Complementary And Alternative Medicine Health Belief Questionnaire Research Articles

German translation and validation of the complementary and alternative medicine health belief questionnaire (CHBQ)

BackgroundThe Complementary and Alternative Health Belief Questionnaire (CHBQ) measures medical students’ attitudes towards Complementary Medicine (CM). The aim of the study was to examine the validity and reliability of the German translation of the CHBQ.MethodsData for the psychometric evaluation of the German translation were drawn from a study that investigated attitudes towards CM in (a sample of) medical students at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Construct validity was determined via an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Internal consistency was examined using Cronbach’s alpha and split-half reliability.ResultsThe CHBQ was returned by 278 students, and was fully completed by 260 students (mean age 23.7 years; ± 4.3 SD), 69.2% were female). EFA revealed a single factor solution for all 10 items of the scale. All items, except one, had good item discrimination (range: 0.5–0.8), acceptable mean inter-item-correlation (0.39) and similar median correlation (0.38). Reliability was very good (α = 0.86) and further confirmed by split-half reliability (0.91).ConclusionsThe German version of the CHBQ is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring students’ attitudes towards CM.

PENGETAHUAN DAN KEYAKINAN MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN TENTANG COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (CAM)

Changing views on the importance of healthcare personnel knowing about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) have resulted from growing usage of CAM especially in Indonesia. Knowledge and belief of nurses about CAM are significant indicators when giving advice and consideration to patients who want to pursue them. It is important for nursing students as one of the future nurses to have good knowledge and belief related to CAM. The goal of this study is to determine and compare complementary and alternative medicine knowledge and beliefs among nursing students. This study took place at the Institute of Technology and Health Bali. The total number of respondents in this study was 528 that consist of nursing students from year I, II, III, and IV. A self-administered questionnaire was employed in this investigation. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 with a significance level of 0.05. Among 13 CAM modalities only 4 modalities where students in all year (year I, II, III, IV) had good knowledge about them. Those modalities are Jamu, yoga, meditation and massage. When nursing students' beliefs regarding to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) were examined, the study found nursing students in all levels have a positive attitude towards CAM. However, there was a marked difference of CAM based on CAM Health Belief Questionnaire (CHBQ) score (p<0.05) between students in each academic year. Incorporating knowledge of CAM into the curriculum can be greatly beneficial to nursing students because they will encounter CAM users in their clinical practice and will need to take this into consideration when making clinical decisions.

The Perceived Credibility of Complementary and Alternative Medicine: A Survey of Undergraduate and Graduate Students

ABSTRACT The popularity of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) appears to be increasing, especially among college students. We surveyed 146 undergraduate and graduate students with the CAM Health Belief Questionnaire and obtained credibility and frequency ratings for a select group of CAM therapies: yoga, meditation, massage, chiropractic medicine, biofeedback, hypnosis, acupuncture, spirituality/religion, therapeutic touch, the use of herbs/vitamins, and aromatherapy/essential oils. Graduate students held more favorable views about integrating CAM into conventional medical practice. Female students reported using a wider variety of therapies than male students. Spirituality/religion and herbs/vitamins were the most popular CAM approaches. Students rated yoga, meditation, and massage as being highly credible practices. They rated hypnosis and therapeutic touch low in credibility. We discuss hypnosis as an example of a therapy that suffers from poor public perception despite having a relatively strong evidentiary base.

A Survey on Perceptions of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Undergraduates in China.

In recent years, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is more widely known and used globally. This study was the first to investigate undergraduates' attitude toward CAM, and influencing factors and barriers for students to use CAM. Students of five different grades in six universities of China were selected for this study from February to May 2019. First, the participants were divided into two groups based on their majors and fulfilled a previously validated 10-item CAM Health Belief Questionnaire (CHBQ) to evaluate their attitudes toward CAM. Second, the chi-square test was used to analyze the differences between the groups, and correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship of the data between the two groups. Third, we used frequency analysis to identify the types that students wanted to study and the barriers to use CAM. The overall mean score of the CHBQ was 48.87 ± 8.594, which was higher than that in other countries. The students in lower grades had a stronger desire to learn CAM than those in higher grades (89% vs 83%, p < 0.05). “Too time-consuming and bad tastes,” “Western medicine was enough,” and “lack of relevant knowledge” were found to be the main interruptions for students to use CAM. 82.3% of students wanted CAM to be incorporated into the curriculum and desired to learn more about CAM. 72.3% of the students who had never learned CAM wanted to know more about CAM. 55.5% of the students were willing to recommend CAM. Most undergraduates desired to learn more about CAM. It is necessary to introduce or integrate CAM courses into the present curriculum, and it should be started in the lower grades. We hope this study can provide evidence for the authority in China to make appropriate changes and integrate CAM into the college curriculum.

Knowledge, beliefs, and influences associated with complementary and alternative medicine among physiotherapy and counselling students.

The objective of this study is to determine whether physiotherapy and counselling students, who represent a future generation of two health professions, have differing views about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). In order to determine physiotherapy and counselling students' self-rated knowledge and beliefs about CAM and the factors which influence that understanding, a modified 10-item CAM Health Belief Questionnaire was administered across all year groups to physiotherapy students and counselling students at two universities in Perth, Western Australia. The self-rated paper-based survey measured knowledge of CAM among physiotherapy and counselling students, evaluation of their beliefs regarding the use of CAM, factors that influence their knowledge and beliefs, and their likelihood of recommending CAM to future patients. A response rate of 96.8% was achieved, with 387 physiotherapy students and 88 counselling students. Moderately positive beliefs about CAM were confirmed in both groups, with mean scores of 42.8/70 for physiotherapy students and 43.3/70 for counselling students. There were no significant differences between the student groups in overall self-rated knowledge of CAM. The main factors that influenced the students' responses were personal experience for counselling students and scientific evidence for physiotherapy students. Other factors included university training, attitudes of lecturers, tutors and fellow students, cultural background, and opinions of external practitioners. Counselling students were more likely than physiotherapy students to recommend CAM therapies to their future patients. The results from this study demonstrate minimal self-rated knowledge but moderately positive attitudes towards CAM by both physiotherapy and counselling students.

Midwives’ personal views and beliefs about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM): A national survey

Complementary and Alternative Medicine/Therapies (CAM) options have increasingly been used by pregnant women, however literature describing midwives' views and beliefs towards CAM is sparse. This study aimed to investigate Australian midwives’ views and beliefs about CAM. MethodsA national survey of Australian College of Midwives midwife members (n = 3552) (UTSHREC 2015000614) included questions on midwives’ views and support of CAM, and beliefs using a validated CAM Health Belief Questionnaire (CHBQ). ResultsThe response rate was 16%. Most respondents believed women should have the right to choose CAM (93.3%); and didn't view CAM a threat to public health (91.7%). Nearly half (49.5%) believed that their hospital/service did not have guidelines/procedures on CAM. The CHBQ mean score was 45.43 (SD9.98). ConclusionMost respondents agreed with the fundamental beliefs of CAM. This study confirms the need for a national CAM policy for midwives; and research on midwives’ CAM training.

Knowledge, attitude, influences and use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among chiropractic and nursing students

BackgroundComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is becoming more widely used in the community however there are differences in knowledge and attitudes among and within the various health professions. Chiropractic and nursing students represent a future generation of two health profession groups who may have differing views on CAM. The objectives of this study were to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of nursing and chiropractic students about CAM. To investigate the factors that influence their attitudes and beliefs and their likelihood of recommending CAM; and to compare the findings between nursing and chiropractic students to determine similarities and differences.MethodsA modified and pre-tested survey including a previously validated 10-item CAM Health Belief Questionnaire (CHBQ) was administered to nursing and chiropractic students at Murdoch University. Student’s demographics were collected as well as other information regarding knowledge, attitudes, influences and use of CAM.ResultsThree hundred twenty-one nursing and 227 chiropractic students responded with a 91% response rate. The CHBQ overall mean scores for nursing and chiropractic students were 47.6 and 47.4 out of possible 70 respectively, confirming positive attitudes toward CAM in both groups. Nursing and chiropractic students also demonstrated similar knowledge levels. Factors that were most influential in shaping both chiropractic and nursing students’ attitudes and beliefs towards CAM were personal experience and the influence of external peers. Nursing students would not dissuade future patients from CAM, however chiropractic students were more likely to recommend CAM to their future patients.ConclusionsNursing and chiropractic students demonstrate relatively positive attitudes and beliefs towards CAM despite, their limited knowledge concerning CAM modalities generally.

Nurses' knowledge, clinical practice and attitude towards unconventional medicine: Implications for intercultural healthcare

ObjectiveThe aim of this hospital-based, cross-sectional study was to examine nurses' knowledge, personal and professional practices and attitude towards complementary and alternative medical therapies in urban Ghana. MethodUsing convenience sampling technique, cross-sectional data were collected from 210 registered and practicing nurses with self-administered questionnaire based on the Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Health Belief Questionnaire (CHBQ). Descriptive statistics and the associations between variables were calculated using Pearson's Chi-square test and/or Fisher's exact test with p < 0.05. ResultsThe mean score of nurses' knowledge on CAM therapies was low (mean ± SD, 38.39 ± 10.11; possible range, 18–72) which was built on nurses' personal experiences. Nurses, therefore, lacked the confidence to recommend CAM therapies to patients. Despite the isolated cases of non-herbal supplements, relaxation techniques, massage and prayer healing, the study found an overall low personal use of CAM (mean ± SD, 32.97 ± 10.78; possible range, 18–72) among nurses over the last 12 months. Yet, nurses exhibited a positive attitude towards CAM (mean ± SD, 72.7 ± 12.5, possible range, 67–110). We observed significant associations among nurses' CAM knowledge and education [χ2 (2) = 6.69, p = 0.035] and religion [χ2 (2) = 7.96, p = 0.019]; nurses' personal use of CAM and income [χ2 (2) = 16.07, p < 0.001] and religion [χ2 (2) = 18.65, p < 0.001]; and nurses' clinical CAM use and income [χ2 (2) = 7.01, p = 0.030]. ConclusionDespite the overall positive attitude towards CAM therapies, Ghanaian nurses do not perceive themselves to have sufficient knowledge of CAM. Integrating CAM education into the nurses' training curriculum can improve CAM knowledge and professional practice among nurses, and in turn, enhance evidence-based patient care within the framework of intercultural healthcare system in Ghana.

Cross-sectional survey on complementary and alternative medicine awareness among health care professionals and students using CHBQ questionnaire in a Balkan country

To conduct a study on attitudes, knowledge, and use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies in Serbia. Available data about CAM therapies in the region are scarce, opinions lacking from health sector. Balkan region countries had a delay in issuing national policies on CAM therapies. The questionnaire used was based on previously validated CAM Health Belief Questionnaire (CHBQ), formulated as 5-item Likert type scale, adjusted for local environment. Health care students and professionals were evaluated. The questionnaire comprehended 10 closed questions on attitudes, knowledge and use of CAM therapies. This survey was conducted in eight cities of Serbia, January 2010-July 2011. A total of 797 participants was included. The second group of participants was 145 healthcare professionals (50 academic staff, 64 clinical staff, 19 pharmacists, 6 other clinical branch specialists and 6 nurses). Data were collected by an interview. Examinees could acquire maximum of 70 points, 35 representing neutral attitude. Students of dentistry (54.65±6.07) were better informed on CAM therapies than medicine students (50.26±7.92). Pharmacy students (51.16±7.10) accepted low-scientific CAM. Pharmacists scored better than university professors (55.12±6.55 vs. 50.29±9.50). Primary health care professionals had better awareness than pharmacists in dispensing pharmacies. Both groups of participants preferred use of vitamins over any other CAM therapy. These pioneering efforts in the region exposed weaknesses in CAM attitudes of current and future health care professionals. Nevertheless, awareness on alternative medicine treatment choices is growing among Balkan prescribers. Supportive legal framework would facilitate dissemination of CAM medical practices.

Use of and attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicine among obstetricians in Israel

ObjectiveTo examine attitudes toward and use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by obstetricians during pregnancy and childbirth. MethodsBetween 2010 and 2011, obstetricians from 7 medical centers (n=170) in Israel completed questionnaires examining the use and recommendation of CAM treatments during pregnancy and childbirth. Attitudes were examined via the CAM Health Belief Questionnaire (CHBQ). ResultsOver half of the participants (58.8%) reported using at least 1 CAM treatment, and nearly two-thirds had recommended or would recommend CAM to pregnant patients. By contrast, use of CAM during childbirth was recommended by only 26% of respondents. The total CHBQ score was moderately high (mean±SD, 40.4±7.30; possible range, 7.0–70.0), indicating an overall positive attitude toward CAM. Female board-certified specialists answered more favorably regarding attitudes toward CAM (P=0.004). The structural validity of the CHBQ was examined using varimax rotation factor analysis, which produced a 3-factor solution explaining 63.1% of the variance. ConclusionsMost obstetricians exhibited positive attitudes toward CAM and recommended its use during pregnancy, but did not support CAM use during childbirth. This discrepancy might be partly due to the involvement of Israeli obstetricians in predominantly high-risk cases of childbirth requiring intervention.

Primary Care Providers’ Attitudes and Beliefs About Patients’ Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use for Asthma Self-Management

Background: Asthma is a major cause of health resource utilization, poor quality of life and disability. However, adherence to asthma treatments remains relatively poor, partially because patients often prefer to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) instead of conventional therapies. Moreover, individuals with asthma are reluctant to disclose CAM use with their providers. It was suggested that providers’ negative attitude towards CAM is one barrier to creating an open dialogue. Purpose: The aim of this exploratory study was to identify primary care providers’ attitudes and beliefs about their asthma patients’ CAM use. Methods: Providers who referred patients into a research study about asthma self-management, including CAM, completed three surveys: the revised Integrative Medicine Attitude Questionnaire (r-IMAQ) ; the 10-item CAM Health Belief Questionnaire (CHBQ); and the 30-item Morehouse College Survey of CAM Practices (MCSCAMP). Results: Of the 21 referring providers, 14 physicians and 2 nurse practitioners were enrolled. Seven were male (44%); 13 White (81%), 2 Asian (13%), 1 Black (6%); mean age was 45.7. All providers endorsed the majority of r-IMAQ items and an additional CHBQ item. The MCSCAMP found fitness and nutritional approaches to be the most common health practice (94%), followed by counseling (56%), and prayer/spiritual healing (50%). Conclusions: The results of this exploratory study suggest that providers have positive opinions about CAM, uniformly endorsing items related to spirituality, the importance of patient-provider partnerships and patients’ beliefs. However, there was relatively low personal use of CAM by providers.

Use of and attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicine among osteopathic medical students.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has grown into a huge health care industry in the United States, with 91.5 million people (38% of adults) using CAM in 2007. Given the increase in CAM use and the need for CAM education for health professionals, it is important to understand the baseline attitudes and beliefs of osteopathic medical students regarding CAM, as well as the factors that may have formed them. (1) To determine osteopathic medical students' use of different CAM modalities. (2) To assess osteopathic medical students' attitudes toward CAM using a previously validated instrument. A previously validated, 29-item Integrative Medicine Attitude Questionnaire and a 10-item CAM Health Belief Questionnaire were administered to osteopathic medical students. Demographic and other data were collected on student use of and recommendations for CAM modalities as well as student awareness and use of primary CAM information resources. Survey respondents were 635 osteopathic medical students from 7 osteopathic medical schools and additional locations in the United States. Osteopathic medical students demonstrated positive attitudes toward CAM use. A total of 527 osteopathic medical students (83.0%) self-reported the use of at least 1 CAM modality, whereas 69 students (10.9%) used just 1 CAM modality and 458 (72.1%) used 2 or more modalities. The most commonly used CAM modalities--meditation/yoga/relaxation/imagery, massage, and spirituality/prayer--were also most likely to be suggested to patients by osteopathic medical students. Sex, age, and the use of CAM modalities were significantly correlated with attitudes toward CAM modalities. Osteopathic medical students had a positive attitude toward CAM and had high levels of self-reported CAM knowledge and use. Osteopathic medical students who acquire professional training and have personal experience with CAM may be in a better position to discuss CAM with future patients.

P04.03. Primary care providers’ attitudes and beliefs about, and personal use of, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)

Methods PCPs who referred patients into a research study about asthma self-management, including CAM, completed three surveys. The modified Integrative Medicine Attitude Questionnaire (m-IMAQ) is a 23-item survey that solicits beliefs about CAM and its role in treatment. The 10-item CAM Health Belief Questionnaire (CHBQ) asks about CAM attitudes and beliefs not included in the m-IMAQ. Lastly, the 30-item Morehouse College Survey of CAM Practices (MCSCAMP) characterizes PCPs personal CAM use. All subjects received a $100 gift card for participation.

Pakistani Pharmacy Students’ Perception About Complementary and Alternative Medicine

To assess Pakistani pharmacy students' perceptions of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), the frequency with which they use CAM, and barriers to use of CAM. A CAM health belief questionnaire was administered to 595 students enrolled in a 5-year doctor of pharmacy program (PharmD) in Pakistan. Attitudes of students towards CAM were positive. Lack of evidence supporting CAM practices was considered to be the major barrier toward more students using CAM. A majority of students (79%) agreed that clinical care should integrate conventional medicine and CAM practices. Many CAM-based therapies, such as dietary supplements, massage, herbal medicines, and homoeopathic medicines were used by the students. Significant gender differences in attitude were observed, with male students having more conservative attitudes toward CAM use. A high percentage of students desired more training in CAM. Pakistani students exhibited positive attitudes about the value of CAM and most felt that CAM should be included in the PharmD curriculum.

Use of and attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicine among nurse-midwives in Israel

The objective of the study was to evaluate the use and attitudes of nurse-midwives in Israel toward complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). In a cross-sectional study, nurse-midwives from 5 Israeli medical centers completed the CAM Health Belief Questionnaire, a validated tool examining data regarding personal health behavior, use of CAM therapies, and attitudes toward CAM. One hundred seventy-three of 238 potential respondents completed the questionnaires (72.7%). Most (87.3%) reported using CAM (67.1% massage, 48.6% herbal medicine, 42.2% meditation, 40.5% touch therapies, and 39.9% prayer) and agree with many fundamental tenets of CAM such as the existence of energy forces, self-healing, and integrating patients' health beliefs and values into their care. The majority of nurse-midwives studied reported using and recommending CAM to their patients and believe that CAM can complement conventional medical therapies. Health care providers could benefit from education with regard to the efficacy and safety of CAM modalities during pregnancy and childbirth.

Belief in complementary and alternative medicine is related to age and paranormal beliefs in adults

The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widespread, even among people who use conventional medicine. Positive beliefs about CAM are common among physicians and medical students. Little is known about the beliefs regarding CAM among the general public. Among science students, belief in CAM was predicted by belief in the paranormal. In a cross-sectional study, 712 randomly selected adults (>18 years old) responded to the CAM Health Belief Questionnaire (CHBQ) and a paranormal beliefs scale. CAM beliefs were very prevalent in this sample of adult Flemish men and women. Zero-order correlations indicated that belief in CAM was associated with age (r = 0.173 P < 0.001) level of education (r = -0.079 P = 0.039) social desirability (r = -0.119 P = 0.002) and paranormal belief (r = 0.365 P < 0.001). In a multivariate model, two variables predicted CAM beliefs. Support for CAM increased with age (regression coefficient: 0.01; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.006 to 0.014), but the strongest relationship existed between support for CAM and beliefs in the paranormal. Paranormal beliefs accounted for 14% of the variance of the CAM beliefs (regression coefficient: 0.376; 95%: CI 0.30-0.44). The level of education (regression coefficient: 0.06; 95% CI: -0.014-0.129) and social desirability (regression coefficient: -0.023; 95% CI: -0.048-0.026) did not make a significant contribution to the explained variance (<0.1%, P = 0.867). Support of CAM was very prevalent in this Flemish adult population. CAM beliefs were strongly associated with paranormal beliefs.

Knowledge, Beliefs, and Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by Australian Podiatric Physicians

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is one of the fastest growing areas of health care. This has necessitated an increased awareness and understanding of CAM by conventional health professionals. A questionnaire seeking information about use of and attitudes toward CAM was mailed to 1,365 Australian podiatric physicians. Ninety-one percent of Australian podiatric physicians surveyed have used at least one CAM therapy in the past 12 months, and 93% have treated patients with CAM or have recommended its use to patients. Overall, the respondents rated their knowledge of various CAM therapies as "average," and responses on the CAM Health Belief Questionnaire indicated that respondents tended not to endorse CAM health beliefs, with statements about CAM therapies being seen as "a threat to public safety" and effects being "usually due to the placebo effect" producing the strongest responses. Complementary and alternative medicine therapies are already being used in podiatric medical practice, and there are significant opportunities for further research into CAM education and clinical research relevant to podiatric medicine.

Development and validation of the CAM Health Belief Questionnaire (CHBQ) and CAM use and attitudes amongst medical students.

BackgroundThe need for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and holistic approaches in allopathic medical school curricula has been well articulated. Despite increased CAM instruction, feasible and validated instruments for measuring learner outcomes in this content area do not widely exist. In addition, baseline attitudes or beliefs of medical students towards CAM, and the factors that may have formed them, including use of CAM itself, remain unreported.MethodsA 10-item measure (CHBQ – CAM Health Belief Questionnaire) was constructed and administered to three successive classes of medical students simultaneously with the previously validated 29-item Integrative Medicine Attitude Questionnaire (IMAQ). Both measures were imbedded in a baseline needs assessment questionnaire. Demographic and other data were collected on students' use of CAM modalities and their awareness and use of primary CAM information resources. Analysis of CHBQ items was performed and its reliability and criterion-related validity were established.ResultsResponse rate was 96.5% (272 of 282 students studied). The shorter CHBQ compared favorably with the longer IMAQ in internal consistency reliability. Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.75 and 0.83 for the CHBQ and IMAQ respectively. Students showed positive attitudes/beliefs towards CAM and high levels of self-reported CAM use. The majority (73.5%) of students reported using at least one CAM modality, and 54% reported using at least two modalities. Eighty-one percent use the internet as a primary source of information for CAM.ConclusionsThe CHBQ is a practical, valid and reliable instrument for measuring medical student attitudes/beliefs and has potential utility for measuring the impact of CAM instruction. Medical students showed a high self-reported rate of CAM use and positive attitudes towards CAM. Short, didactic exposure to CAM instruction in the first year of medical school did not additionally impact these already positive attitudes. Unlike the IMAQ, which was intended for use with physicians, the CHBQ is generic in design and content and applicable to a variety of learner types. Evaluation measures must be appropriate for specific CAM instructional outcomes.