Complete Ration Research Articles

Performance, Feeding Behavior, and Nutrient Utilization of Different Goat Breeds Fed Creep Feed

Introduction: Feed is one of the main factors to improve animal production. The utilization of feed is depended on quality, quantity, type, breed, and rate of passage of feed. This study aimed to evaluate the performance, feeding behavior, and nutrient utilization of growing Etawah crossbred and Senduro goats fed different forms of starter concentrate of creep feed. Materials and methods: Twelve local growing goats were used in this study, consist of six Etawah crossbred and six Senduro goats with average body weight 20 ± 1.57 kg from both sex, fed different forms of creep feed for three month. This study was designed by factorial randomized completely block design 2x2. The first factor was type of creep feed form (mash and pellet), and the second factor was the type of goat breeds (Etawah crossbred and Senduro). The complete ration consisted of 70% creep feed containing black soldier fly (BSF) meal and BSF oil plus 30% elephant grass. The variables observed were feeding behavior nutrient consumption, digestibility, blood metabolites, and performance. Results: The results showed that there was no interaction between the creep feed forms and the goat breeds in all variables. The form of creep feed had a significant effect on prehension and mastication and the pellet form had higher prehension and mastication compare to mash from but it had no significant effect on nutrient consumption and digestibility. Performance and blood metabolites were same in all treatments, except for the feed efficiency of Senduro goats had higher than Etawah crossbred goats. Conclusion: In conclusion, giving creep feed containing BSF larvae meal and oil in starter concentrate as pellet forms resulted a lower prehension and higher mastication, but has higher prehension and lower mastication for mash type. The performance and blood metabolites were are not different in all treatment groups.

Quality Wafer Fiber Fraction from Sago Dregs with Various Types of Adhesives and Storage Times

This study aims to determine the quality of nutrition in the form of wafer-shaped feed fiber fractions using different types of adhesives and storage times. This study used an experimental method using Factorial RAL. Factor A was storage time of 0, 7, and 14 days and factor B was tapioca adhesive, wheat flour and rice flour. The results showed that factor A (storage time) had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the decrease in the content of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin and hemicellulose. Furthermore, factor B addition of adhesive material also had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the decrease in the content of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin and hemicellulose. The conclusion of this study is that the addition of sago pulp content up to 30% can reduce the content of the complete ration wafer fiber fraction. The best treatment is the addition of sago pulp level, namely at 14 days of storage using tapioca flour as an adhesive can reduce the nutritional content in the form of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin

CHARACTERISTICS OF IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN THE RAT UNDER CONDITIONS OF TOXIC INJURY WITH ACETAMINOPHEN

The aim of this work was to to determine the integral leukocyte indices in animals with toxic damage by acetaminophen on the background of protein deficiency. The study was conducted on 4 groups of animals: Group I - control animals (K); II – rats kept on a low-protein diet (LPD); ІІІ – animals with acetaminophen-induced liver injury receiving complete ration (AII); IV – animals with acetaminophen-induced liver injury that were previously maintained on semi-synthetic low-protein ration (LPD/AII). Preparation of blood smears, their fixation and staining was carried out by the generally accepted method. The ratio of different types of leukocytes in stained blood smears was calculated using a standard method using a leukocyte counter and a microscope (eyepiece × 10, objective × 100). Standard formulas were used to calculate integral hematological indices. It was established that the supply of protein in the diet is critical for the functioning of the immune system under conditions of acetaminophen intoxication, since under these conditions there is a change in leukocyte indices, in particular, the index of immunoreactivity, the index of leukocyte shift, the index of the ratio of neutrophils and lymphocytes, the index of the reactive response of neutrophils, which indicates the intensification of inflammatory processes in the body and the formation of defects in the cellular link of immunity, disruption of the mechanisms of the specific immune response and the formation of a state of endotoxicosis. The obtained results can be used to develop approaches to the early diagnosis of impaired immunoreactivity in animals with toxic damage by acetaminophen against the background of dietary protein deficiency, while the studied integral hematological indicators can be used as additional early diagnostic markers of impaired immunoreactivity and endotoxicosis. Key words: acetaminophen, dietary protein deficiency, leukocytes, immunoreactivity indices

The Effects of Saturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Reproductive Performance and Reproductive Hormonal Changes in Dairy Cows at the Transition Period

Reproductive success is crucial in dairy farming as it heavily relies on the consumption of a complete mixed ration for the diet. The current study investigated the effects of adding saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to dairy cows' diets on reproductive performance and reproductive hormones during the transition period. A total of 30 Holstein dairy cows were randomly divided into three groups (10 animals in each group), based on parity and body condition score. The cows had an initial body weight of 567.5 ± 40.3 kg (mean ± SD), a body condition score of 3.5 ± 0.26 out of 5 (mean ± SD), and a parity of 1.7 ± 0.02 (mean ± SD). The control group received a balanced ration meeting all the nutrient requirements according to the National Research Council (NRC) guidelines. The SFA group received 1.4% of dry matter (DM) as palm oil (RumiFat®), while the omega group had 5% of DM as safflower (a source of n-6 fatty acids) added from 21 days before parturition to 21 days after, and 4% of DM as flaxseed (a source of n-3 fatty acids) added from 21 to 42 days after parturition. In the Omega group, estradiol concentration significantly increased on artificial insemination (AI) day (12.54 pg/mL). Additionally, serum prostaglandin F2-alpha concentration was significantly higher in the omega group (0.732 pg/mL on day 7 and 1.68 pg/mL on day 14) compared to other groups. The control group exhibited the highest progesterone concentrations at 14 and 21 days post-calving compared to the other groups, other groups. whereas the omega group highest concentration five days after AI. The omega group also showed a significantly higher mean number of follicles >10mm and larger ovulatory follicle diameter. Moreover, a higher percentage of pregnant cows at 120 days in milk, fewer open days, and lower service per conception were observed in the omega group compared to the other groups. In conclusion, supplementing dairy cows' diets with PUFAs during the transition period positively influenced ovarian function, hormone levels, and reproductive performance.

Empowering Goat Farming: Implementing Complete Silage Rations from Local Resources in Talawi Hilie Village

Empowering Goat Farming: Implementing Complete Silage Rations from Local Resources in Talawi Hilie Village

Feeding ration of yaks of the Kyrgyz population and its influence on the biochemical composition of milk

Yaks are the large herbivorous ruminants that live in high mountain pastures at altitudes from 2,000 to 4,000 m above sea level. This environment is quite harsh, and yaks calmly tolerate extreme cold — down to minus 40 ºС. The main food of yaks are herbaceous plants, the vegetation season of which in a cold mountain climate is short, about 3–4 months, and therefore they feed mostly on wilted pasture, which is, in principle, sufficient for these animals. At the end of winter, when the amount of pasture feed decreases, the animals become malnourished and lose weight. Therefore, yak farmers often face the need to feed their animals in winter. A complete ration of an animal, along with other factors, has a significant impact on the composition of milk and its productive ability. The aim of the work is to study the chemical composition, in particular the protein fraction, of the milk of yaks living in the mountainous regions of Kyrgyzstan in comparison with the milk of yaks from different regions of the world. The object of the study was milk of yaks inhabiting the highland regions of Naryn province of Kyrgyzstan. Samples were collected and tested according to standard methods. Studies have shown that the milk of yaks from the Kyrgyz population contains more protein (5.66%) than milk from yaks in the mountains of China, Russia and Mongolia (4.95, 4.55 and 5.3%, respectively). Milk we studied is high in amino acids such as methionine, lysine, proline, phenylalanine, and alanine. Seasonal (spring, summer) changes in the protein composition (whey proteins, casein proteins), amino acid profile, total nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen of yak milk were also studied. The total content of amino acids in the milk of Kyrgyz female yaks is noticeably higher in spring (6189.96 mg/100 g) than in summer (5101.47 mg/100 g). The research results presented in this article showed that the milking season and the associated feeding ration of yaks affects the composition of milk, which is associated with the nutritional value of grass feed and its nutrient content. Spring milk contains more proteins and amino acids than summer milk, which is due to the high protein content of plants in the spring period before the flowering phase. Milk of Kyrgyz yak with proven high nutritional and biological value is an alternative to cow milk.

The utilization of pineapple hump extracts in complete feeds on the quality of free-board rabbit meat.

The study aimed to identify the effect of pineapple hump extracts in different doses on increasing the chemical and physical quality of rabbit meat. The research stages were carried out with maintenance for two months using a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and five replicates. P0 = complete ration without pineapple hump extract; P1 = complete ration with the addition of 0.2% pineapple hump extract; P2 = complete ration with the addition of 0.4% pineapple hump extract; and P3 = complete ration with the addition of 0.6% pineapple hump extract. The variables observed were the chemical quality of meat (pH, moisture, carbohydrate, fat, and protein content in rabbit meat), and the physical quality (water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss). The data were analyzed using SAS, with significantly different results subjected to Duncan's further testing. The addition of 0.4% pineapple hump extract in rabbit complete rations had a very significant effect on the WHC of 71.62%. The addition of 0.6% pineapple hump extract also had a significant effect on the protein content of meat, increasing it by 19.17%. The effects of pineapple hump extract up to 0.6% in a complete diet of weaned rabbits have a positive effect on the physical and chemical quality of rabbit meat, especially on the protein and water-holding capacity of rabbit meat.

PRODUCTIVITY OF TURKEYS AT DIFFERENT RATIOS OF LYSINE AND METHIONINE IN COMPOUND FEED

The article examines the effect of using complete ration compound feed with different ratios of lysine and methionine on the productivity of turkeys. Experimental studies were performed on turkeys of the BIG 6 cross-breeding meat direction. Five experimental groups of birds were formed by the method of analog groups at the age of one day. The experiment lasted 126 days and was divided into two periods: comparative (7 days) and main (119 days). During the comparative period, the experimental turkeys consumed feed of the control group. In the main period of the experiment, the proportion of methionine relative to lysine decreased or increased by 5 or 10% according to growing periods. It was established that the different ratio of lysine and methionine in compound feed for turkeys affects its productivity in different ways. In particular, at the end of the experiment, at the age of 126 days, the highest live weight was achieved by turkeys that consumed compound feed with an increase in the proportion of methionine relative to lysine by 5 and 10% - they outnumbered the counterparts of the control group, respectively, by 5.9 (p<0.05) and 3.6%. Poultry that received compound feed with a reduced proportion of methionine relative to lysine by 10 and 5% were inferior to control peers by 4.4 (p<0.05) and 2.2%, respectively, according to the mentioned indicator. The description of the growth of turkeys using mathematical methods confirmed the S-shaped ascending shape of the growth curve with high coefficients of determination for each experimental group. It was found that in almost all periods of the experiment, turkeys that consumed compound feed with a higher level of methionine relative to lysine prevailed in terms of average daily live weight gains of their counterparts fed compound feed with a lower proportion of methionine relative to lysine. In general, turkeys that consumed compound feed with an increase in the proportion of methionine relative to lysine by 5 and 10% were characterized by higher average daily live weight gains - it exceeded the control analogues by the mentioned indicator by an average of 4.6 and 2.2%, respectively. Turkeys that received combined feed with a reduced proportion of methionine relative to lysine by 10 and 5% were inferior to peers of the 1st group by 4.3 and 2.1%, respectively. It was established that the relationship between the ratio of lysine and methionine in compound feed for young turkeys and its average daily weight gain is described by a polynomial line with a reliable approximation coefficient R2=1. At the same time, the correlation analysis showed that there is a direct average relationship between these phenomena (rs =0.64, p˂0.05).

USE OF RYE SILAGE AND BREWER’S GRAINS IN DAIRY COW DIETS

It has been established that the use of wet brewer’s grains and rye silage in feeding dairy cows allows to optimize crude protein content and significantly reformulate the daily feeding of protein ingredients of mixed fodder from 130 g/l of milk to 90 g/l of milk, which, provides a significant reduction in the daily cost of the dairy cow’s diet accordingly. At the same time, the dry matter content of the diet is reduced to 35.0%, and moister diet is consumed by a cow with increased appetite. In addition, the strong point of diets based on wet brewer’s grains and rye silage is the absence of starch in their composition. It allows to ensure the content of total starch at the level of 20.0% of the dry matter of the ration to formulate a complete mixed ration. Even against the background of higher sugar content in rye silage compared to maize silage, such diets have the appropriate total starch + sugar content which prevents metabolic disorders such as acidosis and will have a positive impact on the duration of productive use of cows. Taking into account the mineral and vitamin composition of typical and innovative diets for cows during lactation, it was found that diets based on maize silage and alfalfa haylage contain more natural calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, zinc, as opposed to rations based on rye silage, which are richer in natural sodium, potassium, chlorine, sulfur, iron, manganese, cobalt, selenium and iodine.

Sanitary, hygienic, and welfare aspects of keeping Pomeranian Spitz in a breeding private kennel

The market situation regarding the breeding of decorative dogs of the Pomeranian breed and providing consumers with appropriate services in this field of activity dictate the rules and create the conditions of competition between market participants, which encourages improvement, development, and constant monitoring of it in terms of novelties and needs that provide opportunities for comfortable care and decent maintenance of pupils. The work aimed to analyze the impact of sanitary and hygienic factors and ensuring healthy housing conditions on the functional state of the body and mental health of Pomeranian Spitz dogs in the conditions of the private breeding kennel Fluffy Luxury Pom in the suburbs of Lviv. To fulfill this task, a study of the hygienic parameters of the air environment, compliance with the hygiene of feeding and drinking of the wards, peculiarities of the care of the wool coat, and compliance with the concept of animal welfare – the principle of “Five Freedoms” was carried out. It has been established that the technological solutions for keeping Pomeranian Spitz dogs in the conditions of this kennel are characterized by compliance with hygienic requirements for the air environment at the proper level and meeting sanitary standards. Thus, the air temperature was 17 °C, and its movement speed was 0.15 m/s. In the absence of the smell of ammonia, the illuminance ratio corresponded to 1:2. The animals are fed with industrial complete ration super premium 1st Choice feed, the use of which, according to recommendations, helps dogs strengthen the immune system, slow down the aging process, maintain health and activity. This type of food requires constant free access of dogs to clean water, and the containers are kept clean by changing the filling every day. Regarding the quality characteristics of the water, it was established that it fully meets the standard. Dogs of this breed are characterized by a beautiful, lush coat requiring special care. Evaluating the level of compliance with individual hygienic procedures, it was established that they are carried out at a high level, as evidenced by the appearance of the animals. According to the statements of John Webster, the welfare of animals is defined by advocating the main three conditions - to live a natural life, to be healthy, and to be happy. The dogs in this kennel are provided with a good life; the behavioral reactions of the wards themselves confirm this. During the research, the dogs behaved calmly, naturally, and playfully, which indicates the socialization of dogs; the purpose is to make the pet feel comfortable and calm in various life situations without causing trouble to its owner and his surroundings.

Assessment of Banana Stem (Musa paradisiaca) and Urea Treated Paddy Straw Based Complete Rations for Growing Crossbred Calves

Assessment of Banana Stem (Musa paradisiaca) and Urea Treated Paddy Straw Based Complete Rations for Growing Crossbred Calves

Saving and productivity of broiler chickens for feeding an optimal dose of zinc proteinate

On the basis of conducted scientific research, it was set that the use of inorganic salts of trace elements in animal and poultry feed leads to environmental pollution with heavy metals due to their low biological availability for the animal organism. Therefore, in recent years, a number of investigations have been conducted to study the effectiveness of using organic trace elements in animal and poultry feed. The article deals with the results of a scientific and economic experiment on the investigation of the influence of domestically produced zinc proteinate in combination with zinc sulfate on indicators of preservation, growth intensity and feed conversion in broiler chickens. Broiler chickens of the control group were fed with a complete ration balanced in terms of necessary nutrients, in accordance with the age periods of the growth of the poultry, with the addition of 50 g per ton of zinc sulfate. Then, the broiler chickens of the research groups were received the same compound feed, but with the addition of 50 g and 30 g per ton of zinc proteinate compound feed. The live weight of broiler chickens of the research groups was significantly higher than the control. At the age of one week, it tended to increase in the chickens of the 2nd and 3rd research groups, and at the age of 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days, the live weight of the chickens of the 3rd research group exceeded the live weight of the poultry of the control group, respectively , by 15.8 g (Р < 0.05); 37.0 (P < 0.01); 96.8 (P < 0.05); 115.9 (P < 0.01) and 177.7 g (P < 0.05), or by 4.7 %, 4.6, 7.6, 6.5 and 7.1 %, while the chickens of the 2nd research group at this time exceeded the control group chickens in terms of live weight, but were slightly behind the peers of the 3rd research group. The researched doses of zinc proteinate contributed to the increase in the preservation of poultry stock by 4–5 %, the average daily weight gain of broilers in the research groups compared to the control, respectively, by 5.1–7.2 %. The European index of efficiency of broiler chickens growing for zinc proteinate feeding was increased by 48.4 and 76.7 units compared to the control group which were fed with zinc sulfate and at the same time feed costs per 1 kg of growth was decreased by 2.4–3.2 %.

Growth Performance and Feed Intake Assessment of Italian Holstein Calves Fed a Hay-Based Total Mixed Ration: Preliminary Steps towards a Prediction Model.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a complete hay-based total mixed ration (TMR) for calves, focusing on their feed intake, animal growth performance, and fecal output, and to develop a preliminary estimation equation for solid feed intake and body weight in Holstein heifer calves. Twenty female Italian Holstein calves (37.14 ± 2.72 kg) born between February and July were studied from the day of birth until 77 days of age. From the fourth day of life, they were fed 3 L/day of pasteurized milk twice daily and supplemented with the same hay-based TMR. The data on feed intake, fecal characteristics, and growth performances were collected and showed that these calves had adequate parameters. Moreover, the data collected was used to create equations to predict body weight and solid feed intake using a mixed model. The goodness of fit of the developed equations was evaluated by coefficients of determinations (R2). The equation obtained shows high R2 (0.98 for solid feed intake and 0.99 for calf weight), indicating the satisfactory precision and accuracy needed to predict female calves' body weight and solid feed intake.

Pemanfaatan Silase Ransum Komplit Berbasis Ampas Tebu (Bagasse), Indigofera dan Molases sebagai Pakan Alternatif

Bagasse has not been utilized optimally because it has low nutrient content, it was necessary to add feed ingredients such as indigofera which has high nutrition and molasses was needed for further processing utilizing anaerobic fermentation or silage. This study aims to determine the nutritional quality of complete ration silage based on bagasse, indigofera and molasses with different compositions. Silage was carried out at the Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. The proximate test was carried out at the Laboratory of the Center for Biological Resources and Biotechnology Research, Agricultural University of Bogor. This study used a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors, each treatment unit was repeated 3 times. Factor A was the level of bagasse + indigofera, namely A1 = 100% bagasse + 0% indigofera; A2 = 50% bagasse + 50% indigofera; A3 = 75% bagasse + 25% indigofera and factor B was the level of molasses, namely B0 = 5% molasses and B1 = 10% molasses. The variables measured were crude fat, ash content and BETN. The data obtained were analyzed based on analysis of variance by using Duncan's test at 5% and 1%. The results of this study indicated that there was an interaction between factor A and factor B (P<0.01) on crude fat content, ash content, and BETN. Factor A had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the crude fat content, ash content, and BETN. Factor B had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on crude fat and BETN, but did not affect the ash content. It was concluded that treatment A2, namely the composition of bagasse 50% + 50% indigofera and treatment B0, namely molasses 5%, obtained the best results.

Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillia of NAAS: formation and present

Purpose. To highlight the contribution of scientists of the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillia of NAAS to the development of scientific support for the feed industry in Ukraine, summarize the main scientific achievements. Methods. The analysis of formation and development of the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillia of was carried out on the basis of archival documents, periodicals and monographic publications with the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis) and historical (problematicchronological) research methods. Results. The evolutionary development of the scientific support of the feed production industry in Ukraine is shown through the prism of spatio-temporal fundamental and applied research carried out according to the competitive programs of scientific studies commissioned by the ministries and agencies of Ukraine. An analytical review of the main achievements of the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillia of NAAS specialists in the development of scientific approaches to feed production was carried out. Significant achievements of scientists in the separate areas of feed production are outlined: selection and seed production, field and pasture production, procurement and preservation of feeds, ensuring their quality and safety, forming complete rations for high-performance livestock breeding. Publication activity of the researchers during the Institution's existence is characterized. The historical aspect of the Institute personnel management formation is revealed. Practical significance of the specialists in agricultural production scientific developments implementation has been assessed. Conclusions. Contribution of the researchers of the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillia of NAAS to the development of feed production as a science is indisputable. The path taken by the staff of the Institute is the path of creative searches of its scientists, researchers, managers to solve the problems of production, procurement, preservation and use of feeds and development of relevant state programs, concepts and forecasts.

Peningkatan performan entog dengan pemberian ransum komplit berbasis batang pisang

Muscovy duck was in demand by breeders because of easy maintenance, fast growth, and quick yielding. But muscovy ducks have a high level of ration consumption, resulting in high production costs. An alternative solution used cheap, abundant, and good feed nutrient ingredients, including banana stems. The objective of the research was to obtain the best performance of muscovy duck served a complete ration based on banana stems. The method used was an experimental method with a completely randomized design to 100 ducks with 5 treatments and 4 replication P0 (ration without (0%) banana stems), P1 (ration containing 25% banana stems), P2 (ration containing 50% banana stems), P3 (ration containing banana stems 75%), and P4 (85% banana stems). Maintenance of muscovy duck started from 4 to 12 weeks of age. The variables observed were ration consumption, body weight, and ration conversion. The results showed that the muscovy duck which was served a complete ration containing 50% stems showed the best musk performance, including ration consumption of 31,42+0,00 kg, daily ration consumption 52,37+0,00 gram/day, bodyweight of 24,27+0,00 kg, body weight gain 40,46+0,01 gram/day and ration conversion of 1.29+0,00. In conclusion, the best complete muscovy duck ration contains 50% banana stems.

Implementasi Teknologi pada Aspek Pakan dan Pemasaran di Kelompok Usaha Ransum Pakan Ternak di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman

The community engagement team of the Animal Science Faculty of Andalas University conducted community services in the Animal Feed Ration Business group in Jorong Batang Sarik, Nagari Katapiang, Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency. The problems in the target group were 1) the business group still needs to get a permit to do business, and 2) it still needs to gain skills in processing feed for cattle based on agricultural waste. The activity aimed to assist business groups in obtaining Business Permit Numbers (BPN) and transferring agricultural waste-based feed technology for beef cattle. The transfer of knowledge and technology in service activities was carried out by mentoring, demonstration, and training methods regularly and continuously. The action resulted that the target group having a business permit in the form of BPN and the business group having knowledge and skills in producing feed for beef cattle in the form of Complete Ration Silage (CRS) based on corn straw.

Excretion and residue depletion of cannabinoids in beef cattle fed hempseed cake for 111 days

Thirty-two crossbred heifers were fed either a control diet or 20% (dry matter basis) hempseed cake in a complete ration for 111 days; of the cattle fed hempseed cake, four each were harvested with 0, 1, 4, and 8-day withdrawal periods. Urine and plasma were collected during the feeding and withdrawal periods and liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue were collected at harvest. Total cannabinoid (n = 10) concentration of hempseed cake averaged 11.3 ± 11.7 mg kg−1 across the feeding period with total cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol (CBD/THC) concentrations of 1.3 ± 0.8 mg kg−1. Neutral cannabinoids (cannabinol [CBN], CBD/THC, and cannabidivarin [CBDV]) were not detected in plasma or urine, but CBD/THC was measured in adipose tissue at all withdrawal periods (6.3 ± 2.1 to 10.1 ± 2.5 ng g−1). In contrast, cannabinoid acids (cannabinolic acid [CBNA], cannabidiolic acid [CBDA]/tetrahydrocannabinolic acid [THCA], cannabichromenic acid [CBCA], and cannabidivarinic acid [CBDVA]) were sporadically detected (<15 ng mL−1) in plasma and urine of cattle fed hempseed cake. Cannabinoid acids were depleted from liver by withdrawal day 4, but could still be measured (<1 ng g−1) in kidney of some animals harvested on withdrawal day 8. Assessment of human exposures to CBD/THC residues through the consumption of beef fat from animals fed hempseed cake suggests that the probability of consuming the equivalent of an acute reference dose (ARfD) is remote, even with the use of a conservative reference dose ARfD (1 μg kg−1 body weight).

ASSESSMENT OF HIGH-PROTEIN QUALITY FEED ADDITIVES FROM BY-PRODUCTS MANUFACTURE OF SUNFLOWER OIL

The article states that until 2022, Ukraine will occupy the first place in the world food market in the production of sunflower, sunflower oil and export of sunflower oil. The production of sunflower has always been sufficiently profitable, and the products of its processing competitive on the domestic and world markets. They are also an important component of food and feed protein resources. The production of complete ration compound feed for farm animals and poultry is restrained by a shortage of protein components, a low level of sanitary and hygienic safety of protein raw materials of animal origin. This leads to a decrease in the efficiency of feed, their costs and, as it should be, a shortage of livestock products. Cake and meal are high-protein raw materials, which are obtained in the amount of 1/3 of the mass of processed seeds during the production of sunflower oil. The fodder value of sunflower cake and meal is given. Factors that negatively affect the nutritional value and availability of nutrients of sunflower meal in the feed of farm animals and poultry were analyzed. The choice of components for the production of high-protein feed additive is theoretically justified. The indicators of the quality of sunflower seeds and by-products of their processing, which meet the requirements of DSTU, have been determined. On the basis of theoretical and experimental data, a structural scheme for the production of a high-protein feed supplement based on sunflower cake and meal is proposed, which involves the preliminary preparation of the by-products of sunflower oil production - cake and meal, with the following dosage in the amount: 75% sunflower meal, 10% sunflower cake and 15% limestone flour. The physical properties and microbiological indicators of the quality of a highprotein feed additive were experimentally determined, and it was determined that, compared to a loose, granular high-protein feed additive, it has the following advantages: increased nutritional value, has a greater volumetric weight, sanitary quality, which leads to saving space during transportation and better storage.

Потенциал растений-фитобиотиков для развития отечественного животноводства и птицеводства (обзор)

In order to fully realize the genetic potential of the productivity of farm animals, it is necessary to use complete feeding rations, including the introduction of biologically active additives that increase productivity and normalize homeostasis. Currently, various substances are used, including those of plant origin, that reduce the bacterial load, the so-called phytobiotics (phytogenics). More than 800 medicinal plants have been described in pharmacology. They contain a number of biologically active substances: essential oils, tannins, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and have antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory effects. The uniqueness of phytobiotics lies in the fact that they can replace antibiotic growth stimulants in livestock and poultry farming, especially today the search for an alternative to antibiotics is a priority in agriculture. Keywords: PHYTOBIOTICS, FEED, ANTIBIOTICS, BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, FARM POULTRY