ObjectiveTo compare medication abortion outcomes among people screened without or with ultrasound or pelvic examination. Study designWe used data collected from March 24, 2020 to September 27, 2021 at five TelAbortion Project sites that provided medication abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol by mail. Using logistic regression weighted on propensity scores, we compared outcomes in participants who had neither ultrasound nor exam before treatment (No-Test group) or had such tests (Test group). We analyzed outcomes separately for participants screened early in the analysis period (before September 15, 2020) or later. Outcomes included: procedural abortion completion or ongoing pregnancy, serious adverse events, and unplanned post-treatment abortion-related clinical visits. ResultsAmong 416 participants in the early period, the No-Test group had a significantly higher risk than the Test group of procedural abortion completion or ongoing pregnancy (5.6% vs. 0.9%, risk difference 4.6%, 95% CI 1.5%, 7.7%) and abortion-related clinical visits (13.3% vs. 6.3%; risk difference 7.0%; 95% CI 1.1%, 12.8%). Among 364 participants screened later, the risk of procedural abortion completion or ongoing pregnancy did not differ by group, while unplanned abortion-related clinical visits were less common in the No-Test group (9.9% vs. 20.5%; risk difference -10.6%; 95% CI -20.1%, -1.1%). Risk of serious adverse events did not differ by group in either period. ConclusionsWhen providers first began omitting ultrasound or pelvic exam before medication abortion, the practice was associated with increased risks of failure of complete abortion and post-treatment clinical visits; however, these increased risks resolved over time. ImplicationsMedication abortion without pretreatment ultrasound or examination is effective and safe. This model should be routinely offered to eligible patients.