Complementary Movement Research Articles

Sleight of hand: role-differentiated bimanual manipulation speed across infancy

ABSTRACT Role-differentiated bimanual manipulation (RDBM) is a complex behaviour requiring the complementary movement of two hands to achieve a common goal. We investigated the relation of RDBM speed (time to complete a successful RDBM) with a hand preference for acquiring objects (early right, late right, left, no preference), toy type (simple/difficult), age (9-14 months), and hand (right/left) used to perform the RDBM. Changes in RDBM speed across age were examined across different hand preference groups for RDBMs performed on simple toys using the right hand. The analysis revealed that early-right preference infants had a steeper slope than the no preference/left-preference infants. The same was true for right-preference infants (early- and late-) for RDBMs performed on difficult toys using the right hand. A mixed ANOVA revealed that there were decreases in RDBM times across age, therefore infants are faster at performing RDBMs over time, regardless of toy type, hand used, or hand preference. The results of the present study suggest that when exploring the development of hand preference, we should consider the influence of age, hand preference, and hand used.

How to Clip Cerebral Aneurysms Safely and Reliably?

For safe and reliable cerebral aneurysm clipping, First of all, clean bloodless surgical field and stable and fine movements of micro scissors are necessary. The surgeon must use both hands and determine the best angle before retracting the brain. One of the most basic and important things is that the tips of the clip should be kept continuously in sight until closing clips. We propose a "blading technique" for visualizing the tips of clip blades using a 3-dimensional applier clip manipulation, maintaining contact with the aneurysm while maintaining complementary movement of the suction device in the opposite hand. Before trying to detach the adhering vessels from the aneurysm, the surgeon should consider necessity. Clipping is frequently accomplished using various manipulation techniques with remaining adhesions. This article presents basic clipping and manipulation techniques.

Interspecific interactions, movement patterns and habitat use in a diverse coastal shark assemblage

Sharks are a highly diverse predatory taxon and are regularly found in large, potentially competitive, assemblages. However, the mechanisms that enable long-term coexistence and factors that drive complementary movement are poorly understood. As interspecific interactions can have a large influence on survival and trophic linkages, research on shark assemblages could substantially increase our understanding of marine community dynamics. In this study, we used passive acoustic telemetry to compare the activity space size, spatial overlap and habitat use patterns of six co-occurring shark species from the same family in a tropical nearshore embayment. Our results indicated that all sizes of Rhizoprionodon taylori (a small-bodied, highly productive species) used significantly larger amounts of space (e.g., mean 95% KUD = 85.9 km2) than juveniles of large-bodied, less productive species (e.g., Carcharhinus amboinensis; 62.3 km2) that use nearshore areas as nursery areas. Most large, less productive species appeared risk averse by using less space, while the smaller more productive species took greater risk by roaming broadly. These movement strategies are likely a means of avoiding predation or gaining access to new or additional resources. Spatial overlap patterns varied substantially between species with overlap in core use areas ranging from 1.2 to 27.6%, but were consistent over time. Most species exhibited low spatial overlap, suggesting spatial partitioning to reduce interspecific competition. While a few species exhibited a high degree of spatial overlap (up to 60% of activity space extent), dietary diversity may reduce competition to support co-occurrence. These data suggest that complex interactions occur in communal nurseries in nearshore waters where species are in direct competition for resources at vulnerable life stages.

Analyzing temporal dynamics of cell deformation and intracellular movement with video feature aggregation

BackgroundThe research and analysis of cellular physiological properties has been an essential approach to studying some biological and biomedical problems. Temporal dynamics of cells therein are used as a quantifiable indicator of cellular response to extracellular cues and physiological stimuli.MethodsThis work presents a novel image-based framework to profile and model the cell dynamics in live-cell videos. In the framework, the cell dynamics between frames are represented as frame-level features from cell deformation and intracellular movement. On the one hand, shape context is introduced to enhance the robustness of measuring the deformation of cellular contours. On the other hand, we employ Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) flow to simultaneously construct the complementary movement field and appearance change field for the cytoplasmic streaming. Then, time series modeling is performed on these frame-level features. Specifically, temporal feature aggregation is applied to capture the video-wide temporal evolution of cell dynamics.ResultsOur results demonstrate that the proposed cell dynamic features can effectively capture the cell dynamics in videos. They also prove that the Movement Field and Appearance Change Field Feature (MFAFF) can more precisely model the cytoplasmic streaming. Besides, temporal aggregation of cell dynamic features brings a substantial absolute increase of classification performance.ConclusionExperimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms competing mainstreaming approaches on the aforementioned datasets. Thus, our method has potential for cell dynamics analysis in videos.

Depoliticizing Public Action by Politicizing Issues, Practices and Actors. The Role of Resilience Thinking in a Program of the Cariplo Foundation

We are apparently living in an age of hyperdepoliticisation. But what is meant today by de-politicization and how does this phenomenon impact upon the forms taken by political functions in con-temporary complex societies? The aim of this article is that of answering these questions through a re-search-based analysis of the specific role played in depoliticization processes by the use of the concept of resilience and resilience thinking, analyzing the Resilient Communities (Comunita Resilienti) program of the Cariplo Foundation. We argue that an intertwined and complementary movement between the depo-liticization of public action and politicization of collective action carried out by non-political actors exists, which does not extirpate the political from social processes, but alters its qualities, characteristics and borders. Such dual movement is composed of pro-active and reactive forms of both depoliticization and politicization, which are defined and investigated in the article, putting empirical evidence against the background of theoretical discussion.

뇌졸중 환자에서 양손 보완운동의 운동형상학

본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 양손 보완운동 및 한손운동을 수행하는 동안 환측의 움직임을 측정하여, 양손 보완운동의 효과를 검증하고자 수행되었다. 대상자는 부산지역에 거주하는 뇌졸중 후 편마비 환자 중 12가지 기준을 적용하여 30명을 선정하였다. 과제 수행 동안 환측의 움직임 특성을 측정하기 위해 피트메터(Fitmeter) 가속도계를 부착하여 신호벡터크기(Signal Vector Magnitude: SVM), 최고 가속도(peak acceleration), 최고 감속도(peak deceleration)를 측정하였다. 연구 결과 양손 보완운동은 한손운동보다 수행시간이 짧았고(p<0.05), 신호벡터크기가 감소하였다(p<0.05). 따라서 뇌졸중 환자가 일상생활동작을 수행할 때 환측만 사용하는 것보다 건측을 보완적으로 사용하는 것이 운동형상학적으로 움직임 향상에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다. The objective of this study was to compare the unimanual and bimanual complementary movements of the affected upper extremity. Thirty participants living in Busan area with post-stroke hemiparesis were involved in this study. They were selected according to twelve criteria. We used the Fitmeter accelerometer to measure Signal Vector Magnitude, peak acceleration and peak deceleration. The movement time and Signal Vector Magnitude of bimanual complementary movement were less than those of unimanual movement(p<0.05). Therefore, we suggest that bimanual complementary movement is more useful, as for the kinematic aspect, than unimanual movement when a person with stroke perform activities of daily living.

Coping with spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability in resources and risks: adaptive movement behaviour by a large grazing herbivore.

Movement is a key mean for mobile species to cope with heterogeneous environments. While in herbivorous mammals large-scale migration has been widely investigated, fine-scale movement responses to local variations in resources and predation risk remain much less studied, especially in savannah environments. We developed a novel approach based on complementary movement metrics (residence time, frequency of visits and regularity of visits) to relate movement patterns of a savannah grazer, the blue wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus, to fine-scale variations in food availability, predation risk and water availability in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Wildebeests spent more time in grazing lawns where the grass is of higher quality but shorter than in seep zones, where the grass is of lower quality but more abundant. Although the daily distances moved were longer during the wet season compared to the dry season, the daily net displacement was lower, and the residence time higher, indicating a more frequent occurrence of area-concentred searching. In contrast, during the late dry season the foraging sessions were more fragmented and wildebeests moved more frequently between foraging areas. Surprisingly, predation risk appeared to be the second factor, after water availability, influencing movement during the dry season, when resources are limiting and thus expected to influence movement more. Our approach, using complementary analyses of different movement metrics, provided an integrated view of changes in individual movement with varying environmental conditions and predation risk. It makes it possible to highlight the adaptive behavioral decisions made by wildebeest to cope with unpredictable environmental variations and provides insights for population conservation.

FALL DETECTION USING THREE WEARABLE TRIAXIAL ACCELEROMETERS AND A DECISION-TREE CLASSIFIER

Unintentional falls cause serious health problem and high medical cost, particularly among the elders. Efficient fall detection can ensure fallen subjects with timely rescue, less pain and lower health-care expense. However, the accuracy of the present fall detection system with single accelerometer does not meet the requirement of practical application. In this paper, a fall detection method using three wearable triaxial accelerometers and a decision-tree classifier is proposed. The three triaxial accelerometers are, respectively mounted on the head, the waist and the ankle to capture the acceleration signals of human movement. A Kalman filter is adopted to estimate the body tilt angle. After the features are extracted, the trained decision-tree model is used to predict the fall. The efficiency improvement is evidenced by the scripted and unscripted lateral fall experiments, involving five young healthy volunteers (three males and two females; age: 23.3 ± 1 years). The classification of fall and activities of daily living (ADL) achieve recall, precision and F-value of 93.1%, 95.9%, and 94.5%, respectively, and the system detects all falls during the extended unscripted trials. The experimental results indicate that the complementary movement information coming from three accelerometers can enhance the performance of fall detection. The proposed method is efficient, and it has remarkable improvements in comparison to the method of using one or two accelerometers.

River of dark dreams: slavery and empire in the cotton kingdom

River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom. By Walter Johnson. (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2013. Pp. 526. Illustrations, tables, notes, acknowledgments, index. $35.00.)Nearly million slaves arrived in the Mississippi Valley between 1820 and 1860, Walter Johnson tells us. There were more millionaires there in 1860 than in any other region of the United States and, in that same year, 3500 steamboat trips brought $220 million worth of cotton and other com- modities to the port of New Orleans. The dark dreams of the book are the aspirations of planters, whose path to riches required the cruel and ma- nipulative treatment of enslaved black people and who eventually sought expansion into Central America and the Caribbean Sea in violation of federal law. This regional approach to the Mississippi Valley makes sense, although non-specialist could finish the book unaware that there were plantations in Louisiana that used the labor of 125,000 enslaved people to produce half of the sugar consumed in the United States.Historians and general readers alike, however, will come away from this book knowing good deal more than they did. Johnson's two chapters on steamboat transportation, for example, explain the technology of the boats, the operation and limitations of the industry, the pilots' skill, the public's enthusiasm, passenger accommodations and behavior, the intense competition over speed, and the significant possibility of collision or explosion that would result in large numbers of people being drowned, scalded, or both. Johnson gives an excellent description and analysis of cotton production as well as the credit and marketing mechanisms that made it possible. Placing all this within world-historical context of busi- ness enterprise, he makes convincing case for the idea that cotton plant- ers were simply capitalists of non-industrial sort.Southern imperialism grew out of economic limitations. As early as 1840, steamboats had connected the 17,000 miles of navigable rivers in the Mississippi Valley, making the shipping industry less attractive to valley capital. In the 1850s, when railroads began to reach the Mississippi, the outlook worsened. Meanwhile, planters and merchants increasingly felt themselves under the yoke of northern economic and political interests in Congress and wished for direct access to world markets. In the New Or- leans region, the answer to these problems involved expanding into Cuba and Nicaragua rather than Kansas and Nebraska. Johnson argues that greater appreciation for filibustering and the complementary movement to reopen the foreign slave trade would free Civil War historiography from a set of anachronistic spatial frames and teleological narratives limited to secession and the land area that became the Confederacy (p. …

Development of role‐differentiated bimanual manipulation during the infant's first year

Role-differentiated bimanual manipulation (RDBM) is a complementary movement of both hands that requires differentiation between actions of the hands. Previous research showed that RDBM can be observed in infants as early as 7 months. However, RDBM could be considered a skill only when its frequency, duration, and use is appropriate for the type of manual task, and there is some evidence of intentionality in use. Twenty-four normally developing infants were studied longitudinally at 7, 9, 11, and 13 months to assess the frequency and duration of five clearly different types of RDBM with three "single-part" and three "two-part" toys as they emerge during development. Also, the sequences of actions that lead to RDBM were examined for evidence of "intentionality." The results show that although the each type of RDBM appears early in infancy, RDBM only begins to exhibit the characters of a skill by 13 months. Moreover, the type of toy influences not only the likelihood of eliciting role differentiation, but also the type of RDBM behavior and the organization of the sequence of actions that lead to RDBM. Some useful criteria for defining an infant sensorimotor skill are provided in discussion.

Interpretation of Ultrasonic Readings for Autonomous Robot Localization

The work described in this paper is a contribution to providing mobility aid for people with motor disability. It constitutes a part of the VAHM project which aims to design a smart powered wheelchair able to control its displacements in a known environment. Original methods established for the static localisation of the wheelchair using readings provided by a belt of 14 ultrasonic sensors is presented. This approach is based on a classical matching of occupancy grids. Yet because of the presence of the person on the wheelchair any complementary movement intended to obtain additional measures is impossible. That is why our study is centred on the search for the best way to represent ultrasound measures, to model environment and to define the matching criterion in order to mitigate the imperfections of ultrasonic sensors. The method thus developed is implemented on our prototype. Examples are given of the tests carried out in real-life conditions in a typical environment consisting of a flat recreated in our laboratory. The results obtained using real and simulated readings show that the approach is reliable and fitted to our project.

Western Movement Therapies

Complementary movement therapies have been developed by individuals trained in a variety of disciplines. Movement therapies involve the body, mind, and spirit, and therefore the most informed opinion and recommendations come from personal experience. This article explores nine of the more popular Western movement therapies, which have been chosen for their availability and suitability in the rehabilitation context.

Internationalization of Japanese higher education in the 1980‘s and early 1990‘s

The Japanese response to its recognition that the country‘s economicachievements implied that it should increase its interaction with theworld-wide community is analysed with particular reference to developmentsin the 1980‘s and early 1990‘s. Attention is particularly drawn to thesignificant part played by Japanese government initiatives aimed atincreasing the number of foreign students coming to Japan to study and atfacilitating the employment of foreign nationals as members of faculty inJapanese universities. Curricular developments within Japanese universitiesincluding undergraduate programs with an international flavour intended forJapanese students and the development of several graduate schools with afocus on international development are detailed. Programs on Japaneselanguage and culture, some aimed at Junior Year Abroad students mainly fromthe USA, are noted as well as the steps taken to smooth the path of foreignresearchers seeking to complete doctoral studies in Japan.Inter-governmental and inter-university agreements are described includingprojects aimed at training scientists and other specialists from developingcountries which include training in Japanese institutions. The paperidentifies a complementary movement by foreign institutions, mainly in theUSA (prompted in part by awareness of Japan's mounting trade surplus withthe USA) to establish branches in Japan; it is shown that such developmentswere encouraged by Japanese municipalities, especially those anxious tore-vitalize their communities. The conclusion reviews the whole developmentand adds a note on problems which may lie ahead in the future.

Origin of idealized static thermodynamic forces inducing solid particle motion, orientation and related effects in a solute concentration gradient

The forces acting on a solid particle in the concentration gradient of a solution or mixture are given for a carefully specified thermodynamic model. From this analysis it is possible to predict the initial nature of any ensuing motion of the particle and, in particular, to give the potential propelling force on a particle at rest as [graphic ommitted] where the integration is over each slice of solid of surface area δAs, with s denoting different types of surface, and dσs/dξ is the variation in the interfacial tension for each s at position ξ. An orientation effect is predicted for certain solids with composite surfaces. The propelling and orientation forces can be related to the surface excess adsorption of a solute at a solid surface. Aspects discussed are the implications for using density-gradient columns, the behaviour of particles at liquid interfaces and a variety of qualitative phenomena possible in special circumstances (some of biological relevance) including two-particle effects, the potential for the complementary movement of liquid over or through a stationary solid and conditions whereby a collection of particles might become separated. Some of the effects might apply to macromolecules to which the concepts of surface area and interfacial tension are not relevant. All predictions are based on static considerations using equilibrium thermodynamics: no attempt is made to describe actual motion.

Canada and the Newfoundland Labour Market, 1939–49

CANAOA'S RELATIONS with Newfoundland prior to •949 have been explored from many points of view, but the history of the movement of people between the two countries has been neglected. In numerical terms this movement had always been one sided, many more Newfoundlanders wanting to go to Canada than vice versa. After •939, however, this natural flow in her direction, which had been occurring since at least the mid-nineteenth century (with a complementary movement to the United States), was found by Canada to be insufficient to meet her wartime need for Newfoundland labour. Accord-

The Progress of Sanitation in Great Britain

To the hopeful worker in hygiene, it may be said that the beginning of the new century has brought with it some suggestion of an ever-widening domain within which his energies may find new scope for their exercise. The historian of nineteenth century sanitation in Great Britain might with reason date its origin (albeit it was an unconscious one) in the system of factory legislation which began with the Health and Morals of Apprentices Act 1802; but to appreciate the mental atmosphere out of which this legislation emerged, he must have recourse to the growth of the New Humanity in British politics (as Sir John Simon has so happily phrased it), and that larger sympathy of with man which John Richard Green found so characteristic of the eighteenth century. And so it is an easy step from the first effort to reclaim the children from the uncontrolled evils of a recently introduced factory system to the complementary movement which the Poor Law Commission of 1834 inaugurated in their report of that year, and which, together with the growth of a spirit of co-operation among the adult workers, did so much to reclaim industrial England from the poverty info which it had sunk in the first part of last century. It is true that sanitary endeavor, in the form at least of an organized administration, as yet scarcely existed, but its foundations were being securely laid in the accumulating knowledge of the Poor Law Commissioners regarding the home conditions of the industrial poor, and the part which these played in disposing to the disease which lay behind so much of their poverty. Although it was thus early recognized that the problems of poverty and sanitatation had much in common, the time had scarcely come when their unity could be clearly recognized. For to the hygienist of the middle of the nineteenth century, the widespread incidence of the major infectious diseases, and their tendency every now and again to [273]