

Immunization against covid-19 and mortality in hospitalized patients: a retrospective cohort.

To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccines developed against covid-19 in reducing mortality in people hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV-2. This is a retrospective cohort that evaluated risk factors and the effectiveness of the two-dose vaccination schedule in reducing the mortality of people hospitalized for covid-19 in the state of Paraíba from February to November 2021. The explanatory variables were vaccination status, presence of comorbidities, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Descriptive analyses and bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were performed. Most hospitalizations and deaths occurred until May 2021. The percentage of patients with a complete vaccination schedule was similar across patients admitted to public and private hospitals and higher in residents of less developed municipalities. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that women (OR = 0.896; 95%CI 0.830-0.967) and people admitted to private hospitals (OR = 0.756; 95%CI 0.679-0.842) were less likely to die. Presence of any comorbidity (OR = 1.627; 95%CI 1.500-1.765) and age ≥ 80 years (OR = 7.426; 95%CI 6.309-8.741) were risk factors for death. Patients with complete vaccination schedule at the time of admission were 41.7% less likely to die (OR = 0.583; 95% CI 0.501-0.679) from covid-19 in the adjusted analysis, as compared to unvaccinated patients. The study reveals that immunization was effective in reducing the likelihood of death from covid-19. The results suggest that greater vaccination coverage in the first half of 2021 would prevent thousands of deaths in the country.

Characteristics of adults who reported not having had COVID-19 in Spain after the first two years of the pandemic and associated factors

BackgroundThere is little evidence regarding the characteristics of adults who self-reported not having had COVID-19 after two years of the pandemic. This study aimed to analyse the characteristics of no-COVID-19 respondents and the associated factors to better understand which may have conditioned not having had the disease as guidance to help in the design of better public health strategies. MethodsThis cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in the Spanish general population in a representative sample of 1051 adults who completed an online survey in September 2022. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess which factors were related to reporting not having had COVID-19. ResultsAlmost half of the respondents (47.8%) reported not having ever had COVID-19. Significant differences were found between people who reported having had and not having had COVID-19 according to sex, age, education level, employment and living with children. No-COVID-19 respondents had greater concern and less fear of the disease and were more worried about the new variants. After the multivariable analysis, factors associated with no-COVID-19 respondents were male sex (OR)=1.40; 95% (CI=1.07–1.82), older age (OR=1.01; 95% CI=1.01–1.03), having a greater perception of disease severity if infected (OR=4.71; 95% CI=2.97–7.47), greater adherence to preventive measures (OR=1.02; 95% CI=1.01–1.03), and having received a complete vaccination schedule and booster dose (OR=1.56; 95% CI=1.03–2.36). ConclusionsAnalysing the characteristics of people reporting not having had COVID-19 can support public health decision-makers in designing better interventions and facilitating the implementation of effective prevention and control measures to prepare for and respond to a possible future pandemic.

Barriers and facilitators to the HPV vaccine: a multicenter qualitative study of French general practitioners

BackgroundIn France, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage is low, with 30.7% of 17-year-old girls having received a complete HPV vaccination schedule in 2020.AimTo determine the perspective and behaviors of general practitioners (GPs) regarding HPV vaccination with their patients and if a reluctance is observed.Design and settingA qualitative study based on semi-directed individual interviews was conducted between December 2019 and December 2020. A representative sample of GPs with various profiles were included in 4 French regions.MethodA purposive sampling was used and interviews were continued until data saturation was reached. The analysis was based on the grounded theory.ResultsTwenty-six GPs aged 29–66 years were interviewed. The measures taken by the French health authorities (lowering the target age, reimbursing the vaccine, extending the target population to boys) were perceived as facilitators. The reported barriers were organizational, due to low attendance of adolescents, and relational, mainly due to parental vaccine hesitancy. Physicians had to deal with fears about the perceived risks and concerns about sexuality conveyed by HPV vaccination and linked to the socio-cultural characteristics of the families. Physicians developed strategies, including scientific knowledge mobilization, empowerment of families by promoting health through prevention, repetition of the vaccination proposals, personal experience and relationship. Different practices were identified according to three GP typologies: effective, convinced but unpersuasive, and reluctant physicians.ConclusionBased on these results, specific interventions, including communication techniques, especially for hesitant or unpersuasive physicians, are needed to enable GPs to become more effective.

Effects of the vaccination campaign on hospitalization and mortality linked to measles in Brazil in the last decade

Measles is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population and it can be prevented with 100% effectiveness by vaccination. However, the disease remains active in throughout Brazil. The scope of this article is to evaluate the population's adherence to vaccination and the potential connection with hospitalizations and mortality in relation to measles in Brazil. This is an ecological study based on secondary data on mortality and hospitalizations due to measles and vaccination coverage against the disease in Brazil from 2013 to 2022. The peak of adherence to the measles vaccination schedule occurred in the 3 years that preceded the eradication of the disease in the country, which occurred in 2016. In this interval, there are the lowest hospitalization rates, with zero mortality from 2014 to 2017. On the other hand, there has been a marked drop in vaccination rates since 2019, when the disease resurfaced in Brazil. Concomitantly, hospitalization and mortality rates reach the highest recorded values. Population adherence to the complete measles vaccination schedule, which is essential to control the disease and related deaths, is insufficient, which is reflected in hospitalization and mortality rates.

Factors associated with adherence to the COVID-19 vaccine in pregnant women.

to identify factors associated with adherence to the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy. cross-sectional and analytical study with 348 postpartum women in shared accommodation at the Municipal Maternities of Recife-PE. Data was collected through interviews during the months of June to September 2022. Pearson's Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact tests and the Poisson regression model were applied for statistical analysis. 17.2% of pregnant women adhered to the complete vaccination schedule, and adherence was associated with access to the internet/TV/radio (p-value = 0.011), routine prenatal vaccination (p-value = 0.019), safety of the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine and partner support (p-value = 0.020). Postpartum women without access to the internet/TV/radio, and who feel confident about the effectiveness of the vaccine, had higher prevalence rates for adhering to COVID-19 vaccination, with PRs of 2.56 and 3.25, respectively. there was evidence of low adherence to the vaccination schedule against COVID-19 during the gestational period, considering the number of recommended doses and the interval between them. Therefore, professionals in their clinical practice must make pregnant women aware of the importance of immunization and compliance with the vaccination schedule. (1) Maternal vaccination plays a significant role in preventing and combating maternal morbidity. (2) Some factors may influence acceptance or hesitancy of the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy. (3) Safety regarding the effectiveness of vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy is a factor associated with adherence to COVID-19 vaccines. (4) Postpartum women without access to the internet/TV/radio have 2.56 times the risk of adhering to the COVID-19 vaccination schedule. (5) Health education helps to increase the level of knowledge and acceptance of the vaccine by pregnant women.

The immunogenicity and the safety of the adjuvanted glycoprotein E (gE)-based recombinant vaccine against herpes zoster (RZV) in cancer patients during immunotherapy

ABSTRACT Herpes zoster (HZ) is caused by the reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV). Severe immunocompromising conditions, such as solid tumors, have been largely associated with an increased risk for HZ due to waning VZV-specific cellular immunity. With the approval of the adjuvanted glycoprotein E (gE)-based recombinant vaccine (RZV; Shingrix™, GSK) also in immunocompromised subjects, HZ is considered a vaccine-preventable disease changing perspectives in immunocompromised subjects. To date, no clinical trial has evaluated the immunogenicity in the patients with cancer undergoing immunotherapy. In this study, we describe the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in 38 cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and receiving RZV. We used samples collected at baseline (T0), 3 weeks (T2), and 6 months (T3) after the complete RV vaccination schedule. Our data showed that a significant proportion (40,5%) of RZV recipients mounted a stronger humoral and cell-mediated immune response at 3 weeks (T2) after complete RZV vaccination schedule. Interestingly, both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were mostly stable over 6 months (T3). Interestingly, the overall IFNγ-producing lymphocytes was mainly associated with CD4 T cell response (p = .0012). In conclusion, data from our pilot study suggest a strong and long-lasting immunogenicity of RZV in ICI-treated patients. Prospective analyses at 1 year after vaccination will be performed in order to evaluate the long-term persistence of humoral and cell-mediated response against RZV.

Cutaneous Mucormycosis Due to Rhizopus oryzae in Immunocompromised Pediatric Patient

Abstract Introduction Mucormycosis is an infection predominantly in immunocompromised patients by fungi of the Mucorales order, the most frequent being Rhizopus spp., Mucor spp. and Lichteimia spp. Characterized by vascular invasion, necrosis in the lung, CNS, paranasal sinuses, gastrointestinal system, and skin. Case Presentation 2-year-old female patient, native and resident of Valle de Chalco, State of Mexico. Recent diagnosis of B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in remission induction phase. Medical/surgical history: December 10 2021: Bone marrow aspirate -January 10 2022: Remission induction chemotherapy with vincristine and daunorubicin -January 17 2022: Central venous catheter placement -Family history: Parents are reported healthy. Positive drug addiction for smoking. They have two doses of vaccine for SARS COV2 -Epidemiologic history: Protective isolation was indicated in this patient -Allergies, rash, transfusion and traumatic: Denied -Adequate nutrition, adequate hygiene, complete vaccination schedule. Neurodevelopment according to age -Hospitalized on January 17 for fever and neutropenia, treatment with fourth-generation cephalosporin as initial management. -On January 20, 2022, she presented an erythematousviolaceous papular lesion, raised in the center, without central necrosis, without elevation, and painful on palpation on the right forearm -Treatment with fourth generation cephalosporin and glycopeptide was started, a biopsy culture of the lesion was taken and Central and peripheral blood cultures -On physical examination, an erythematous-violaceous maculopapular lesion was observed on the right forearm, without necrosis, without exudate and painful on palpation. Vital Signs in normal ranges. Relevant labs Leukopenia was found with profound neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Positive acute phase reactants, with positive procalcitonin and C-reactive protein. Final Diagnosis For the study of the tissue, debridement of the wound, samples of the spindle center and external edges for biopsy and Lactophenol cotton blue staining were performed. Final diagnosis is Cutaneous Mucormycosis. The culture reports Rhizopus oryzae. For treatment, start Liposomal Amphotericin B 5 milligrams per kilogram per dose every 24 hours. It was increased to 10 milligrams per kilogram per dose for progression of the lesion. Teaching Points Mucormycosis is produced by opportunistic fungi of the order Mucorales. It presents an acute and fatal course that requires early diagnosis and treatment to avoid complications and death (1) A timely diagnosis is very important, since with surgical and antifungal treatment the survival rate increases to 70% (2) Isavuconazole showed activity against mucormycosis with efficacy similar to Amphotericin B. Isavuconazole can be used for the treatment of mucormycosis and is well tolerated (3,4).

Assessment of Levels of Anxiety and Fear of Covid-19 in a Population of Pregnant Women in Spain.

The aim of the study was to assess the levels of fear and anxiety in the particularly vulnerable population group of women during pregnancy. Cross-sectional study between March 2022 and July 2022 involving 978 pregnant women aged 16 to 50 years. It was carried out based on the scale for the assessment of fear and anxiety in pregnant women (AMICO_Pregnant) and the collection of sociodemographic data. Normality analysis was performed prior to univariate and bivariate statistical analysis. The sample was composed of a total of 978 pregnant women. The mean of the AMICO_Pregnant scale was intermediate (5.04 points; SD=2.36). The bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between the AMICO_Pregnant scale and the following variables: vaccination schedule status, contact with the disease, weeks of gestation, altered delivery or birth plan. Women with pregnancies closer to term, with no contact with the disease, without a complete vaccination schedule, or who had undergone changes in their delivery or birth plans, showed higher levels of fear and anxiety.

Regular Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Individuals with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Who Received a Full Vaccination Schedule against COVID-19.

Individuals with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) constitute a unique group within individuals with oncohematological disease (OHD). They receive treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that present immunomodulatory properties, and they may eventually be candidates for treatment discontinuation under certain conditions despite the chronic nature of the disease. In addition, these individuals present a lower risk of infection than other immunocompromised patients. For this study, we recruited a cohort of 29 individuals with CML in deep molecular response who were on treatment with TKIs (n = 23) or were on treatment-free remission (TFR) (n = 6), and compared both humoral and cellular immune responses with 20 healthy donors after receiving the complete vaccination schedule against SARS-CoV-2. All participants were followed up for 17 months to record the development of COVID-19 due to breakthrough infections. All CML individuals developed an increased humoral response, with similar seroconversion rates and neutralizing titers to healthy donors, despite the presence of high levels of immature B cells. On the whole, the cellular immune response was also comparable to that of healthy donors, although the antibody dependent cytotoxic activity (ADCC) was significantly reduced. Similar rates of mild breakthrough infections were observed between groups, although the proportion was higher in the CML individuals on TFR, most likely due to the immunomodulatory effect of these drugs. In conclusion, as with the healthy donors, the vaccination did not impede breakthrough infections completely in individuals with CML, although it prevented the development of severe or critical illness in this special population of individuals with OHD.

Characterization of Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 mRNA-1273 in HIV-Positive Italian Patients with Hemophilia: A Prospective Single-Center Cohort Study.

To characterize the immunogenicity of mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA) vaccine in HIV-positive hemophilic patients during the third COVID-19 wave in Italy and to investigate biomarkers of coagulation and endothelial perturbation before and after complete vaccination schedule, twenty-three consecutive adult HIV-positive patients with hemophilia were included. Blood was collected before and two weeks after vaccination. We measured anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies to assess immunogenicity; circulating biomarkers of coagulation (protein C and D-dimer), endothelial perturbation (von Willebrand factor (VWF)) and anti-Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) antibodies were analyzed. Flow-based analysis of thrombus formation was performed in nine patients using a flow-chamber device. Two weeks after completing the vaccination schedule, all patients had anti-spike antibodies values consistent with an effective immunization. Mean (±standard deviation) basal values of protein C and VWF (106 ± 21% and 171 ± 45%, respectively) were not significantly different from data obtained two weeks after the second dose (103 ± 20%, 162 ± 43%, respectively). D-dimer median values (interquartile range) were not significantly different at baseline (442 (603-142) ng/mL) and after the second dose (477 (654-262) ng/mL). Anti-PF4 antibodies were detected in three patients with no associated clinical manifestations. No significant differences were found in flow-based analysis of thrombus formation. Our data demonstrate that in HIV-positive patients with hemophilia, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is effective and safe, with no effects on coagulation and endothelial perturbation.

Role of vaccination and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the clinical outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients

BackgroundAlthough vaccination has considerably reduced the risk of hospitalization and death from COVID19, the impact of vaccination and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody status on the outcome of patients who required hospitalization has been poorly investigated. Material and methodsA prospective observational study in 232 patients hospitalized for COVID19 was carried out from October 2021 to January 2022 to evaluate the role on patient outcome of their vaccination and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody status and titer, comorbidities, analytical determinations, clinical presentation at admission, treatments and requirements for respiratory support. Cox regression and survival analyzes were performed. The SPSS and “R” programs were used. ResultsPatients with complete vaccination schedule had higher S-protein antibody titers (log10 3.73 [2.83–4.6]UI/ml vs 1.6 [2.99–2.61]UI/ml; p<0.001), lower probability of radiographic worsening (21.6% vs. 35.4%; p=0.005), less likely required high doses of dexamethasone (28.4% vs. 45.4%; p=0.012), high-flow oxygen (20.6% vs. 35.4%; p=0.02), ventilation (13.7% vs, 33.8%; p=0.001) and intensive care admissions (10.8% vs. 32.6%; p<0.001). Remdesivir (HR=0.38; p<0.001) and complete vaccination schedule (HR=0.34; p=0.008) were protective factors. No differences in antibody status were detected between groups (HR=0.58; p=0.219). ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 vaccination was associated with higher S-protein antibody titers and lower probability of radiological progression, immunomodulators requirement and respiratory support or death. However, vaccination but not antibody titters protected from adverse events pointing a role of immune-protective mechanisms in addition to humoral response.

COVID-19 and smoking: Considerations after two years

COVID-19 and smoking: Considerations after two years

Low Vaccine Coverage and Factors Associated with Incomplete Childhood Immunization in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and Rural Groups, Central Brazil.

Discrimination and limited access to healthcare services in remote areas can affect vaccination coverage. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate vaccination coverage for children living in quilombola communities and rural settlements in the central region of Brazil during their first year of life and to analyze the factors associated with incomplete vaccination. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on children born between 2015 and 2017. The percentage of children who received all vaccines recommended by the National Immunization Program in Brazil by 11 months and 29 days was used to calculate immunization coverage. Children who received the following vaccines were considered as having a complete basic vaccination schedule: one dose of BCG; three doses of Hepatitis B, of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DPT), of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and of Poliovirus (Polio); two doses of Rotavirus, of 10-valent pneumococcal (PCV10), and of Serogroup C meningococcal conjugate (MenC); and one dose of Yellow Fever (YF). Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and other doses recommended at or after 12 months were not included. Consolidated logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with incomplete vaccination coverage. Overall vaccination coverage was 52.8% (95% CI: 45.5-59.9%) and ranged from 70.4% for the Yellow Fever vaccine to 78.3% for the Rotavirus vaccine, with no significant differences between the quilombola and settler groups. Notably, the likelihood of incomplete general vaccination coverage was higher among children who did not receive a visit from a healthcare professional. Urgent strategies are required to achieve and ensure health equity for this unique and traditionally distinct group with low vaccination coverage.

Importance of vaccination against human papillomavirus in a rural settlement in Terenos, Mato Grosso do Sul.

To understand health professionals' perceptions about vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) in the Santa Mônica rural settlement in Terenos, Mato Grosso do Sul. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies, consultations on vaccination cards, records of community health agents and the focus group technique were used. The main factors of hesitation and vaccine refusal were analyzed, as well as the health team's strategies for the process of immunization against HPV, from June to August 2018. Of 121 children and adolescents, 81 (66.94%) received the complete vaccination schedule. Complete vaccination coverage for women was 73.17% (60/82) and for men, 53.8% (21/39). It was observed that, although strategies are adopted for vaccine promotion, such as mobile actions, the public is resistant due to superficial knowledge about the vaccine and its use in an early age group, showing itself to be susceptible to the negative influence of the media and to society's taboos. In addition, difficulties regarding the use of the Unified Health System card and the shortage of professionals were also observed. The results explain the immunization coverage below the target and reinforce the need to strengthen the family health strategy, as well as the permanent and continuing education of professionals, in order to increase parental confidence and adherence to vaccination.

Role of vaccination and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the clinical outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients

BackgroundAlthough vaccination has considerably reduced the risk of hospitalization and death from COVID19, the impact of vaccination and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody status on the outcome of patients who required hospitalization has been poorly investigated. Material and methodsA prospective observational study in 232 patients hospitalized for COVID19 was carried out from October 2021 to January 2022 to evaluate the role on patient outcome of their vaccination and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody status and titer, comorbidities, analytical determinations, clinical presentation at admission, treatments and requirements for respiratory support. Cox regression and survival analyzes were performed. The SPSS and “R” programs were used. ResultsPatients with complete vaccination schedule had higher S-protein antibody titers (log10 3.73 [2.83–4.6]UI/ml vs 1.6 [2.99–2.61]UI/ml; p<0.001), lower probability of radiographic worsening (21.6% vs. 35.4%; p=0.005), less likely required high doses of dexamethasone (28.4% vs. 45.4%; p=0.012), high-flow oxygen (20.6% vs. 35.4%; p=0.02), ventilation (13.7% vs, 33.8%; p=0.001) and intensive care admissions (10.8% vs. 32.6%; p<0.001). Remdesivir (HR=0.38; p<0.001) and complete vaccination schedule (HR=0.34; p=0.008) were protective factors. No differences in antibody status were detected between groups (HR=0.58; p=0.219). ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 vaccination was associated with higher S-protein antibody titers and lower probability of radiological progression, immunomodulators requirement and respiratory support or death. However, vaccination but not antibody titters protected from adverse events pointing a role of immune-protective mechanisms in addition to humoral response.

Invasive pneumococcal disease in patients from a pediatric hospital in Peru, 2017-2020.

Motivation for the study: there are few reports describing cases of invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of the 13-valent conjugate vaccine in Peru. Main findings: cases of invasive pneumococcal disease are still reported in children, more frequently in children under five years of age. The most frequent clinical form was bacteremia and there was greater antibiotic resistance to erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and penicillin. Implications: our findings suggest the need to maintain epidemiological surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease and to measure the impact of vaccination against pneumococcus in children. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, serotypes, and antibiotic susceptibility in patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The medical records of patients with IPD who were hospitalized at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Breña (Lima, Peru) were reviewed. We evaluated 29 patients. The median age was 1.9 years (interquartile range: 1 to 4 years). Of the sample, 51.7% were women and the most frequent clinical form of IPD was bacteremia in 18 (62.1%) patients; 65.5% had a complete vaccination schedule, according to the Peruvian Ministry of Health. Germ isolation was performed from blood samples in 82.8% of patients. Antibiotic resistance to erythromycin (55.2%) was the most frequent, followed by resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (48.3%) and penicillin (24.1%). The isolated serotypes were 6C, 19A, 23A and 24F. One patient died of meningitis. In conclusion, IPD was more frequent in children aged one to five years and the most frequent clinical form was bacteremia. Five serotypes reported in previous studies were found to be resistant to penicillin and erythromycin.

The type of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine does not affect ovarian function in assisted reproduction cycle

To assess whether vaccination or the type of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 affects ovarian function in an assisted reproduction treatment. A retrospective and observational study. University-affiliated private invitro fertilization (IVF) center. Five hundred one patients who had received the complete vaccination schedule. Treatment before and after vaccination. Parameters for both reproductive outcomes and IVF results in patients vaccinated RESULT(S): We included 510 patients, distributed as follows: 13.5% (n = 69) received a viral vector vaccine, either the adenovirus serotype 26 vector vaccine (Ad26.CoV2.S; Janssen; n = 31) or the chimpanzee adenovirus vector vaccine (ChAdOx; AstraZeneca; n = 38). The remaining 86.5% (n = 441) received an messenger RNA vaccine from either Pfizer-BioNTech (n = 336) or Moderna (n = 105). Sample size for the unexposed women was n = 1190. No differences were found in any of the evaluated parameters for both reproductive outcomes and IVF results in patients vaccinated with any adenovirus or messenger RNA vaccine. When we compared the results after vaccination with different types of vaccines between the exposed and unexposed groups, and similar results were obtained in the days of stimulation or the doses of administered follicle stimulating hormone. Finally, the numbers of oocytes were as follows: Johnson & Johnson (9.2 ± 2.6), AstraZeneca (7.7 ± 1.2), Moderna (11.3 ± 1.8), Pfizer (12.6 ± 1.0), and the unvaccinated group (10.2 ± 1.5), P=0.057. These early results suggest no measurable detrimental effect on reproductive outcomes, regardless of the type of vaccine received.

586. Systematic Literature Review of the 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) Effectiveness Against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children Globally

Abstract Background After a decade of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) use in children, many observational studies have evaluated PCV13 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in various epidemiologic and geographic settings. The objective of this study was to systematically review the global evidence on VE of PCV13 against IPD in children. Methods A systematic literature review using Cochrane methods was conducted in November 2021 to evaluate PCV13 VE against vaccine-type and serotype-specific IPD in children. A search of Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL and CDSR), and 5 key conferences (2019-2021) was conducted, and eligible English-language articles were abstracted. Results 15 studies on PCV13 VE were included, primarily from Europe (n=7) and North America (n=3) as well as Africa (n=2), Australasia (n=2), and Asia (n=1). 11 reported VE in children who completed the full vaccination schedule [3+1 (n=3), 2+1 (n=4), 3+0 (n=3), and mixed 3+1 or 2+1 schedules (n=1)] (Table 1). 4 studies did not report VE after the complete vaccination schedule. 8 studies reported PCV13-type VE, 3 reported PCV7-type VE, and 6 reported PCV13 non-PCV7 VE. PCV13-type VE was 90 and 91% in studies using a 3+1 schedule (n=2), 76% and 79% in studies using a 2+1 schedule (n=2) and ranged from 59% to 94% in a 3+0 schedule (n=3), with variability by study design and age range (Table 1). One study reported 100% PCV13-type VE in Spain where mixed 3+1 and 2+1 schedules were used. All PCV13-type VE results were statistically significant except two outcomes restricted to children 12-24 month of age from a single study in Australia. High VE was reported against PCV13 non-PCV7 serotype IPD for fully vaccinated children across all schedules, ranging from 60% to 100% (n=6). PCV13 was effective against the shared PCV7 serotypes, ranging from 75% to 83% (n=3). Conclusion Children fully vaccinated with PCV13 have a high level of direct protection against vaccine-type IPD, irrespective of geographic variation. PCV13 VE against the shared PCV7 serotypes remained high and PCV13 VE was also high for the 6 additional PCV13-non PCV7 serotypes. PCV13 VE tended to be higher in 3+1 schedules and additional analyses by dosing schedule are needed. Disclosures Johnna Perdrizet, MPH, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Iwona Pustulka, MSc, Pfizer Inc.: I'm an employee of Evidera who have been paid by Pfizer Inc. to conduct an SLR which results are presented in the abstract Carol A. Forbes, PhD, Evidera (part of Thermo Fisher Scientific): Employee|Pfizer Inc: I am an employee of Evidera (part of Thermo Fisher Scientific)who have been paid by Pfizer Inc. to carry out the work reported in this abstract|Thermo Fisher Scientific: Stocks/Bonds Emily Horn, MSc, Pfizer Inc: Employee Bradford D. Gessner, M.D., M.P.H., Pfizer Inc.: Employee|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Kyla hayford, PhD, Pfizer Vaccines: Employed|Pfizer Vaccines: Stocks/Bonds.

Real-world Evidence of COVID-19 Vaccines Effectiveness in Solid-organ Transplant Recipient Population in Colombia: A Study Nested in the Esperanza Cohort.

Solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have a higher risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications and death and a less powerful and lasting response to vaccines and to natural infection. In Colombia, this population was prioritized in the National Vaccination Plan against COVID-19 and received vaccines from different platforms. The aim of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of the complete vaccination schedule and of the vaccine booster for COVID-19 administered to SOTRs in Colombia. A nested-cohort was assembled within the population-based ESPERANZA cohort and included the subset of 16 y and older SOTRs (n = 6963); the follow-up period spanned March 11, 2021, to May 11, 2022. The vaccine effectiveness was estimated with Cox proportional-hazards models so that the overall effectiveness of the complete vaccination schedule, the vaccine booster, each used vaccine, and the homologous and heterologous schedules were estimated, adjusting by the main confounders. The overall effectiveness of being fully vaccinated was 73.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.9%-77.0%) to prevent COVID-19 infection, 83.7% (95% CI, 78.7%-87.5%) to prevent hospitalization, and 92.1% (95% CI, 88.8%-94.4%) to prevent death due to COVID-19. Similarly, the effectiveness of the vaccine booster was 76.7% (95% CI, 70.6%-81.5%), 86.9% (95% CI, 79.4%-91.6%), and 94.5% (95% CI, 89.8%-97.1%) to prevent confirmed COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death due to COVID-19, respectively. In both cases, there were no statistically significant differences across age groups. Findings from this work show a high protection of vaccination against infection, hospitalization, and death due to COVID-19 in SOTRs, which increases with the vaccine booster.