Complementary Foods Research Articles

Assessing the Compliance of Complementary Food Labeling Practices in Niger with International Guidelines

Optimal infant and young child feeding practices are among the specific interventions implemented during the first 1,000 days to prevent malnutrition. They include exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months after birth and continued breastfeeding for up to 2 years or more, and appropriate complementary feeding practices between 6 and 36 months. However, inappropriate labeling practices for complementary foods intended for children under 2 years of age could impact on parents' or guardians' choices. The aim of this study was to assess the conformity of labelling practices for complementary foods marketed in Niger. A survey was carried out at various sales outlets to identify all types of complementary foods sold in Niamey. The European nutrient profile model developed by WHO in 2019 was used to assess the compliance of the complementary foods surveyed with the model's requirements in terms of labeling practices. A total of 20 outlets selling complementary foods, corresponding to 85 complementary foods, were selected after elimination of repetitions. In terms of nutritional composition, 12.9% of imported supplements met this requirement. No local supplements complied, compared with 25% of supplements imported from Nigeria. Compliance is 100% for the requirement for legibility of the label and clarity of the product name, and 89.4% for the presentation of a clear list of ingredients on the label. The label is the interface between customers and products. It must be presentable and provide all the product information needed to guide the customer's choice. Our results will guide the government in creating national guideline for infant foods.

Canned complementary porridges for infants and young children (6-23 months) based on African indigenous crops; nutritional content, consistency, sensory, and affordability compared to traditional porridges based on maize and finger millet.

Child malnutrition is a major health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. Complementary foods made from African indigenous and locally available raw materials are often low in protein and nutrients. It is, therefore, important to supply complementary foods that are nutritious and affordable, and with an acceptable consistency and taste. The objective of this study was to develop, on a pilot scale, food-to-food fortified, convenient, canned complementary porridges based on blends of African indigenous crops, i.e., orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) flour, and leguminous (i.e., cowpea, and Bambara groundnut) and cereal flours (i.e., teff, finger millet, maize, and amaranth), and milk powder. Plant-based, African complementary foods are often lacking in vitamin A, zinc, iron, and energy. Porridge with OFSP on a 32% dry weight (dw) basis achieved recommended levels of vitamin A (530 µg per 100 g dw). Satisfactory energy (431 Kcal per 100 g dw) was obtained by supplementation of vegetable oil. A nutritious, low-cost porridge (costing 0.15 € per 100 g can) that fulfills consistency constraints was obtained by including supplements of zinc and iron salts as ingredients. The solids content and thus protein/energy could be significantly increased using protein fractionated or germinated cowpea flours without compromising on viscosity. The sensory profile was characterised by more intense vegetable, leguminous, and malty flavours as compared to traditional reference porridges.

Effect of Processing Methods on Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Composition of Parkia biglobosa Seeds

Parkia biglobosa (PB) is among the various underexploited nutritious plants. A comparative study was conducted on the effect processing PB has on the amino and fatty acid composition. Fermented (FPB), defatted (DPB), and protein isolates (PI) samples were prepared from Parkia biglobosa seeds using various processing methods, and evaluated using standard analytical protocols. The PI showed the highest significant total non-essential amino acids, essential amino acids, and conditionally essential amino acids when compared with FPB and DPB. In addition, the PI showed the highest significant (p < 0.05) total neutral amino acids, basic amino acids, total aromatic amino acids, and the lowest percentage cystine ratio of total sulphur amino acids and total amino acids in comparison with FPB and DPB. The PI also showed a better-predicted protein efficient ratio, essential amino acid index, biological value, protein content, and nutritional index than FPB and DPB. Furthermore, PI amino acid composition was compared favourably with the reference scores for a whole hen’s egg, preschool child, and provisional scoring pattern. Arginine and histidine values of PI were higher than the recommended values. The FPB (42.29%) showed the highest polyunsaturated fatty acids compared with the DPB (41.94%) and PI (26.7%). The dominant saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were stearic acid (15.1 DPB), linoleic acid (42.29 DPB), and oleic acid (14.05 PI). The DPB (1.84) showed a better polyunsaturated to saturated (P:S) ratio than FPB (1.74) and PI (0.91). The results revealed that the processing methods improved the relative amino acid composition, whereas the fatty acid composition improved in DPB. Therefore, PI could serve as an alternative in the formulation of complementary foods.

Acceptability of microbiota-directed complementary foods in treating Indian children with moderate acute malnutrition – eACT-MAM pre-proof of concept study

Acceptability of microbiota-directed complementary foods in treating Indian children with moderate acute malnutrition – eACT-MAM pre-proof of concept study

Complementary food hygiene practice and associated factors among mothers with children aged 6–23 months in Dessie Zuria, South Wollo Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2023

BackgroundImplementing appropriate complementary food hygiene practices is essential to lower the incidence of food-borne disease and malnutrition in children. However, this aspect is often overlooked in resource-limited settings, and information regarding these practices is not fully available and is not assessed enough. Therefore, this study aimed to assess complementary food hygiene practices and their associated factors in Dessie Zuria, South Wollo Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia, in 2023.MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from 17 April to 18 May 2023, among 366 mothers with children aged 6–23 months. Dessie Zuria was purposively selected, and a systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. Data were collected using pretested and structured questionnaires. Finally, the data were entered using EPI-info and then exported to SPSS version 26. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with complementary feeding hygiene practices. Both crude odds ratios (COR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with a 95% confidence level (CI) were computed, and a p-value of <0.05, in the final model, was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe proportion of households practicing complementary food hygiene was 22.22%. Factors associated with these practices included access to media such as television or radio (AOR = 10.51, 95% CI: 2.8, 39.28), starting complementary feeding before 6 months (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.84), and the child’s age being 6 to 11 months (AOR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.7).ConclusionThe prevalence of complementary food hygiene practices was poor. Healthcare professionals should promote starting breastfeeding at the age of 6 months. In addition, media companies ought to make an effort to create a positive social and cultural environment that encourages complementary feeding practices for young children.

Lactation Massage and Hypnobreastfeeding Relaxation Techniques in Breastfeeding Mothers

Breast milk is a kind of food that is good for meeting all the physical needs of babies. Breast milk contains most of the nutritional elements, hormones and immunity of a baby. After that the baby will only get breast milk until the baby is six months old, after the baby is six months old the baby will be given complementary food for breast milk until the baby is even two years old. Purpose: this research is to find out the description of nursing care for normal postpartum mothers who experience ineffective breastfeeding at Koja Jakarta Hospital in 2023 with lactation massage and hypnobreastfeeding relaxation techniques. Methodology: the research used is a descriptive researcher with a case study design that will be carried out in June 2023. Results: a study of patients who experienced ineffective breastfeeding by means of lactation massage and hypnobreastfeeding relaxation techniques, could increase milk production, reduce breast swelling and reduce pain. This can happen because of the willingness of the client to follow. Conclusion: lactation massage techniques and hypnobreastfeeding relaxation techniques can be done when complaints of a little milk coming out, anxiety, swelling in the breasts of post partum mothers are normal.

Mothers’ perception of husband support during breastfeeding: A qualitative study in Indonesia

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted maternal and perinatal healthcare worldwide, including in Indonesia. Restrictions on access to health services have forced mothers to adapt to new challenges in breastfeeding during the pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate mothers’ breastfeeding experiences and the role of husbands in providing support during this period. This qualitative research used a phenomenological approach. Data were collected from August to October 2022 through a focus group discussion (FGD). Participants were selected using maximum variation sampling, with eight mothers participating in the FGD. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, revealing four main themes: (1) not all husbands fully supported mothers’ efforts to provide exclusive breastfeeding; (2) supportive and inhibiting factors help to provide exclusive breastfeeding; (3) mothers understood the benefits and identified the causes of failure in providing exclusive breastfeeding and complementary food for breast milk; and (4) various stressors experienced by mothers did not impede breastfeeding efforts. In conclusion, the findings highlight the need for healthcare workers, especially maternity nurses, to encourage continued breastfeeding and emphasize the importance of husbands’ support in providing exclusive breastfeeding initiatives. Interventions should be designed to actively involve husbands in supporting exclusive breastfeeding practices.

Gastrointestinal and respiratory morbidity when introducing eggs as complementary food: a randomised controlled trial in South African infants

We investigated the incidence and duration of morbidity symptoms among infants aged 6 to 9 months from a low socioeconomic community receiving one egg daily for 6 months. This was a secondary outcome of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of 500 infants conducted in Jouberton, South Africa. The primary outcome was linear growth. Morbidity data were collected weekly using a symptoms diary and qualitative data with focus group discussions at the endpoint. Ethical approval was obtained from the North-West University Health Research Ethics Committee. The intervention group had a ~ 5% higher incidence of gastrointestinal morbidity (17.0%) compared to the control group (11.9%). Gastrointestinal morbidity without fever tended to be 1.4 times higher in the intervention group (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.93; P = 0.058) and tended to be 4 times higher with fever (OR: 4.07, 95% CI: 0.86, 19.23; P = 0.077). The duration of total gastrointestinal and respiratory morbidity was 1.5 days longer in the intervention group (β: 1.491; 95% CI 0.064, 2.918; P = 0.041). Complementary feeding with eggs may have contributed towards an increased risk for gastrointestinal morbidity.

Trajectory of Obesity and the Impact of Eating Behaviors on Obesity in Preschool Children: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea

Background: Early childhood obesity is highly associated with obesity in adolescents and adults. However, studies on specific eating behaviors that have a decisive effect on obesity in early childhood (aged 3–5 years) are scarce. We hypothesized that critical risk factors associated with eating behaviors leading to obesity at ages of 3–5 years may be different. To confirm this hypothesis, we conducted a study on the risk factors of obesity related to eating behaviors in preschool children. Methods: Using the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children (NHSPIC) in Korea’s general population cohort, we found the obesity trends in 3–5-year-olds. The risk factors of obesity in 3–5-year-olds were analyzed through logistic regression. Results: Among children with obesity at 3 years old, but without obesity at 4 years old, only 10.1% (107/1063) transitioned to obesity at 5 years old, whereas among children with obesity at 3–4 years old, 62.7% (398/635) transitioned to obesity at 5 years old. The risk factors for obesity at 3 years old were inclusion of meat in complementary food, prolonged breastfeeding, and consumption of sweetened beverages; at ages 4–5 years, the risk factors were the inclusion of meat in complementary food and consumption of sweetened beverages. Conclusions: Obesity at 4 years is more likely to lead to obesity in the following year than obesity at 3 years. The dietary factor with the greatest impact on obesity in children aged 3–5 years has been found to be consumption of sweetened beverages.

A human gut Faecalibacterium prausnitzii fatty acid amide hydrolase.

Undernutrition in Bangladeshi children is associated with disruption of postnatal gut microbiota assembly; compared with standard therapy, a microbiota-directed complementary food (MDCF) substantially improved their ponderal and linear growth. Here, we characterize a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) from a growth-associated intestinal strain of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii cultured from these children. This enzyme, expressed and purified from Escherichia coli, hydrolyzes a variety of N-acylamides, including oleoylethanolamide (OEA), neurotransmitters, and quorum sensing N-acyl homoserine lactones; it also synthesizes a range of N-acylamides, notably N-acyl amino acids. Treating germ-free mice with N-oleoylarginine and N-oleolyhistidine, major products of FAAH OEA metabolism, markedly affected expression of intestinal immune function pathways. Administering MDCF to Bangladeshi children considerably reduced fecal OEA, a satiety factor whose levels were negatively correlated with abundance and expression of their F. prausnitzii FAAH. This enzyme, structurally and catalytically distinct from mammalian FAAH, is positioned to regulate levels of a variety of bioactive molecules.

Complementary feeding practices and nutritional status in infants living in Turkey: Iowa infant feeding attitude scale and complementary feeding index.

Although complementary feeding (CF) and maternal attitudes towards infant feeding are known to affect the nutritional status of infants during the neonatal period, studies in this field remain limited. The present study aimed to determine CF practices for infants aged 6-12 months who live in Turkey and maternal attitudes towards infant feeding. In addition, the effects of CF practices and maternal attitudes on the nutritional status of infants were examined. This study included 720 infants, of whom 289 were aged 6-8 months and 431 were aged 9-12 months. CF status was assessed using the CF index (CFI), and maternal attitudes towards infant feeding were measured using the Iowa infant feeding attitude scale (IIFAS). The weight and length measurements of infants were categorized using z-scores. Infants with weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) and weight-for-length z-score (WLZ) of less than -2 standard deviation were categorized as malnourished. Mothers of malnourished infants were found to have lower CFI and IIFAS scores (p < 0.05). Consistency of fruit feeding and complementary foods in the first 3 days of CF was associated with WAZ. The mothers' level of knowledge about CF and appropriate CF practices significantly affects the nutritional status of infants. The tools used in the present study to monitor CF practices should be incorporated into public health programmes.

Development of Nutrient-Rich Complementary Food from Sweet Potatoes, Carrots and Crayfish for Combating Infant Malnutrition in Low-income Communities

This study aimed to enhance traditional cereal-based complementary foods in Nigeria by developing and evaluating a nutrient-dense blend of sweet potato, carrot, and crayfish. The objective was to address protein-energy malnutrition in low-resource settings by improving the nutritional profile of local complementary foods. Samples were analyzed in triplicate for proximate composition and selected micronutrients using AOAC standard techniques. Sensory evaluation was conducted using a 5-point hedonic scale with a panel of ten nursing mothers from the Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Lead City University. Results showed that the blend contained 14.74±0.32% crude protein, 72.19±0.51% carbohydrates, and 0.97±0.02% fat. Micronutrient analysis revealed high levels of vitamin C (19.06±0.70 mg/100ml) and phosphorus (497.33±3.37 mg/100ml). Sensory evaluation indicated that the product was well-accepted, with mean scores of 4.2±0.6 for taste (slightly sweet), 4.0±0.7 for color (light brown), and 3.8±0.8 for flavor (mildly fishy). This novel blend significantly improves upon traditional cereal-based complementary foods by providing a more balanced nutrient profile that meets WHO/FAO recommendations. It offers a practical, locally-sourced solution to enhance infant nutrition in low-resource settings, potentially reducing the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition. Further studies on its long-term effects on child growth and development are recommended.

Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in exclusively breastfed infants after a 5-month iron supplementation

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is prevalent in exclusively breastfed (EBF) Thai infants. However, in Thailand, iron supplementation guidelines for EBF infants are not available. This prospective open-label study aimed to estimate the prevalence of IDA in 9-month-old EBF infants after receiving iron supplementation from 4 months of age until they consumed adequate iron-rich food. Forty-seven healthy, 4-month-old EBF infants were prescribed 1 mg/kg/day ferrous sulfate. Their complementary food records from 6 to 9 months were calculated for daily iron intake. Complete blood count and iron study were performed at 9 months of age. The results showed that the prevalence of IDA at 9 months was 6.4%. An employed caregiver and the male sex of the baby were significantly associated with iron deficiency. The food record revealed that the median daily iron intake was less than the Thai dietary reference intake recommendation. In summary, the prevalence of IDA in infants with 9 months of exclusive breastfeeding who received iron supplementation was lower than the background rate (25.7%) when iron was not prescribed. Most infants did not have adequate iron in complementary foods. Iron supplementation should be prescribed routinely during 4–9 months of age in healthy Thai EBF infants.

Tunisian wild rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oils: phytochemical profiling, antibacterial and antibiofilm properties and molecular docking studies

Despite rapid advances in drug production, bacteria have adopted several drug resistance strategies, such as biofilm production. Therefore, research to develop and/or discover alternative antibacterial agents, such as natural products from plants becomes a necessity. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a well-known potent source of bioactive molecules with antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition, to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Tunisian wild rosemary essential oils (REOs). Molecular docking tools were used to investigate the antibacterial effects of REOs bioactive molecules. GC-MS analysis revealed thirty-one compounds. The main components that define the chemotype were eucalyptol, camphor and α-pinene. The antibacterial activity evaluated by disc diffusion and the microdilution methods and the antibiofilm activity assessed by crystal violet test proved that REOs had strong activity against all the bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium). The molecular docking study revealed that the investigated main compounds of REOs exhibited the best binding scores with two target proteins (Fts-Z and FimH). These results prove that REOs exhibited interesting biological activities as antibacterial and antibiofilm agents which could be explored for complementary medicine, food and pharmaceutical industries.

A 10-year (2014-2023) review of complementary food development in sub-Saharan Africa and the impact on child health.

Complementary foods (CFs) commonly consumed by infants and young children (IYC) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are processed using either single or multi-grain ingredients through simple technologies such as fermentation, malting and roasting. Interestingly, CFs (e.g., ogi, kunu, and dabo) are prepared and fed to infants alongside breastmilk until they are completely weaned up to the infant's second birthday. The grains used for preparing CFs can be contaminated with bacterial and chemical contaminants as a result of poor harvesting, handling or storage practices. The stage at which IYC are introduced to CFs is of utmost importance as it aids in addressing malnutrition and improving their overall health and well-being. Complementary feeding practices across SSA are influenced by socio-economic, cultural and geographical factors such that improper introduction can result in dire health consequences including immune suppression, severe foodborne diseases, poor child growth and development, and sometimes death from malnutrition. Malnutrition often occurs from inadequacies of nutrient intakes and assimilation which affect the ability to maintain normal body functions such as growth, learning abilities, resistance to and recovery from diseases. In SSA, IYC malnutrition still poses an enormous concern, therefore indicating the need for intervention strategies such as the promotion of indigenous crops and elevating traditional knowledge and technologies for formulating CFs. This paper clearly highlights the diversity of CFs in SSA, ingredients utilized, processing techniques, contamination by bacteria and chemicals, and demonstrates the consequences of consuming contaminated CFs, and their influence on IYC health as well as approaches to ensuring safety and scaling up indigenous CFs.

Breastfeeding in the prevention of long-term consequences of neuropsychiatric pathology in offspring with gestational diabetes mellitus

This literature review summarizes modern concepts of gestational diabetes mellitus as an independent risk factor for the development of long-term neuropsychiatric diseases in offspring and the mechanisms of their programming in this complication of pregnancy in the absence of the protective role of maternal melatonin as a consequence of chronodestruction. The article presents literature data on the composition of breast milk and the participation of its endogenous melatonin, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, stem cells, and microbiome in reprogramming epigenetic disorders as a result of adverse effects in the antenatal period, which helps to reduce the likelihood of developing neuropsychiatric pathology later in life. It is emphasized that breastfeeding during the first six months of life and later, along with complementary foods under the age of two years and older, is exclusively a physiological and unsurpassed method of preventing long-term consequences of impaired brain development in offspring with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Hygienic practice during complementary feeding and associated factors among mothers of children aged 6-24 months in Borecha Woreda, southwestern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Complementary feeding is a critical transitional phase in the life of an infant, and complementary foods should be prepared, stored, and fed hygienically, with clean hands, dishes, and utensils to prevent diseases. However, the prevalence and risk factors associated with hygienic complementary feeding practice have not been well addressed in Ethiopia, especially in the study area. This study aimed to assess hygienic practices and associated factors during complementary feeding among mothers with children aged 6-24 months in Borecha Woreda, Buno Bedele Zone, southwestern Ethiopia, in 2022. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a multistage sampling technique. The study was conducted on 536 mothers of children aged 6-24 months in Borecha Woreda from 1 March to 1 April 2022. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data were coded, cleaned, edited, and entered into Epi-Data version 4.6 and then exported to SPSS version 20.0 for further analysis. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted. Moreover, crude (for bivariate) and adjusted (multivariable) odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to assess the association between independent factors and outcome variables. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Out of 536 respondents, 350 (65.3%) exhibited poor hygienic practices during complementary feeding. The risk of poor hygienic practices was about two times higher among women over 30 than those under 25 (AOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.11-2.90). Mothers whose husbands had primary education or higher had a 50% reduced risk (AOR: 0.50; 95% CI 0.31-0.83) of poor hygienic care practices during complementary feeding compared to their counterparts. The odds of poor hygiene practice among mothers with poor knowledge of hygienic care were 2.71 times higher than those with good knowledge (AOR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.60-4.61). The prevalence of poor hygienic practices during the preparation and handling of complementary foods among mothers in Borecha Woreda is high compared to other studies. Therefore, improving hygiene practices during complementary food preparation requires the involvement and responsibility of policymakers, the community, and families.

Complementary feeding and food handling practices among caregivers in a semi-urban setting in Northern Uganda

Background: Complementary feeding practices influence the nutritional status and health of children, especially in developing countries where sub-optimal infant feeding practices are the major cause of childhood undernutrition, morbidity, and mortality. This study sought to characterize the adequacy of complimentary feeding and food handling practices among caregivers of children aged 6-23 months in a semi-urban setting. Methods: Exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted in Adyel division, Lira district in Northern Uganda among 127 child-caregiver pairs randomly selected from three villages. Caregivers were interviewed about their child-feeding practices, complementary foods used, and common practices in handling and preparation of foods used as complementary feeds. Results: Overall, children’s feeding patterns met the recommended dietary intake when assessed using the child feeding index (CFI) whereby children aged 6-8, 9-11, and 12-23 months scored 8.03, 9.17, and 7.59, respectively. However, most children were complemented with foods from the household meals and dietary diversity was limited by frequent use of food leftover from the previous meals. Conclusions: Inappropriate meal patterns and food handling practices identified are likely to compromise child nutrition and health. Nutrition education is needed to improve the caregivers’ child-feeding and food handling practices within their socio-economic and cultural context. Keywords: Complementary feeding practices; food handling; diet quality; food safety; children; Uganda.

Fumonisins in infant cereals marketed as complementary food in Argentina

ABSTRACT Infant cereals are typically the first foods introduced as complementary foods. Cereals used to elaborate complementary foods, such as wheat, maize and rice, are susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. Among mycotoxins, fumonisins have been epidemiologically associated, in humans, with oesophageal cancer, neural tube defects and stunting. Fumonisins have been found in maize and wheat grains in Argentina. In the present study, a survey was conducted to determine their occurrence in 82 wheat-based and multicereal-based infant cereal items collected from retail stores in Rio Cuarto, Argentina, using HPLC-MS. Of these samples, 84% showed FBs contamination with levels ranging from 0.05 to 992 μg/kg). Although FB1 was the most prevalent fumonisin, FB2 was found at higher levels. Most samples had levels below the limit of 200 μg/kg set for Argentinean cereal products for children. The outcome of this survey provides information on the naturally presence of fumonisin in infant cereal intended for children in Argentina, which can be helpful to consider relevant monitoring programmes.

Nutrient Composition And Sensory Evaluation Of Sorghum Based Complementary Food Fortified With Soybean, Carrot And Crayfish

The nutritional composition and sensory characteristics of sorghum-based complementary food fortified with soybean, carrot and crayfish at different substitutional levels were evaluated using standard analytical procedures. The results revealed that moisture,ash,fat,fibre,protein and carbohydrate content values range from 7.73% to 13.07%, 1.84% to 4.66%, 39.48% to 44.02%, 0.02% to 2.01%, 13.59% to 24.51% and 16.31% to 27.44% respectively. The selected minerals showed that calcium, zinc, magnesium, manganese, and iron varied from 1.61 to 15.56mg/100g, 0.05 to 4.71mg/100g, 3.51 to 8.80mg/100g, 0.22 to 7.78mg/100g and 0.02 to 6.68mg/100g respectively. Vitamin A showed an appreciable amount in the sample with the inclusion of carrot.Values obtained met the Codex Alimentarius Commission Guidelines for formulated complementary foods for older infant and young children. The sensory properties revealed that sample E (60% sorghum, 25% soybean, 10% carrot and 5% crayfish) was most preferred and this has provided a basis for the development of an acceptable complementary food that can provide the needed protein and other nutrients, thereby combating protein energy malnutrition in infants