Complete Form Research Articles

End of life perspectives: asystematic survey of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is adisease that still has to be primarily treated symptomatically or palliatively. It is therefore all the more important, in addition to initiating treatment, such as percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), noninvasive ventilation therapy (NIVT) and invasive ventilation therapy via tracheotomy (IVT), to discuss the possible termination of these measures early on. What is the importance of advance directives for those affected and where are possible deficits in therapy planning for the end of life? Between March 2017 and January 2019 patients with aclinically confirmed diagnosis of ALS at six treatment centers were asked to fill out aquestionnaire. Atotal of 328 people returned the completed forms. Of the participants 72% had already made an advance directive (AD), 25% planned to fill one out and only 3% refused to do so. In composing the AD most patients (90%) had support, although 56% lacked medical counselling and only 18% had drawn up the will together with the doctor and relatives, with the majority of the rest also wanting support from adoctor. Atotal of 37% of all patients wanted acontact person to talk about their illness but only 40% of them had such acontact person. Of the patients 22% stated that they had considered suicide and of these only 55% stated that they had no contact person for the psychological stress caused by the illness but 31% wished to have such aperson. Acoordinated care of ALS patients, which also takes the psychosocial aspects into account is urgently needed.

A visual form of completeness of real numbers

This paper gives a new characterisation of completeness of real numbers, which provides a visual way to understand some concepts in mathematical analysis.

‘Better a Lebemeister than a Thousand Lesemeister’: On the History of a Phrase in Heidegger, Landauer, and Eckhart

ABSTRACT This essay begins by examining Martin Heidegger’s and Gustav Landauer’s influential interpretations of Eckhart as a Lebemeister, a ‘master or teacher of living’. The essay then turns to the source on which they both rely, a source that may be the earliest attestation of the use of the word Lebemeister. This source, which is little known in its complete form, is all more noteworthy as it contrasts the figure of the Lebemeister with that of the Lesemeister, the ‘master or teacher of reading’. (Lese refers literally to ‘reading’; we might also say ‘letters’, in the sense of a ‘person of letters’ who possesses extensive book learning.) Commenting on this source, the essay interrogates to what extent Heidegger and Landauer do justice to it. It concludes with a reflection on how best to label Eckhart, above all in view of the ultimate master: Jesus Christ.

In-Situ Form Metrology of Structured Composite Surfaces Using Hybrid Structured-Light Measurement with a Novel Calibration Method

Accurately measuring the form of structured composite surfaces in situ is critical for advanced manufacturing in various engineering fields. However, challenges persist in achieving precision, miniaturization, and calibration using current structured light techniques. In this work, a hybrid structured light with compact configuration is proposed for the in-situ and embedded form metrology of structured composite surfaces. The proposed technique contains three subsystems: phase-measuring deflectometry (PMD), fringe projection profilometry (FPP), and stereo vision. The PMD subsystem accurately reconstructs the form data of specular surfaces based on the principle of structured light reflection, and the FPP subsystem measures rough surfaces by projecting structured light onto them. Output data from these subsystems are then stitched to reconstruct a complete form of the measured composite surfaces. The compact configuration is explored to reduce the system volume to improve the technique’s portability and embedded measurement ability. With the stereo vision subsystem as an intermediary, a novel calibration method is applied for calculating the relations among the subsystems to improve the hybrid structured light system’s calibration and data stitching accuracy between PMD and FPP subsystems. Three calibration tools are designed and manufactured for the proposed calibration technique. A portable metrology prototype based on the proposed hybrid structured light technique’s principle and configuration is also developed and then calibrated using the novel calibration method. An embedded measurement experiment in a diamond turning machine demonstrates that the proposed techniques can achieve 400 nm form accuracy in specular surface measurement.

Iron Seller Activities in Riverbank Communities in South Kuin Village

The background of the iron sellers in the riverbank is a human unit or group of people living in along the riverbank. Their lives are dominated by river culture. However, the life of the Bantaran Sungai community in Kuin Selatan Village, Banjarmasin, gives a different and very interesting nuance. There are forms of economic activity in the area that indirectly do not influent in the river for the spring of life, but present a complete form of economic activity, both from production and distribution and consumption activities. This is reflected in the economic activity of iron craftsmen. The points at this research were: (1.) To discover out what kinds of goods were made by iron sellers in Kuin Selatan Village, (2.) To find out the making, marketing and usage activities take out by iron sellers at Kuin Selatan Village, (3.) To discover out the ways of making iron by iron sellers. Descriptive qualitative method was used in the research to illustrate the economic activities of the riverbank groups in Kuin Selatan Village. The person in this research were iron craftsmen. The research instrument consisted of observation guides and interviews made by the researchers themselves. The data analysis technique used is data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. Test the validity of the data using time triangulation, sources and data collection techniques.The conclusions appear that the interesting economic activity of the riverbank groups in Kuin Selatan Town was ironmonger. Its economic activities contain: (1.) production activities, (2.) marketing activities, (3.) usage activities. The making activities of the iron craftsmen are in the form of agricultural tools such as hoes, crowbars, machetes, sickles, and also in the form of household utensils such as frying pans, knives and panicles. In addition, other products include bolts, drills, truck elbows, hinges, valves, drums and containers. Distribution activities can be seen in the acquisition of raw materials and distribution of production results to consumers. The form of distribution of goods is carried out directly or indirectly. Obtaining nail materials indirectly through collectors, while the distribution of manufactured goods through agents. The consumption activities of iron craftsmen are carried out directly, namely buyers come directly to the craftsmen to buy the goods they produce and indirectly, namely traders buy to be resold to the market to consumers. The conclusion reached by these iron sellers is that we can get to know the processing of iron goods which can be made into several kinds of tools to break down gold such as drums and valves for example, accompanied by activation of production, distribution and consumption

Cortical brain potentials in response to lower limb proprioceptive stimuli in young adults with probable developmental coordination disorder

BackgroundProprioceptive deficits have been shown to underlie motor problems in individuals with a probable developmental coordination disorder (pDCD). Behavioral studies have employed response times to passive limb movement to evaluate proprioceptive function in individuals with pDCD. However, the underlying neural mechanisms involved in the cortical processing of proprioceptive input and its corresponding motor response are unclear. To address this issue, this study aims to investigate neuropsychological and neurophysiological performances using event-related potentials (ERP) on proprioceptive-motor tasks in young adults with pDCD. MethodsFrom a total of 149 young adults screened using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2nd Edition Complete Form (BOT-2), 12 individuals with pDCD were identified (mean age ± SD: 20.50 ± 1.08 years) along with 12 age- and sex-matched controls (mean age ± SD: 20.75 ± 1.05 years). Participants placed their dominant foot on a passive ankle motion apparatus that plantarflexed the ankle at a constant velocity of 22°/s for a total of 75 trials in each proprioceptive condition. With vision occluded, participants had to press the trigger button held by the dominant hand when they sensed the passive motion of the ankle (voluntary response, VR), or purely receive the movement without a voluntary response (non-voluntary response, NVR). Behavioral performances [i.e., mean movement detection time (MDTmean), the standard deviation of the movement detection time (MDTSD)] and ERP indices (i.e., N1, P3 amplitude, and latency) related to ankle kinesthetic stimuli were obtained to determine the proprioceptive-motor function. ResultsThe results showed that young adults with pDCD exhibited longer MDTmean (p < 0.001) and MDTSD (p = 0.002) compared to their controls. Electrophysiological indices measured at frontal and central electrode sites, showed that young adults with pDCD exhibited significantly smaller N1 (p = 0.019) and P3 amplitudes (p = 0.032) during VR and NVR conditions. Notably, correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between MDTmean and N1 (r = 0.62, p < 0.001) and P3 amplitudes (r = − 0.55, p = 0.005) in the VR condition in young adults with and without pDCD. ConclusionsThis study sheds light on the central brain mechanisms underlying proprioceptive-motor deficits in young adults with pDCD. The combined analysis of behavioral and ERP data suggests that longer MDTmean and larger MDTSD in young adults with pDCD are associated with weaker proprioceptive afferent inflow shown by decreased N1 amplitude to the frontal and parietal cortices. Such degraded proprioceptive signals are followed by reduced P3 amplitude, suggesting that young adults with pDCD allocate fewer neural resources to modulate motor processes with regard to proprioceptive stimuli. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the neurophysiological basis of proprioceptive-motor deficits in pDCD and may inform the development of targeted sensorimotor interventions.

AEFF-SSC: an attention-enhanced feature fusion for 3D semantic scene completion

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) occupancy perception technology aims to enable autonomous vehicles to observe and understand dense 3D environments. Estimating the complete geometry and semantics of a scene solely from visual images is challenging. However, humans can easily conceive the complete form of objects based on partial key information and their own experience. This ability is crucial for recognizing and interpreting the surrounding environment. To equip 3D occupancy perception systems with a similar capability, a 3D semantic scene completion method called AEFF-SSC is proposed. This method deeply explores boundary and multi-scale information in voxels, aiming to reconstruct 3D geometry more accurately. We have specifically designed an attention-enhanced feature fusion module that effectively fuses image feature information from different scales and focuses on feature boundary information, thereby more efficiently extracting voxel features. Additionally, we introduce a semantic segmentation module driven by a 3D attention-UNet network. This module combines a 3D U-Net network with a 3D attention mechanism. Through feature fusion and feature weighting, it aids in restoring 3D spatial information and significantly improves the accuracy of segmentation results. Experimental verification on the SemanticKITTI dataset demonstrates that AEFF-SSC significantly outperforms other existing methods in terms of both geometry and semantics. Specifically, within a 12.8 m × 12.8 m area ahead, our geometric occupancy accuracy has achieved a significant improvement of 71.58%, and at the same time, the semantic segmentation accuracy has also increased remarkably by 54.20%.

Evaluation of Reporting Quality of Systematic Reviews on Health Economic Evaluation Studies Based on the CHEERS Statement: An Overview of Reviews.

Economic evaluations in healthcare are designed to inform decisions by the estimation of cost and effect trade-off of two or more interventions. We aimed to evaluate the standards of systematic reviews on health economic evaluation studies using the CHEERS (Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Report Standards) tool. We searched the PubMed database with keywords CHEERS and its complete form in combination with keywords related to cost or economic evaluation without language and time limits until November 17, 2021. The CHEERS tool was then used to include systematic reviews. Overall, 32 systematic reviews, included 610 primary studies were included. Of the 32 included studies, only 1 study (3.1%) had poor quality, 5 studies (15.6%) had good quality, remaining studies had very good and excellent quality. Some studies still have problems in expressing the standards. The necessity of standards for reporting economic evaluation studies in the field of health is very serious, and Cheers is one of the most important tools.

Retrospective quality review of Department of Transportation (DOT) commercial drivers medical examination forms.

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of completion among both drivers and medical examiners in filling out Commercial Driver's (CD) Medical Examination Report Forms. This was a cross-sectional retrospective study of abstracted data from the year 2019. CD Medical Examination Report Forms, collected from a single nationally-based employer and initially reviewed by corporate medical directors, were evaluated by the study team for completeness of documentation provided by both drivers and medical examiners (MEs). Relevant findings included unanswered questions, inconsistency between responses, and lack of necessary elaboration for positive responses. Among 1603 examinations, MEs completed the Medical Examination Report Form incompletely or incorrectly in 30% of examinations (n = 484). Drivers inconsistently filled out their health history with elaborations 38.7% of the time. Most commonly, they failed to elaborate on positive health history responses in 28.7% of examinations, but other types of errors were noted as well. A considerable proportion of drivers or examiners (n = 890, 55%) failed to adequately or correctly complete CD Medical Examination Report forms.

The Effect of Implicit Bias on the OB/GYN Residency Application Process.

Background Medical students from racially minoritized backgrounds receive negative evaluations more frequently, possibly from implicit bias. Objective To determine if a preference for White applicants over Asian and Black applicants exists among resident and attending reviewers of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) residency applications. Methods In 2021, we sampled academic OB/GYN physicians from 6 academic institutions to randomly receive questionnaire form A or B, each containing 4 contrived Electronic Residency Application Service profiles stratified by United States Medical Licensing Examination scores; institutions attended; and strength of recommendation letters into top-, mid-, and low-tiers. Form A applicants were White top-tier, White mid-tier without resilience, Asian mid-tier with resilience, and White low-tier. Form B applicants were Black top-tier, Asian mid-tier without resilience, White mid-tier with resilience, and White low-tier applicants. Both questionnaires' profiles were identical except for applicants' names and races. The primary outcome was participants' rankings of applicants from most to least desirable. Baseline characteristics of participants were compared with chi-square tests. Rankings were compared using generalized estimating equations to calculate the odds ratio (significance P<.05). Results One hundred and ninety-one were invited to participate; 109 participants started the questionnaire, and 103 ranked applicants (response rate 54%). Fifty-three participants completed form A, and 56 completed form B. No significant differences were found in participants' demographics. Participants frequently ranked White applicants significantly more highly than Black applicants (-3.3, 95% CI -3.5, -3.1) and Asian applicants (-3.3, 95% CI -3.5, -3.1). Conclusions Despite identical qualifications, a stronger preference for White applicants over Black or Asian applicants was found.

Malnutrition Risk Screening and Dietitian Intervention within an Integrated Care Team for Older Persons

Abstract Background Malnutrition in older adults increases the risk of frailty. Nutritional interventions can improve frailty. A Senior Dietitian joined our Integrated Care for Older Persons Community Specialist Team (ICPOP-CST) in 2022. Our Complete Geriatric Assessment (CGA) form was redesigned in early 2023 which included the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST). We commenced measuring handgrip strength (HGS) in late 2023. We measured the prevalence of malnutrition risk among our patients, audited MST use and explored dietetic service provision. Methods Data from the first 101 patients with a completed (new) CGA form were obtained from the service’s electronic patient database. Patients with a MST score of 0 or 1 were considered to be at low risk of malnutrition and those with a MST score of 2 or more were considered to be at risk of malnutrition. Results The mean age was 84.8±5.3 years and 65% were female. Malnutrition risk was identified in 39 (38.6%) patients. The MST was completed for 96 (95%) patients and completed correctly in 67 (69.8%). The total score was not summed in 26 out of 29 incorrectly completed screening tools (89.7%). Half (51, 50.5%) of the group of older adults received dietetic assessment and intervention. High protein, high calorie advice was provided for 38 (74.5%) of those seen by the ICPOP dietitian and for 29 (93.5 %) of those at risk of malnutrition. Onward referral to primary care dietitians was made for 14 (27.5%) of those seen by the ICPOP dietitian. HGS measurement was performed in 20 patients - 15 (75.0%) were identified to have probable sarcopenia – 11 (73.3%) of these were at risk of malnutrition. All received dietetic intervention in relation to protein and sarcopenia. Conclusion Malnutrition risk and probable sarcopenia are common among older adults referred to our ICPOP-CST team. The MST screening tool is practical and identifies those requiring dietetic intervention.

Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) Status Awareness Among Healthcare Staff For Patient's Under Their Care: A Clinical Audit

Abstract Background The HSE National Consent policy recommends service providers should develop specific mechanisms for the documentation and dissemination of decisions relating to resuscitation. The local hospital guidelines state DNAR orders should be clearly documented in the patient’s records and communicated to relevant staff at nursing handover and clinical rounds. This audit aims to ensure DNAR status is known or easily accessible by healthcare staff if a cardiac arrest occurs. The population age of the wards audited are predominantly &amp;gt;80 years. Methods A questionnaire was distributed to all nursing and medical staff working on the designated wards over a two-week period via SurveyMonkey QRcode (33 responses). The questionnaire contained five multiple choice questions with rating scale responses. Charts containing DNAR forms were reviewed alongside corresponding nursing handover sheet during this period (27 charts). Results 6% of healthcare staff were very confident of DNAR status of patients under their care at the time of survey without accessing medical notes/handover sheet, increasing to 24% with access. 18% reported DNAR status is very easily found in both the medical chart and nursing notes. 82% report the coloured DNAR form (used 56% of the time) is much easier to locate than the photocopy. 89% of forms were attached to the front of medical charts, 7% attached to admission note and 4% unfiled. 33% of patients with signed DNAR forms did not have DNAR status recorded on the nursing handover sheet. Conclusion The confidence among healthcare staff regarding DNAR status of patients under their care is low. This audit highlights that an explicit and reproducible system to relay DNAR information between healthcare staff is not in place. Recommendations for this clinical site include; only keeping original coloured DNAR forms on the ward, ensuring completed forms are at the front of patient charts and creating a DNAR status column on medical and nursing handover sheets.

Puerperium Software for Adolescent Care

This study describes the creation and development of the PUERPERIUM software, which utilizes the General Comfort Questionnaire translated into Brazilian Portuguese and adapted for postpartum adolescents. The software development process followed five steps: (1) requirements elicitation, involving the extraction of functionalities and identification of quality attributes such as usability, reliability, security, and availability; (2) definition of the software project and architecture, including the selection of technologies such as programming languages and services; (3) software implementation; (4) validation, verification, and testing; and (5) deployment. The software development began with identifying the necessary requirements, followed by designing the architecture consisting of the server layer and visualization layer. During implementation, the integration of the General Comfort Questionnaire and the selected technology was achieved. Key features such as authentication screens, a patient grid, instrument completion forms, and reporting tools were developed. The software's logo and overall layout were also designed. Subsequent phases involved validating the software’s appearance, usability, and functionality. The complete implementation will include making server layer elements available online and providing a beta version of the visualization layer on a public platform. The software aids nurses in efficiently and systematically assessing the comfort levels of postpartum adolescents, thereby facilitating care aimed at promoting comfort.

Ten‐year follow‐up of outcomes, patterns of care, and psychosocial burden in adolescent and young adult patients with bone sarcomas from a large cohort in a low‐income and middle‐income country

AbstractBackgroundThe care of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with bone sarcomas involves unique challenges. The objectives of this study were to identify challenges and evaluate long‐term outcomes of these patients from India who received treatment with novel protocols.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included AYA patients (aged 15–39 years) with osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma (ES), who were treated uniformly at the authors' institute using unique protocols (OGS‐12 and EFT‐2001) from 2011 to 2021 and from 2013 to 2018, respectively.ResultsThe cohorts included 688 of 748 (91.9%) treatment‐naive AYA patients with osteosarcoma and 126 of 142 (88.7%) treatment‐naive AYA patients with ES. Among 481 of 561 patients (85.7%) who had nonmetastatic osteosarcoma treated according to protocol, at a median follow‐up of 59.7 months, the 5‐year event‐free survival (5‐EFS) rate was 58.6% (95% confidence interval, 54.1%–63.5%) and for 142 patients (20.6%) who had metastatic osteosarcoma, the 5‐EFS rate was 18.7%. The 5‐EFS rate was 66.4% and 21.9% for 104 patients (73%) with nonmetastatic ES and 38 patients (27%) with metastatic ES, respectively. Treatment‐naive patients had better outcomes, similar to compliance in the form of protocol completion (hazard ratio, 1.93 [p = .0043] and 2.66 [p &lt; .0001], respectively. Only 230 of 377 (61.0%) male patients and 10 of 134 (7.4%) female patients reached out to fertility specialists. In addition, 17 of 161 (10.6%) eligible male survivors and 14 of 61 (22.9%) eligible female survivors got married posttreatment. Furthermore, 14 of 17 (82.4%) males and 14 of 14 (100%) females conceived. Among 311 patients who were working or attending school during diagnosis, greater than 90% had interruptions.ConclusionsHomogenous treatment with the OGS‐12 and EFT‐2001 protocols resulted in internationally comparable long‐term outcomes in the cohorts with nonmetastatic and metastatic AYA bone sarcomas. Treatment compliance, timely referral to sarcoma reference centers (avoiding prior inadvertent treatment), and streamlining fertility‐preservation practices constitute unmet needs that demand prioritization.

Digital Architectural Archives – Aesthetic Reading

My aim in this paper is to examine the impact of digital technology on the perception and practice of architecture. Online activities leave discernible traces, challenging the traditional ontological view of the subject’s independence from the material world. I will offer an exploration of the Internet’s role as the primary communication medium transforms architectural practice, emphasizing digital archives and distribution. Platforms like Pinterest, ArchDaily, and Instagram have transformed how architectural practices are shared and consumed, cultivating a new culture of multimodal communication. Within this context, I will discuss how digital technologies have profoundly altered perceptions of materiality, space, and information. I will explore how architects and artists now operate within an interconnected network of social, economic, and technological forces, moving away from traditional media to embrace digital fragmentation. This shift impacts how architectural objects are perceived, from complete forms to fragmented digital representations that are accessible to a global audience.

Minimal Requirements for Cancer Initiation: A Comparative Consideration of Three Prototypes of Human Leukemia.

Even if its completed form is complex, cancer originates from one or two events that happened to a single cell. A simplified model can play a role in understanding how cancer initiates at the beginning. The pathophysiology of leukemia has been studied in the most detailed manner among all human cancers. In this review, based on milestone papers and the latest research developments in hematology, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 are selected to consider minimal requirements for cancer initiation. A one-hit model can be applied to the initiation of APL and CML whereas a two-hit model is more suitable to the initiation of AML with RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and other AMLs. Even in cancer cells with multiple genetic abnormalities, there must be a few mutant genes critical for the mutant clone to survive and proliferate. Such genes should be identified and characterized in each case in order to develop individualized target therapy.

WP8.10 - Ultrasound Cannulation Training Programme: Quality Improvement Project

Abstract Aim Familiarisation with ultrasound skills can be very useful. This reduces stress for patients from multiple access attempts and preserves venous access. In our District General Hospital (DGH), no teaching on ultrasound-guided venous access was available. Our aim was to create a formal training programme on ultrasound-guided venous access for junior doctors. Methods Discussions were held with the medical education team at our DGH to understand how to organise a formal teaching programme. The interest of junior doctors was gathered through informal discussion. Those interested were then asked to complete course evaluation forms. Data was gathered on experience using ultrasound, confidence (out of 5) in performing ultrasound cannulation, and usefulness of the session (out of 5). Results Of the 49 participants, only 65% (n=32) filled in the course forms. Data was only analysed from these individuals. 47% (n=15) had previous experience using an ultrasound machine. Of the 32 participants analysed, 87.5% (n=28) felt the session was very useful and the other 12.5% (n=4) found the session to be useful. 100% (n=32) felt more confident performing ultrasound-guided access after the session. The average confidence score pre vs post-session was 1.59/5 vs 3.88/5, respectively. Conclusions This programme can improve confidence in procedural skills amongst junior doctors, whilst also minimising stress for patients of multiple access attempts. Though the sample obtained was small, it is clear to see increased confidence in participants, regardless of prior experience. The results obtained will be critical in continuing this programme in our hospital and hopefully roll out to a wider audience.

SP1.6 - To facilitate the consent process efficiency for high volume low complexity cases as part of GIRFT

Abstract Background Our department completes a high volume of low complexity surgical cases (appendicectomies, cholecystectomies, inguinal hernia repairs and para-umbilical hernia repairs). Each case must have a completed consent form facilitating autonomous patient informed decision-making. The list of potential risks is key, currently handwritten and not standardised. Get It Right First Time (GIRFT) highlighted the importance of clear risks documentation. (1) The aim of this study is to analyse and evaluate the risks listed in consent forms for these surgeries and their adherence to GIRFT. Method First, thirty-three department members were surveyed for a complete list of risks for each surgery. After seven suggestions a consensus was reached. Second, we prospectively collected data from 05/07/2023 to 12/10/2023, identifying patients undergoing appendicectomies, cholecystectomies, inguinal hernia repairs, para-umbilical hernia repairs and collected risks listed in consent forms, comparing them to the agreed list. Result We identified 24 appendicectomies, 14 cholecystectomies, 14 inguinal hernia repairs, 9 para-umbilical hernia repairs. The mean completeness of the list of risks was: appendicectomies 42% (min: 16%, max: 56%); cholecystectomies 37% (min: 24%, max: 50%); inguinal hernia repairs 45% (min: 28%, max: 56%); para-umbilical hernia repairs 44% (min: 24%, max: 62%). Conclusion Completeness and standardisation of risks in consent forms is vital as highlighted by GIRFT. Current practices limit surgeons in achieving this.

235 Diagnostic Qualities of the Short Form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency for Low Motor Competence

Abstract Purpose The Bruninks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd Edition (BOT 2) diagnostic tool with 53 test tasks is used for objective assessment of motor proficiency with regard to the diagnosis of motor deficits in motor control. The normative criteria are initially validated on the US population ages 4 - 21. An adaptation for the European setting exists for German-speaking countries ages 4 - 14. There are short versions of the BOT 2 with self-selected items for screening purposes. The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic quality of a German short version of BOT 2 for low motor competence and for the risk of developmental coordination disorder. Methods The motor competence level in n = 637 Czech children aged 6.0-11.0 years (46.6% girls) was evaluated using Total motor composite and subcategories of fine and gross motor skills: Fine manual control, Manual coordination, Body coordination and Strength and agility. We used the following variables to describe the diagnostic validity: Sensitivity, Specificity, Accuracy, Positive and Negative Predictive Values, the Receiver Operating Characteristic, and the Area Under the Curve. Results The short version of the BOT 2 shows a sensitivity for low motor competence of 77%, specificity of 86% and validity of 83%. For the risk of developmental coordination disorder, sensitivity is 77%, specificity is 94%, and validity is 93%. However, there is a lower positive predictive value of 49%. Conclusions The German short version of BOT 2 is an alternative test to the BOT 2 complete form, which is a suitable diagnostic tool for assessing low motor competence, including the diagnosis of risk for DCD. Overall, the BOT 2 short form provides a lower Total motor composite score than the BOT 2 complete form and places significantly more children in the well-below-average category. This is reflected in the low predictive value of a positive test. Funding Source This work was supported by the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic under Grant TA ČR Éta 3 TL03000221.

GLOBAL READING - (NON)CONVENTIONAL MODEL OF READING

Reading as a complex process is presented as an important factor for the proper organization of the general activity of the individual, and especially for his intellectual development. As a rather complicated activity, reading includes different psychological, social-ecological, as well as physical viewpoints. This "hitting" of the alphabetic code to determine the words and the construction of meaning from them, in an organized and systematized form, begins to develop in the first developmental cycle. From the phonetic awareness that helps to decode the word, students create a "visual dictionary". This visual image facilitates "seeing" and matching words to create meaning. Similar to the teaching of the spoken language that is presented as a complete form, and not with analysis and synthesis, the graphic representation of the read word is visualized in consciousness as an image, during which the meaning of the word also appears reflexively. Given that 65% of the population are visual learners, today the use of the whole word method is an unpretentious necessity. The whole word method stems from the premise that students living in this century are surrounded by technology and are in constant contact with written material. The basic unit of reading is the word, the graphic image of which is transmitted as a picture, so television announcements, computers, food labels, street advertising, and books are great causes and triggers of early literacy. Internet providers use the universality of symbols to make reading easy for everyone, including children who are in constant contact with this medium. Technology gives them the ability to read without knowing the letters, so they show awareness of the displayed symbols through computer tools. Although the Albanian language has a morphological structure and phonetic spelling, the use of this alternative model of reading is encountered more and more in school practice every day due to the need and many benefits which will be elaborated below in the paper. 50 children aged 6 years with different demographic characteristics were checked. The same approach is the checking of the skill to read words with the whole word and phonological method. The obtained results were processed with the t-test statistical method, results which allowed the findings presented which show a very pronounced difference.