Complete Anonymity Research Articles

PREVALENCE OF SELF MEDICATION AMONG MBBS STUDENTS OF SHEIKH ZAYED MEDICAL COLLEGE, RAHIM YAR KHAN

Background: The prevalence of self-medication among medical students due to the virtue of their studying medicine is a significant issue. It can lead to various challenges including inappropriate symptom management and developing resistance to certain pharmaceutical drugs. Objective: The objective of this research was to determine the frequency of selfmedication among MBBS students of Sheikh Zayed Medical College Rahim Yar Khan. Methodology: The study design for this research was Cross-sectional study. The study was conducted at Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Rahim Yar Khan. Study subjects were five batches of MBBS within the age group of 19-25 and the duration was between August 15, 2023 to September 15, 2023. A sample size of 130 students were included in the study. Before the study, consent was taken from all subjects. The questionnaire was shared via WhatsApp groups to collect information with complete anonymity. The variables included age, gender, locality and questions were: involvement in self medication practice, frequency in the past one year, reasons, source of advice, illness, complaints for medication, adverse effects, and if they had stopped it and consulted a doctor. This data was entered on SPSS and results were obtained in textural, graphical and tabular form. Results: The study showed that among 130 medical students, 107 (82.3%) had self-medicated. 65.4% did it because it was convenient. The mean age was 21.29. The most common reason was headache (63.6%) and second most prevalent reason was sore throat (59.8%). Most students (69.2%) selected the medicine based on their own experience and 58.9% did on the basis of a previous prescription. Over half of the subjects (57%) stopped using the medication once the symptoms were alleviated. Most students (72%) never had any adverse effects from self-medication. Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication in students at Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Rahim Yar Khan is high as 82.3% of students have self-medicated. The common reasons for self-medication are headache and sore throat. Almost one-half of students stopped using the medication with alleviation of symptoms. Most students never had any adverse effects from self-medication

O-181 It takes more than genes to build a family

Abstract Sperm donation has been known to mankind possibly for a very long time, although first medical reports come from the late 18th century. Initially, most inseminations in married couples were homologous, involving the husband’s semen. The first publicized breakthrough that came in 1884 would today be considered unethical, as an anesthetized woman was subjected to an injection of semen from a handsome (as duly reported) student of medicine, without any consent of both her and her spouse. The veil of secrecy that covered heterologous insemination was finally lifted when Dr Mary Barton openly acknowledged the practice in her clinic and published the first manual on “artificial insemination.” It set the ethical standards for such procedures—including mutual anonymity of donors and recipients and maintaining absolute secrecy of the fact of donor insemination—for decades to come. The cost was of course the lost identity of the conceived children and the often reported emotional detachment of the fathers from their social, but not genetical, offspring. The grave consequences of the limited pool of donors were yet to be discovered with the advent of DNA testing. In the UK, Barton’s husband and another collaborator were confirmed to father at least 100 children each. In the Netherlands, the country was shaken by the case of Jan Karbaat who used the sperm of an anonymous donor—who probably should not have even passed psychological screening—to bring more than 200 babies to the world. Suddenly, lots of adults learnt of the existence of their never expected siblings. Concomitantly, more and more parents revealed the fact of donor conception to their children motivated by openness. The secrets could not be held any longer and Joanna Rose was the first British woman that won a court case in 2002 against her own country that was wilfully breaking her right to respect for private and family life guaranteed by European Convention on Human Rights. The proponents of open donation found support also in Convention on the Rights of the Child. More and more countries started enforcing either open or at least double-track donation from then on. However, even more legislations blissfully ignore these ethical developments and maintain complete anonymity of the donor insemination procedures. This is where my personal story begins, as a father of twins born in 2012 from in vitro fertilization thanks to the semen of an anonymous donor. At that time, Poland even did not have an actual law on fertility treatment. The ART centres adopted their own policies on anonymous donation and signed contracts with their patients on a case by case basis. The legal status in my country was further cemented with the long overdue adoption in 2015 of Act on Fertility Treatment that forbids non-anonymous donation and even excludes the prospective parents from the decision process on the choice of the donor. The burden of partially lost identity of my kids will be with me possibly my entire life. But I don’t want it to cast a shadow on our family relations. We have to deal with my non-genetic fatherhood one way or another. We maintain our family ties in full knowledge of the fact of the existence of some unnamed benefactor that made this possible. Maybe one day my children will find some unsuspected genetic relatives via increasingly popular public DNA banks if they choose so, thus sticking together parts of their identity. Only time will tell.

Blockchain-Based Car Rental Platform

Abstract: Carpooling has seen a significant upsurge in popularity in recent years since it relieves commuters of the burden of driving a car and later spares them from the mad dash to locate a parking space. The industry now uses centralised database servers, which puts the system at risk of hacking, causes data leaks, and undermines security within the system. Additionally, there is a chance that the owner will misuse the data in a centralised system. Since the newly developed Blockchain technology provides complete anonymity and database transparency, data security and traceability may be guaranteed across the entire server. The goal of the suggested solution is to create and implement a blockchain-based, smart contract-based peer-to-peer vehicle sharing system. The Solidity programming language is utilised to carry out the smart contracts. Ethereum blockchain is used in the ecosystem's construction. Eliminating the middleman would result in a peer-to- peer (P2P) car-sharing programme, which would reflect decreased costs and exposure to data theft.

Beyond the board: a thematic analysis of political actions from 4chan’s /pol/ board

This article aims to understand the organisational practices of digital political actions on 4chan’s /pol/ (Politically Incorrect) board, as well as the underlying worldview within which those actions were nested. By using a qualitative thematic analysis of 21 threads, several themes were identified regarding preferred goals, methods, content, dissemination strategies, and worldview of intentional, orchestrated political actions with supposed real-world effects. Results show that the observed political actions were bottom-up, non-hierarchical, and collective actions, through which collective identity was established despite the almost complete anonymity of the /pol/ board. Additionally, the political actions were marked by the negative perception of Western liberal democracy, extremely negative attitudes toward the Left, minorities, and progressive liberals, antisemitism, and racism - values closely related to the far-right. Although the goals of /pol/ political actions differ, the dominant broader goal is to “redpill the normies” - indoctrinate the general population into denouncing liberal democratic ideology and accepting the far-right worldview.

Quantifying dysmorphologies of the neurocranium using artificial neural networks.

Craniosynostosis, a congenital condition characterized by the premature fusion of cranial sutures, necessitates objective methods for evaluating cranial morphology to enhance patient treatment. Current subjective assessments often lead to inconsistent outcomes. This study introduces a novel, quantitative approach to classify craniosynostosis and measure its severity. An artificial neural network was trained to classify normocephalic, trigonocephalic, and scaphocephalic head shapes based on a publicly available dataset of synthetic 3D head models. Each 3D model was converted into a low-dimensional shape representation based on the distribution of normal vectors, which served as the input for the neural network, ensuring complete patient anonymity and invariance to geometric size and orientation. Explainable AI methods were utilized to highlight significant features when making predictions. Additionally, the Feature Prominence (FP) score was introduced, a novel metric that captures the prominence of distinct shape characteristics associated with a given class. Its relationship with clinical severity scores was examined using the Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient. The final model achieved excellent test accuracy in classifying the different cranial shapes from their low-dimensional representation. Attention maps indicated that the network's attention was predominantly directed toward the parietal and temporal regions, as well as toward the region signifying vertex depression in scaphocephaly. In trigonocephaly, features around the temples were most pronounced. The FP score showed a strong positive monotonic relationship with clinical severity scores in both scaphocephalic (ρ = 0.83, p < 0.001) and trigonocephalic (ρ = 0.64, p < 0.001) models. Visual assessments further confirmed that as FP values rose, phenotypic severity became increasingly evident. This study presents an innovative and accessible AI-based method for quantifying cranial shape that mitigates the need for adjustments due to age-specific size variations or differences in the spatial orientation of the 3D images, while ensuring complete patient privacy. The proposed FP score strongly correlates with clinical severity scores and has the potential to aid in clinical decision-making and facilitate multi-center collaborations. Future work will focus on validating the model with larger patient datasets and exploring the potential of the FP score for broader applications. The publicly available source code facilitates easy implementation, aiming to advance craniofacial care and research.

Inclusive educational practices: Psychological challenges in South Africa

This study examines the specific challenges faced by practitioners in the field of psychology directly related to inclusive educational practices in South Africa. Intern psychologist, psychologists, psychometrist and other practitioners in the field of mental health provide crucial support to the Department of Basic Education in terms of Inclusive Education. These practitioners are situated in various fields for example, within Government Departments (Health, Education, Social Development, etcetera), private practice and Non-Government Organisations or Community-Based Organisations. The practitioners usually work within a multi-collaborative framework and often from a multi-systemic perspective to provide support to a network of colleagues and teachers, parents and learners who require intervention at schools within an inclusive education environment. A group of mental health practitioners who worked directly in inclusive educational practices (non-probability - purposive sampling), in a variety of sectors, were interviewed to determine the challenges they faced related to inclusive educational practices in South Africa. A variety of practitioners (n = 5) from each group of participants were approached (psychologists, intern psychologists, social workers) and interviewed. The total number of participants is n = 20. The participants completed a consent form, offered complete anonymity and confidentiality if they so desire and provide consent to complete the questionnaire. All institutional ethical procedures were followed. The findings revealed that South African practitioners in the field of psychology who worked directly in inclusive educational practices experienced challenges, and these are sometimes based on the setting in which they practiced. The study provided possible recommendations that may be implemented.

Analysis of blockchain in its standard, development and solicitation

The purpose of the article is to expand knowledge about the applications block chains described in the scientific literature. Blockchain is a decentralized management technology transactions and data, introduced in 2008, whose first use was the famous crypto currency Bitcoin. Diversity possible applications of blockchain technology i In , the initial state of research in this field was stimulated interests and publications on this topic. The built-in features of this technology ensure security and anonymity and data integrity create interesting areas of research, particularly from the perspective of technical challenges and limitations. Security features of many important systems in many industries rely on what is known as “Safety Through”. Ambiguity (Berentsen,2020) in security technology. Research in this direction aims to keep security mechanisms and system implementation in a complete state anonymity. However, the main disadvantage of this method is the problem with is that if we find out, the entire system could collapse Security mechanism. A fact that will become known later several studies show that this practice is becoming virtually impossible with the use of revolutionary blockchain technology.

A novel quantum ring signature based on secret sharing

Quantum signature has become a hot topic in the current research of digital signature schemes due to its unconditional security. As a special kind of digital signature, ring signatures are frequently employed in practical situations because of their superior anonymity. In this work, we propose a quantum ring signature scheme based on secret sharing that does not use entanglement states. To guarantee the complete security of the participants’ secret keys, the idea of secret sharing is incorporated into the quantum key distribution process during the key distribution stage. Each ring member contributes his private key share to the final verification formula through a recursive relationship throughout the signing and verification phases, and the verifier can utilize his private key share along with the user’s public key to confirm the ring members’ authenticity; The [Formula: see text]-AS2U hash function is used to encrypt the ring signer’s identity during the entire signature process, which assures the signer’s identity’s complete anonymity, effectively protects the signer’s privacy, and is more in line with practical requirements.

Economic and Legal Principles of Cybersecurity as a Prerequisite for the Introduction of Special Economic Regimes

The article conducts a scientific and practical study of the economic and legal aspects of the State policy in the field of cybercrime and its impact on business development in a particular region, country, etc. It is determined that the massive spread of cybercrime, the lack of effective mechanisms for combating economic crimes, and the leveling of conceptual approaches to creating an effective mechanism for legal support of the business environment development have a negative impact on the investment environment in particular and on ensuring sustainable development of the State as a whole. The author analyzes the regulatory and legal documents which form the legal basis of the mechanism for combating cybercrime, both at the international and national levels. The author identifies the weaknesses of the national system of legal regulation of cybersecurity. The author points out the sufficiency and fragmented nature of legislative support for cybersecurity and counteraction to the growth of economic crimes.&#x0D; It is established that the significant vulnerability of Ukraine's information sphere is due to the excessive use of foreign-made material and technical means. It is emphasized that the international scale of the fight against cybercrime requires clarification and harmonization of national legislation in order to be able to cooperate with law enforcement agencies abroad. The article focuses on the low efficiency of Ukraine's current cybersecurity system and the urgent need to improve and optimize it. Achieving this will not only solve the problem of information space security, but also ensure the continuity and sustainability of Ukraine's economic development.&#x0D; It is determined that one of the priority areas of work in the field of creating optimal conditions for business is the fight against computer crimes in the economic sphere. Among the main tasks in this area of activity is to counteract the legalization of shadow income. The analysis of money laundering schemes shows that organized crime is very interested in using the capabilities of electronic payment systems which allow for instant money transfers with almost complete anonymity of counterparties.

Migration, Anthropology, and Voice

One of the most striking features of contemporary migration to Europe and elsewhere is the almost complete anonymity of its pro-tagonists. The most immediate effect of this anonymity has been the emergence of the figure of the ‘migrant’ in public consciousness with little attention for national and personal backgrounds. A related effect of this anonymization of migration has been that, without personal identity, the individuals concerned also seem to have no history, leading to a rather de-historicized view of migration in the public debate. The present text attempts to counter these tendencies by focusing on an individual narrative of migration between West Africa and Europe, dating back to the late 1980s. On a more theoretical plane, by reflecting on an individual account the article reflects on the question of voice as one of the most central problems of ethnographic representation, both in migration studies and more generally.

African women in Iberia. The Fernandino elite in Barcelona

ABSTRACT Little is known about the role African women played at the end of the nineteenth century in the Iberian Peninsula. This paper describes the reconstruction of the first studied late modern African diaspora, settled in Catalonia in the 1880s, with its precedent, the very rich Fernandino woman of Spanish Guinea, Amelia Barleycorn. Historical reconstruction shows that this elite was highly visible with the Catalan bourgeoisie in the first half of the twentieth century in Barcelona, later resulting in having complete anonymity at the end of the century. This was evidenced by the neglect observed in the racist attack suffered by the descendant of two illustrious Fernandino families in 1992. The article reviews how the Fernandino community broke colonial moulds, as well as putting strain on the Iberian seams of race, class and sex from the end of the nineteenth century, and reflects on the Catalan and Spanish state promoted amnesia.

Anonymous hierarchical identity-based encryption with delegated traceability for cloud-based data sharing systems

Cloud-based data sharing systems (DSS) have become prevalent due to their ample storage and convenient access control. To protect sensitive data privacy in DSS, anonymous identity-based encryption (IBE) is a promising approach, enabling encryption using a recipient’s identity as a public key, while preventing identity and data leaks out of ciphertexts. As complete anonymity risks abuse and illegal usage, Blazy et al. introduced the notion called anonymous IBE with traceable identities (AIBET) at ARES’19, allowing users with tracing keys to identify recipients from ciphertexts. Unfortunately, existing AIBET schemes lack tracing key delegation and only consider security in weaker models (i.e., selective-identity attacks and chosen-plaintext attacks), posing risks of inconvenience and user privacy leaks. In this paper, we introduce a novel notion called anonymous hierarchical identity-based encryption with delegated traceability (AHIBEDT) for DSS. We formalize its syntax and define security notions in stronger models (i.e., adaptive-identity attacks and chosen-ciphertext attacks). In addition, we demonstrate that a concrete AHIBEDT scheme can be simply obtained from a hierarchical IBE scheme and a one-time signature scheme. The comparison results indicate that, despite a substantial increase in communication and computational costs, our approach achieves better security and functionality.

Ragging: The Psychology and Perspectives of Students from a Medical College in Bangladesh

Medical students have a greater risk of depression than students of other subjects. When ragging is added to an already stressful condition, it severely affects their academic and occupational life. Our objective of the study was to explore the student’s perspective on ragging at a government medical college in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2022 at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical College, Faridpur, Bangladesh. A questionnaire regarding the students’ views and experiences of ragging was distributed among the first-to-fifth-year medical students. To encourage honest responses, the complete anonymity of respondents was maintained. Out of 820 students, 748 (91%) participated in the study. Nearly 1 in every 2 students reported being victims of ragging, with a statistically significant gender difference. More than 65% of victims said that they became afraid of the seniors and distanced themselves from them. Indicators of clinical depression were prevalent among the victims. Total 42% of the victims had to seek help from friends or family members, 92% of the students agreed that ragging affects the mental health of juniors, and it should be a punishable crime. The majority (77%) of the students believed that seniors seek revenge by ragging their juniors. Establishing a sense of superiority and gaining influence over political and cultural groups were also influential reasons for ragging. Awareness against ragging, alternative programs for senior-junior respectful interaction, and strict management for the rule breakers should be ensured to discontinue the culture of ragging and to maintain a healthy academic environment. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2023;2(1): 14-21

Comparing Several Encrypted Cloud Storage Platforms

Cloud services and cryptographic cloud storage systems have gained popularity in recent years due to their availability and accessibility. The present systems are nonetheless still ineffectual. They are the best since they demand a lot of trust from the user or the provider. To ensure they are not violating any End-User License Agreement (EULA) clauses, providers typically keep the ability to examine the files that have been saved, and some even keep the ability to share the data. It is simple to create a copy of every piece of data when a provider has access to go through it, which is considered abuse. A typical user would have a very difficult time proving these claims because they have no method of finding any evidence supporting such claims. Due to the growing quantity of Machine Learning (ML) performed on personal user data for either tailoring advertisements or, in more severe cases, manipulating public opinion, this issue has only gotten worse in modern times. Due to the volume of users and files kept, cloud storage services are the ideal location for getting such information, whether personal or not. To retain complete anonymity, the user could take the simple step of adding a local layer of encryption. This will prevent the cloud provider from being able to decrypt the data. The requirement for ongoing key management, which becomes more challenging as the number of keys rises, is another drawback of this. To better understand normal behaviors and pinpoint potential weaknesses, this study aims to explore and assess the security of a few well-known existing cryptographic cloud storage options. Among the vendors investigated are Microsoft Azure, Tresorit, Amazon S3, and Google Cloud. Based on documentation particular to each service, this comparison was done. However, the majority of providers frequently provide only a limited amount of information or don't go into great detail about specific ideas or procedures (for instance, security in Google Cloud), leaving room for interpretation. The authors conclude by outlining a unique approach for encrypted cloud storage that employs Cocks Identity Based Encryption (IBE) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)-256 Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) to limit potential abuse by alerting the user anytime a file 1 inspection takes place. Cocks IBE will be utilized as an alternate cryptographic method for access controls, and AES-256 will be used for the Initialization Vector (IV) features' encryption. Additionally, Fiat-Shamir authentication will be zero-knowledge. A system like this might be used by companies who offer services in the actual world because it would boost customer confidence.

ID-Based Ring Signature against Continual Side Channel Attack

The security of the signature scheme is destroyed because its secret information of the signature system is leaked due to the side channel attack. Ring signature has good application value, which can provide more flexibility and complete anonymity. It can be used in some systems such as anonymous authentication in ad hoc networks, electronic voting and crypto coin based on blockchain. Because of the side channel attack, the private key of the ring signature system may be exposed, which may cause insecurity. We present a ring signature system against continuous side channel attack. Because of the symmetry of the ring, the user’s identity has good privacy protection. The proposed scheme is completely secure without a random oracle model and the private key disclosure rate is close to 1/3. Through the dual system technique, the existential unforgeability and unconditional anonymity of the scheme are proved in the composite order group based on the subgroup decision assumption.

Think piece: ethics for the virtual researcher

ABSTRACT In ethics, there are profound distinctions between conducting research online and traditional face-to-face research methods. Some of the differences often appear overwhelming for individuals in the early stages of their research career due to the introduction of new technical terminology related to the online environment. Whilst ethics in the virtual world is complex due to complete confidentiality and anonymity becoming increasingly out of reach, there are ways to mitigate against these new challenges. When applying for ethical approval, I argue that students should consider how their online research challenges ethical norms for obtaining informed consent, determine what is public and private data, and define confidentiality and anonymity in the virtual world. The author is a former PhD candidate, and some of the themes discussed in this think-piece presented themselves in the data collection of online surveys. Furthermore, the author has sometimes observed an absence of thought to online ethics from dissertation students when applying online methodologies. Thus, this piece attempts to stimulate thinking in this area and is aimed at individuals involved in the submission of ethics for dissertation projects.

An Optimal Algorithm for Secure Transactions in Bitcoin Based on Blockchain

Technological advancement has made a significant contribution to the change of the economy and the advancement of humanity. Because it is changing how economic transactions are carried out, the blockchain is one of the technical developments that has a lot of promise for this progress. The public record of the Bitcoin blockchain provides dispersed users with evidence of transaction ownership by publishing all transaction data from block reward transactions to unspent transaction outputs. Attacks on the public ledger, on the other hand, are a result of the fact that all transaction information are exposed. De-anonymization attacks allow users to link transaction entities and acquire user privacy through specified transaction amounts. As a result, in light of the Bitcoin blockchain system’s privacy issues, this scheme combines the concept of coin mixing with encrypted transaction technology to create a truly anonymous blockchain system that preserves the payer identity and transaction amount privacy. The one-way aggregated signature technique of Boneh, Gentry, and Lynn systematically embeds the notion of mixing into the whole block. The homomorphic encryption approach of Boneh, Goh, and Nissim allows miners to check the legality of encrypted transactions. Miners will validate transactions, conceal transactions, and package transactions as entities in the scheme. Finally, this technique was chosen after a comparison of several privacy-preserving blockchain schemes. It not only ensures complete anonymity, but also keeps transaction storage overhead to a minimum.

Mining dust as a health threat to employees of extraction departments of coal mines

Mining dust as a health threat to employees of extraction departments of coal mines

Workplace Deceptions During the Pandemic: Differences in Conspiracy Beliefs, Psychological Functioning, and Covid-19 Experiences.

The global pandemic has disrupted virtually all countries on health, psychological functioning, and economies, to name a few. Accurate information has also fallen victim to the pandemic, which has been rife with misinformation and conspiracy theories. The current study investigated Covid-19 deceptions related to employment. With complete anonymity via MTurk, 389 participants from the United States rated their likelihood of deception regarding hypothetical four workplace scenarios. The first set of analyses examined differences between high and low risk of deceptions for each scenario based on participants' self-appraisals. The largest differences were found for general conspiracy beliefs and affective disorders, specifically major depression and generalized anxiety. The second set of analyses focused across the workplace scenarios on two operationalized groups with Likely-Deceptive (n = 189) vastly outnumbering Likely-Genuine (n = 55). Personal experiences with Covid-19 dramatically increased deceptions. Testing positive for Covid-19 increased the odds of being in the Likely-Deceptive by twelve-fold. Two discriminant models examined cognitive misbeliefs and psychological functioning. When both were combined, depression and Covid-19 misinformation produced the strongest structure coefficients followed closely by general conspiracy beliefs and generalized anxiety. The far-ranging implications of these findings are discussed.

A Mobile App Leveraging Citizenship Engagement to Perform Anonymized Longitudinal Studies in the Context of COVID-19 Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring: Development and Usability Study.

Over the past few years, studies have increasingly focused on the development of mobile apps as complementary tools to existing traditional pharmacovigilance surveillance systems for improving and facilitating adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting. In this research, we evaluated the potentiality of a new mobile app (vaxEffect@UniMiB) to perform longitudinal studies, while preserving the anonymity of the respondents. We applied the app to monitor the ADRs during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in a sample of the Italian population. We administered vaxEffect@UniMiB to a convenience sample of academic subjects vaccinated at the Milano-Bicocca University hub for COVID-19 during the Italian national vaccination campaign. vaxEffect@UniMiB was developed for both Android and iOS devices. The mobile app asks users to send their medical history and, upon every vaccine administration, their vaccination data and the ADRs that occurred within 7 days postvaccination, making it possible to follow the ADR dynamics for each respondent. The app sends data over the web to an application server. The server, along with receiving all user data, saves the data in a SQL database server and reminds patients to submit vaccine and ADR data by push notifications sent to the mobile app through Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM). On initial startup of the app, a unique user identifier (UUID) was generated for each respondent, so its anonymity was completely ensured, while enabling longitudinal studies. A total of 3712 people were vaccinated during the first vaccination wave. A total of 2733 (73.6%) respondents between the ages of 19 and 80 years, coming from the University of Milano-Bicocca (UniMiB) and the Politecnico of Milan (PoliMi), participated in the survey. Overall, we collected information about vaccination and ADRs to the first vaccine dose for 2226 subjects (60.0% of the first dose vaccinated), to the second dose for 1610 subjects (43.4% of the second dose vaccinated), and, in a nonsponsored fashion, to the third dose for 169 individuals (4.6%). vaxEffect@UniMiB was revealed to be the first attempt in performing longitudinal studies to monitor the same subject over time in terms of the reported ADRs after each vaccine administration, while guaranteeing complete anonymity of the subject. A series of aspects contributed to the positive involvement from people in using this app to report their ADRs to vaccination: ease of use, availability from multiple platforms, anonymity of all survey participants and protection of the submitted data, and the health care workers' support.