Complete Secrecy Research Articles

«Необходимо действовать крайне осторожно, чтобы оградить Советскую власть от всяких нареканий во вмешательстве в духовные дела». Неизвестный документ руководства ГПУ НКВД РСФСР о насаждении раскола в Русской Православной Церкви

The article introduces a new document of the GPU Secret Department on the instigating the Renovationist split in the Russian Orthodox Church. This is the postal telegram No. 24968s of May 29, 1922, signed by the Head of the Secret Operative Directorate of the GPU V. R. Menzhinsky, and by the Head of the Secret Department of the GPU T. P. Samsonov. This telegram is part of a set of directives issued by the GPU, which initiated and regulated the church schism in 1922. Earlier, the researchers at Orthodox Svyato-Tikhonovsky University of Humanities published two directives of the GPU Secret Department, sent out from Moscow in the summer and fall of 1922. The documents describes the specific role that the GPU played in the beginning of the campaign to instigate split in spring-summer of 1922. In particular, the telegram deals with the actions of the GPU at the very beginning of the campaign. The document shows that by this time, the leadership of the GPU had already developed two main strategies, which they then adhered to steadily during the campaign: complete secrecy and strict control over the actions of the renewed clergy. The publication also describes specific measures taken by the GPU in Siberia immediately after receiving the Circular of May 29, 1922: the establishment of the renovationist Siberian church department ("Sibtserkov’") and the trials of the Tomsk Vicar and Barnaul Archbishop Victor (Bogoyavlensky) and the Irkutsk and Verkholensk Archbishop Anatoly (Kamensky).

Hiding algorithm based fused images and Caesar cipher with intelligent security enhancement

<span lang="EN-US">The process of sending confidential data through the communication media and in complete secrecy is now necessary, whether the data is related to patients, a particular military operation, or a specified office. On the other hand, with the development of various ciphering algorithms, and information hiding algorithms, there is a need to obtain ciphered and hidden data securely without the need to exchange secret keys between the two ends of the communication. In this paper, a hiding algorithm based on fused images and Caesar cipher with intelligent methods to strengthen the security of confidential information is proposed. Firstly, fused image scattering is obtained using 1’s complement and circularly shifting the bits of fused pixels by specified positions before the hiding process. Secondly, the keys for the Caesar cipher are derived from the length of secret information according to the mathematical equation. Thirdly, strengthen the security of Caesar’s cipher by taking a 1’s complement of each letter in the cipher data. The results guarantee the security of the presented algorithm.</span>

IDENTITY MANAGEMENT, SSI AND BLOCKCHAIN: A REVIEW

As an individual, in the social and digital world, the burden of managing multiple online IDs and passwords, while handling a host of documents e.g passports, driver’s licenses, Social Security/Aadhar cards and medical insurance cards is cumbersome. Identities both in the social and digital world requires security and privacy: managing these identities efficiently is called Identity Management. Once these identities established, they are produced, shown, send, verified in some way or the other for various processes in Government and non Government purposes. Lately it is established that Blockchain technology has immense use to control over identities (Identity Management) with complete secrecy and privacy. Self-sovereign identity (SSI) is undergoing a transformative evolution, driven by the integration of blockchain technology and Facial Recognition Technology (FRT). This envisioned future entails a paradigm shift where unique facial features serve as the secure key for unlocking one's identity. Blockchain, functioning as a decentralized and secure repository, facilitates the storage of facial data. This convergence of SSI, blockchain, and FRT not only augments security but also streamlines authentication processes, reducing the reliance on conventional passwords and identification documents. It’s a future where individuals can seamlessly access their data, marking a significant advancement in secure and personalized identity management within an academic context.

Secrecy analysis of a free-space laser communication system with a coherent main channel

Physical layer security of a free-space optical (FSO) communication link is investigated for certain eavesdropping scenarios in which the eavesdropper exploits the divergence of the transmitted laser beam, which is subject to atmospheric turbulence, to compromise the security of the transmission link. A solution for physical layer security in which the legitimate receiver is positioned to receive only the coherent component of the transmitted laser beam is proposed. The irradiance fluctuations are modeled with separate distributions for the coherent and non-coherent components of the transmitted beam, corresponding to the main channel and the eavesdropper’s channel, respectively. Complete secrecy analysis of this setup is presented, and closed form expressions of the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity, average secrecy capacity, and secrecy outage probability are derived. The analytical results are verified by Monte-Carlo simulations. Secrecy performance for worst-case scenarios corresponding to an adversary with powerful resources to capture all of the leaked information is explored. Results are analyzed for different turbulence regimes, and it was found that secure communication is possible even in the region of strong turbulence.

Al-Safa Brothers, a historical study

The Ikhwan Al-Safa and Khallan Al – Wafa group announced the highest ranks of exaltation; In the felid of philosophical knowledge and theological, within a purely Islamic intellectual framework, investing in the diversity of the cultures for the Arabic peoples under control of the Islamic state, they mixed between Eastern and Western civilizations, and performed it in a literary style with the utmost linguistic proficiency, and they produced many ideas that left a positive impact on the great scholars in the natural scientific field and applied sciences, such as Ibn Sina and others. Controversial thing that the Ikhwan Al-Safa took from their knowledge, educational and ideological output as a cover behind which they hid their political goals. Aiming to overthrow the state of immorality and vice (The State of Bani Abbas) and replace it with the state of justice and virtue, following a disciplined administrative system that branched out into several forms, adopting complete secrecy, in spreading their idea among the public and private, and winning more new affiliates with the avoiding the oppression of the ruling authority. This explains the reason for not mentioning the names of the authors of their letters, which contained the secrets of their organization and success, based on the principle; be aware the way of your Lord with wisdom and good advice, and argue with them in a way that is best.

Liturgical and Pastoral Activity as a Crime in Soviet Ukraine: The Case of Greek Catholic Priest, Roman Bakhtalovskyy, CSsR (1897–1985)

This article examines the liturgical life of the “Underground” Greek Catholic Church through the example of the life of the prominent priest, writer and poet, Roman Bakhtalovskyy, CSsR. After 1946, the Soviet government in Ukraine prohibited the activity of this Church. Therefore, the sacramental activity of Greek Catholic priests was performed in complete secrecy until 1989. The analysis of archival criminal cases is an important source of research during this difficult period for the Church, in which pastoral activity was a pretext for arrest and imprisonment, and sacred objects were seized during searches. This article analyzes in detail the criminal case of Fr. Roman Bakhtalovskyy, which was opened by special services in 1968–1969. The confiscated objects of analysis provide valuable information about the liturgical activity, devotional practices and spirituality of that period of persecution of Catholics in Soviet Ukraine which coincided with the reforms of the Second Vatican Council and their implementation elsewhere.

ПОНЯТТЯ, СУТНІСТЬ ТА РОЛЬ РЕГУЛЯТОРНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article proves that the main controllers of the effectiveness of regulatory policy are independent analitical centres, business associations and other non-governmental organizations. As reasons for the low quality of legal support, it is noted the complete secrecy of public authorities from citizens during the submission, discussion and decision-making.The main task of the study is to analyze the experience gained and generalize the existing conceptual framework to determine the nature and role of regulatory policy in the development of a market economy.It was found that from the point of view of system analysis and methodology of functional modeling, the control system of the object of public administration is called the regulator and provides its adaptive properties through feedback. Since public administration organizations cannot physically regulate the activities of all business entities without exception in the manual mode, the regulatory framework at the macro level is the regulatory field. This determines the rules of the market, the rights and obligations of all parties, as well as the relationship between them. At the same time, in the frameworkof the implementation of state regulatory policy, the existing regulatory framework is in itself an object of management. The regulator, in this case, are state bodies endowed with these functions, in accordance with the Law of Ukraine.The work provides a complex dynamic system with several levels of government: the first level of government, directly represents the state regulatory activity, where the object is the regulatory field, and the regulator -government agencies; the second level of management provides socio-economic development in the desired direction, where the object is the national economy or its individual sectors, small businesses, etc. Accordingly, the regulator is represented by the existing regulatory framework. The future formalization of this approach in the definition of regulatory policy will establish a causal relationship between public administration and economic development and ensure the effectiveness of such activities. The scientific novelty of this work is the further development of the concept and role of regulatory policy in ensuring the effective development of the economic system based on the analysis of research results of domestic scientists, which in contrast to existing tools state regulatory activity and strategic development of the country.

Voting as a war of attrition

We study communication in committees selecting one of two alternatives when consensus is required and agents have private information about their preferences. Delaying the decision is costly, so a form of multiplayer war of attrition emerges. Waiting allows voters to express the intensity of their preferences and may help to select the alternative correctly more often than simple majority. In a series of laboratory experiments, we investigate how various rules affect the outcome reached. We vary the amount of feedback and the communication protocol available to voters: complete secrecy about the pattern of support; feedback about this support; public communication; and within-group communication. The feedback no-communication mechanism is worse than no feedback benchmark in all measures of welfare—the efficient alternative is chosen less often, waiting cost is higher, and thus net welfare is lower. Our headline result is that adding communication restores net efficiency, but in different ways. Public communication does poorly in terms of selecting the correct alternative, but limits the cost of delay, while group communication improves allocative efficiency, but has at best a moderate effect on delay.

Electronic civil lawsuit proceedings comparative study

The electronic development has imposed itself on all areas of life, including the legal field, as the technological developments have greatly affected the legislations issued by the legislator, as the legislator tries hard to keep pace with technological developments in various fields. In the field of litigation, the courts seek to make the most of modern technologies And the courts and the law behind them to resort to dealing with this type of courts only serve the parties (the citizen) and the courts also, the advantages of resorting to this type of courts are numerous, they are easy too much of the right of litigation, as the parties to the case they can raise their claim electronically, as well as these courts save time effort and reduce the expenses spent by the parties to the suit, complete confidentiality of the plaintiff and provide, as the litigation remotely provides complete secrecy. The electronic filing system has many advantages. It provides a kind of technology that allows lawyers and litigants to submit legal documents in an electronic manner according to an integrated system. This system also reduces the cost of excessive litigation fees and eliminates the huge quantities of documents and documents related to the case that are filled Which allows the courts to function more effectively. The system also provides the possibility of receiving documents at any time daily, even on holidays and public holidays, for 24 hours. Therefore, jurisprudence tried to apply the new concepts of electronic evidence to the existing rules of evidence. Faced with this situation, jurisprudence began to question the degree of legal validity that the law of evidence could give to electronic signatures, and whether the traditional rules of the law of evidence could confer the power of electronic documents to the same degree as the paper documents. Therefore, the men of jurisprudence and law began to find solutions by distinguishing between two cases. The first is the case of a prior agreement between the parties that regulates the validity of the electronic signature; the second is the validity of the electronic signature in the absence of an agreement regulating its validity. The establishment of electronic proceedings is also subject to many legal difficulties, since electronic props that are stored on electronic media such as CD, discs and flash, and the methods of storing, storing and retrieving them are not easily adapted to traditional rules of proof

LIFE AS A TRAGEDY IN THE WORK OF L. SHESTOV

The article analyzes the problem of human life in the philosophical heritage of the outstanding philosopher L. Shestov. The connection of the philosophizing of L. Shestov with the provisions of S. Kirkegor, F. Nietzsche is revealed. Human life is interpreted as an eternal tragedy that can only be overcome by faith. The peculiarities of the interpretation of the concepts faith, in the works of L. Shestov are revealed. God is perceived by a thinker as the Living God, who is not like a Christian or Jewish God. Faith acts as the communication of man with God alone, in complete secrecy and unconditionality. Only in this way and reveals the existence of man.

НАЦИСТСЬКИЙ ТЕРОР ПРОТИ ЄВРЕЇВ ДРОГОБИЧА (ІСТОРІЯ РОДИНИ ДРІМЕРІВ)

In the article the policy of Nazi authorities regarding the Jewish community is investigated. The history of the Holocaust in the city based on the life of the Jewish family of Drimers is highlighted. In the first days of German occupation, the Nazis began mass repressions against the Jewish population in Drohobych. Propaganda, robbery, deportation and execution were organized against them. The article uses the memoirs of Marcel Drimer, who at the age of ten, along with his parents, sister and uncle, was saved by the Polish-Ukrainian family of Jan and Zophiia Savinski.The family of Drimers lived in the city of Drohobych and consisted of the marriage of Jakob and Laura and their children - the 5-year-old Marcel and the 3-year-old Irena. During the whole period of the German occupation, Dremers changed 19 different caches, organized a flight from the Drohobych ghetto and survived the numerous actions organized by the Nazis against the Jewish community of Drohobych. For the years of the Holocaust, Dreemers have lost almost all relatives who were killed or deported to German concentration camps, in which they died.The article shows the activities of Ukrainians and Poles, aimed at preserving and saving the Jews of Drohobych and the outskirts. The Savinskis family, together with Karol and Anastasiia Klimchak, as well as with the help of Bartolomey and Petro Stetsyk saved more than fifty Jews. They provided them with secret shelters, food, clothing and cooking. This activity was very dangerous, because it threatened to shoot them. All was done in complete secrecy, so as not to cause suspicion of Nazi soldiers and neighbors. During the war, it was difficult to provide such a large crowd of people with food, so food was constantly lacking.After arriving in the city of Soviet soldiers from 14 thousand Jews of Drohobych, only a few hundred survivors were left. Today Yad Vashem has given the title of People's Ruler of the world to Jan and Zophiia Savinski and their children Edward, Tadeush and Pavlina, as well as Bartolomey Stetsyk. The Savinskis family is one of the Polish Righteous Among the Nations. Batolomey Stetsyk has increased the number of Ukrainian Righteous Among the Nations.

The Myth of Openness and Secrecy in Intimate Relationships: The Case of Spouses of Mixed-Orientation Marriage

ABSTRACTThe phenomenon of mixed-orientation marriages, in which one of the partners is straight and the other is non-straight, is invisible, yet not insignificant. Focusing on gay and bisexual men who are married to straight women, this article was designed to explore one of the essential themes in their relationship: the dynamics between secrecy and openness regarding the men’s sexual orientation and gay practices. Based on the phenomenological paradigm, 38 men and eight women of mixed-orientation marriages in Israel were interviewed and shared their subjective life reality. Six patterns of secrecy and openness were identified, including complete secrecy, conspiracy of silence, initiated concealment (of the husband and wife), disloyalty/violation of the agreement, selective sharing, and complete openness. The findings challenge the idea that secrecy is detrimental and openness is beneficial in the context of mixed-orientation marriages. Findings are discussed within the framework of the dialectical approach.

Dudley Clarke’s official history of military deception, 1944–1945

This article analyses an episode in the development of intelligence official history in Britain. While an official history of intelligence in the Second World War was not approved until the 1970s, the idea had been pursued seriously in 1945 by Brigadier Dudley Clarke. Clarke had been the chief of deception operations in the Mediterranean theatre, and wanted to develop an official history and film recounting some of the exploits of his unit. This article argues that Clarke’s proposals, which were ultimately rejected by the Joint Intelligence Committee and the Chiefs of Staff, showed a prescient understanding of the power of official history, recognized that complete secrecy would be counter-productive, and are thus an important early milestone in the evolution of intelligence official history.

Medical Evidence in Dowry Deaths: An Evaluation by Indian Courts

Dowry Death has been one of the most barbaric forms of cruelty inflicted on young brides in the matrimonial home. Over the years, it assumed dangerous proportions calling for immediate legislative changes. Supreme Court judgment dated 11th Oct 2006 held that the demand for dowry or money from the parents of the bride has shown a phenomenal increase in last few years. Cases are frequently coming before the Courts, where the husband or in-laws have gone to the extent of killing the bride if the demand is not met. These crimes are generally committed in complete secrecy inside the house and it becomes very difficult for the prosecution to lead evidence.

Central bank transparency and financial market expectations: The case of emerging markets

In this paper, we study how central bank transparency influences the formation of money market expectations in emerging markets. The sample covers 25 countries for the period from January 1998 to December 2009. We find, first, that transparency reduces the bias (the difference between the money market rate and the weighted expected target rate over the contract period) in money market expectations. The effect is larger for countries with no exchange rate peg and countries with low income. Second, an intermediate level of transparency is found to have the most favorable influence on money market expectations: neither complete secrecy nor complete transparency is optimal. Finally, all subcategories of the Eijffinger and Geraats (2006) index lead to a smaller bias in expectations, with political transparency having the largest effect.

Low-overhead Secure Network Coding based on Chaotic Sequence

A minimum overhead secure network coding based on chaotic sequence is presented in this paper. And only the source need to be modified, intermediate nodes implement a classical distributed ne twork code. So the proposed scheme is applied to all the linear network coding. Combine the chaotic sequence with original source information vector, because of the high randomness and the sensitivity to initial state of chaotic sequence, the presented network code is One-Time Pad (OTP). So the secure network coding achieves complete secrecy. This scheme requires only one noisy symbol to be embedded in the original information symbol vector to achieve complete secrecy. The theoretical analysis confirm that this sch eme can achieve the information-theoretic security condition and the signalling overhead to obtain complete security is minimized, while the atta cker has limited wiretapping ability.

La antesala de las sombras

The plot of the short novel La mano en la trampa (Beatriz Guido, 1961) is about a young woman who becomes a heroine while trying to find out the truth about a family secret known as “El Opa.” Her work as a spy needs to be done in complete secrecy. Her family is behind her and she needs to escape from censorship. Her family story is similar to Argentina's context at that time when many people had to avoid the control and excessive power of Peron's government. Everything seems to be double in this novel: spaces, characters, life stories, ghosts, vampires, haunting and repressive atmospheres. All of these elements contribute to the gothic spirit in La mano en la trampa that I explore in this article.

Central Bank Transparency and Financial Market Expectations: The Case of Emerging Markets

In this paper, we study how central bank transparency influences the formation of money market expectations in emerging markets. The sample covers 25 countries for the period from January 1998 to December 2009. We find, first, that transparency reduces the bias (the difference between the money market rate and the weighted expected target rate over the contract period) in money market expectations. The effect is larger for countries with no exchange rate peg and countries with low income. Second, an intermediate level of transparency is found to have the most favorable influence on money market expectations: neither complete secrecy nor complete transparency is optimal. Finally, all subcategories of the Eijffinger and Geraats (2006) index lead to a smaller bias in expectations, with political transparency having the largest effect.

Where I Belong (review)

Reviewed by: Where I Belong Karen Coats Cross, Gillian. Where I Belong. Holiday House, 2011. [245p]. ISBN 978-0-8234-2332-3 $17.95 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 7–10. Khadija is heartbroken at leaving behind her beloved Somalia to be educated in London. London-dwelling Abdi, who at fourteen is the man of the house now that his father is dead, agrees that his family will, in honor of the bonds between Somali in exile, take responsibility for Khadija and treat her as a sister. Teenaged Freya is the neglected but devoted daughter of the famous fashion designer, Sandy Dexter, whose latest obsession is with the artistic possibilities of clothes that completely hide the woman inside. Narration rotates among these three young people, who are linked together when Sandy discovers Khadija on the streets of London. She wants Khadija at the center of a new designer collection and insists on complete secrecy as part of the deal; the point of her collection is that no one will ever see her model’s face beneath the veil. A careless email sets international forces in motion, however, and soon Khadija’s brother Mahmoud is kidnapped for a hefty ransom that his Somali captors are sure the famous British designer will pay. Ripped from the headlines of both network news and tabloid fare, this fast-moving, suspenseful collision of two worlds—the drought-plagued poverty of Somalia and the extreme extravagance of haute couture—throws each into a dizzying critique of multiple kinds of exploitation, including, ultimately, the complex relationships between children and parents where economics and art are concerned. Of course, that level of interpretation only comes from stepping back from the story itself, which is [End Page 412] riveting from first to last. Readers will be suspicious of the guilty adults long before the characters are, a fact that imbues the story with a sense of dread as the situation reaches its climax. Cross’ use of the high-interest topic of high fashion proves a masterstroke in drawing attention to a pressing international problem; readers will relish the suspense even as they absorb some chilling global implications. Copyright © 2011 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Double-edged transparency in teams

In a team project with significant complementarities between various players' individual tasks, news of early success by some encourages others to push ahead with their own tasks while lack of success has the opposite effect. This ex-post disparity in incentives created gives rise to two differing implications, ex ante, for an ideal team transparency. Sometimes it is better to commit to complete secrecy within the team of the various participants' interim progress as it mitigates the negative effect of failures. In some other situations, commitment to full disclosure is better as players are then encouraged to be proactive by exerting efforts in the early rounds and motivate other team members into continued activities by way of interim progress. Transparency (of outcomes) has thus double edges — it can boost incentives or dampen incentives.