Complementary Alternative Medicine Usage Research Articles

IJCM_34A: Usage of complementary / alternative medicine (CAM) and perception towards it among cancer patients admitted in tertiary care hospitals

Background: Cancer being a deadly disease, cancer victims face great challenges with respect to their routines, roles and relationships. The usage of other means to cure illness is called complementary and alternative medicine or CAM. This study is done to determine the proportion and usage pattern of CAM for cancer treatment and to assess the perception towards CAM among cancer patients. Methodologys: It was a Descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out among cancer patients admitted to tertiary care hospitals attached to a medical college. The interview schedule was prepared which consists of four sections including the socio-demographic details, details about the diagnosis and treatment of cancer among the study participants, details about the usage pattern of Complementary medicine, and the perception of cancer victims towards Complementary medicine for cancer treatment. Data will be entered and analyzed by using the statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 11.5. Results: Out of 105 participants majority of cancer patients,74 (70%) of them were of the age group between 40- 70 years. 65% of the patients had addictions among which 60 (90.9%) were addicts for more than 10 years. The majority of the patients underwent radiotherapy 85 (81.0%), followed by Chemotherapy 72 (68.6%), The number of patients that have used CAM in our study was found to be 12 (11.4%). Many of them chose Ayurveda as their type of CAM 5 (41.7%) followed by home remedies usage 4 (25%). 39 (38.5%) believe that there should be more evidence that CAM works while 38 (33.8%) don’t need any evidence about it. 45 (42.9%) feel that CAM treatment does not work in the treatment of cancer while 35 (33.3%) remained neutral in this aspect. 85 (81.0%) are satisfied with present cancer treatment. 78 (74.3%) agreed that Modern medicine is most effective for treatment of cancer. Conclusion: The usage of CAM in our study was found to be minimal. The majority of the participants are satisfied with modern medicine and most of the patients are satisfied with allopathic treatment.

Utilization of Complementary Medicine among Patients with Cardiovascular Disease in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) has been widely used globally, but limited data are available on the use of CAM in Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). The present study aimed to evaluate CAM use in CVD patients. The present cross-sectional study was performed in Shiraz, Iran, during the summer of 2021. Cardiovascular patients aged ≥ 18 years were included in the study. Demographic information on left ventricular ejection fraction and satisfaction with CAM utilization was collected using validated questionnaires. A total of 304 patients (194 males and 110 females) were recruited for this study. The frequency of patients identified as CAM users was 56.9% (n = 173). Patients with implanted pacemakers were less likely to use CAM than others (OR = 0.50, p = 0.031). Meanwhile, the likelihood of CAM utilization was approximately 2 and 4 times higher in the patients categorized in class I of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification compared to those in the second and third classes, respectively. Most CAM users used herbs, dietary supplements, and praying to prevent diseases, while Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) remedies and acupuncture were more commonly used to treat acute and chronic illnesses, respectively. Praying for health, herbal therapy, and dietary supplementation were the most popular CAM types utilized by Iranian CVD patients. However, future investigations seem to be required to determine the exact physiological impacts, probable adverse effects, and long-term benefits of CAM therapies in this population.

Traits of cancer patients and CAM usage

BackgroundThe use of Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) Methods is increasing and therefore gaining importance also in conventional western medicine. Identifying personal traits to make out by whom and why CAM is used can help physicians in successful physician–patient interaction, and thus improve patient’s compliance and trust towards their physician.Patients and methodsA questionnaire was passed on to cancer patients in an ambulant clinical and a rehabilitation setting. Multiple regression analyses were run to examine possible predictors for CAM use, such as gender, age, level of education, spirituality, attentiveness, self-efficacy and resilience. To differentiate within CAM users, two dependent variables were created: “holistic and mind–body methods”, such as Yoga, meditation or Homeopathy and “material based methods”, such as food supplements or vitamins.ResultsHigher level of education, younger age and religion-independent attentiveness were significant predictors for the use of “material based methods”. Female gender, higher education and religious spirituality were detected as significant predictors for “holistic and mind–body methods”.ConclusionThis study is among the first to take a more detailed look at how numerous personal traits are associated with the use of CAM methods and differentiate between the applied methods. Our finding should be considered by conventional health care providers and could be integrated into a holistic assessment, to offer information about complementary medicine and meeting patients’ needs.

Use of Complementary Alternative Medicine and the Associated Factors among Patients with Depression

Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) has been widely used in the world, but limited data are available on the use of CAM in depression. This study aimed to evaluate the use of CAM and its associated factors in depression. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 depressed patients referred to the Yasuj Neurology and Psychiatric Clinic, southern Iran, between 2019 and 2020. A valid semistructured international questionnaire was used; amongst the participants, 230 (77%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 41.47 ± 12.2 years and the mean duration of the disease was 4.49 ± 4.88 years. The prevalence of CAM use was 37.6% among the patients. The results showed a significant difference between the CAM users and nonusers regarding the disease duration (p=0.045) and body mass index (p=0.007). Moreover, the results of logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between CAM use and female gender, disease duration, overweight, obesity, and self-employment (p=0.039, p=0.028, p=0.029, p=0.048, and p=0.044, resp.). The most frequently used type of CAM was herbal medicine (97.35%) followed by pray therapy (23.89%). Additionally, the most widely used herbs were borage (77%), chamomile (46.9%), and lavender (21.2%). Furthermore, 62.8% of the patients reported that their main reason for using CAM was its effectiveness. The majority of the patients (77%) had not consulted their physicians prior to utilization of CAM therapies. Herbal medicine was the most common form of CAM in depression, with a high satisfaction level. Thus, it is necessary to increase physicians' awareness in different fields of CAM.

Prevalence and predictors of the usage of complementary alternative medicine among infertile patients

PurposeThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics and the most frequently used complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) methods among infertile couples. A secondary aim was to assess predictors and patients’ attitude to disclose the usage of CAM. MethodsThis study was designed as a cross-sectional survey and conducted on patients admitted to infertility clinics of two hospitals. ResultsThe overall prevalence of CAM among 324 infertile participants (162 couples) was 25.6 % (n = 83). 48 % of the infertile couples had experience with at least one type of CAM method and the most commonly used CAM was herbal products (84 %). The frequency of CAM tended to be higher among females compared to males (33 % versus 17 %, respectively; p = 0.02). Patients who failed to conceive with previous medical therapies were more inclined to use CAM (p = 0.01). After logistic regression analyses, only gender and previous unsuccessful ART treatment were found to be associated independently with CAM use. ConclusionCAM use is common among infertile population. CAM users were more likely to be women at any age who had failed to achieve a pregnancy with previous artificial reproductive treatment(s), mainly used herbal products and mostly reluctant to report the use of CAM.

Usage of Complementary Alternative Medicine among the Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) includes Ayruveda, Homeopathy, Unani,yoga and Naturopathy, and other traditional medicine.Aim and Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of usage of CAM among thepatients attending tertiary care hospital.Methodology: It was observational study. 528 patients were included in to the study randomly from outpatientdepartment. Study instrument was a pre-designed, pre-tested,semi-structured schedule.Results: The prevalence of Complementary alternative Medicine usage was 22.3%. Homeopathy was usedmost commonly (59.3%) by the users. 10.2% of users were continuing the usage of CAM. Most commonindications for usage of CAM were musculo-skeletal problems (29.7%), allergies (23.7%).Conclusion: Around one-fourth of patients attending tertiary care hospital were using CAM. Patients optedfor CAM because of lesser side effects and more effective. Only few percent revealed to the doctors aboutthe usage of CAM.

Knowledge, attitudes, and usage of complementary-alternative medicine (CAM): A national survey of clinical psychologists in Indonesia

This nationwide cross-sectional study aimed to explore Indonesian clinical psychologists’ (CP) knowledge, attitudes, and usage of complementary-alternative medicines (CAM). A link to the online survey was emailed to all 1045 registered CP in the Indonesian Clinical Psychology Association database. Participants were asked about: CAM knowledge, attitudes towards CAM, and CAM usage activities (personal purpose, recommendation, referral, and the use of CAM in practice). Two hundred and seventy-four CP completed the questionnaire (mean of age = 35.4 years, SD = 7.87) and were predominantly female (n = 237, 86.5%). Participants reported low CAM knowledge and positive attitudes towards CAM. Almost half of the participants reported personal experiences of using CAM as the main resource of CAM knowledge. The majority of participants (n = 239, 87.2%) had used CAM personally, had recommended CAM (n = 230, 83.9%), had made a referral to a CAM practitioner (n = 143, 52.2%), and had used CAM in their clinical practice (n = 180, 65.7%). Spiritual-religious therapy was the most often used method by participants. In exploring prediction models, it was found that age, knowledge of, together with attitudes towards CAM contributed to the prediction of CAM usage activities. In conclusion, despite low CAM knowledge, CP in Indonesia reported positive attitudes towards CAM and most had used CAM. Findings from this study might be used by professional organizations, psychology faculties, and the government to review the basic competency of CP and regulation in integrating CAM to psychology services.

Use of complementary medicine among patients with allergic rhinitis: an Italian nationwide survey

BackgroundA growing use of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) has been found in Europe as well in Italy for chronic diseases, including the allergic rhinitis. The study aims at investigating the prevalence and the pattern of use of CAM amongst patient with allergic rhinitis.MethodsA 12-item questionnaire was developed by a panel of experts and administered to patients with moderate/severe allergic rhinitis consecutively referring during the study time-frame to seven allergy clinics placed all around Italy. The items covered several topics including reason for choosing CAM, its clinical efficacy, schedule of treatment, costs, type of therapy.ResultsOverall 359 questionnaires were analysed. 20% of patients declared CAM use. A significant correlation between the use of CAM and female sex (p < 0.01) and with a higher level of education (p < 0.01) was observed. CAM users were adults (36% in the range between 20 and 40 years and 32% between 41 and 60 years). Youngsters (< 20 years) (7%) and elderly (> 60) (25%) less frequently used CAM.The most used type of CAM was homoeopathy (77% of patients). 60% of users would recommend CAM despite a poor clinical efficacy according to 67% of them.ConclusionsAlthough no evidence supports CAM efficacy and safety, the number of patients who relies on it is not negligible. As allergic rhinitis is not a trivial disease, the use of CAM as the only treatment for it should be discouraged at any level, but by general practitioner and specialist in particular.

College students' communication about complementary and alternative medicine practices

While the use of Complementary/Alternative Medicine (CAM) has increased over the last two decades, how patients communicate about their decisions to use CAM has yet to be fully explored. The purpose of this study is to examine college students’ decision-making and communication about CAM. Fourteen college students participated in semi-structured focus group interviews about their CAM use and communication about CAM with family, friends, and health care providers. Participants use CAM to improve their physical and mental health. However, they have difficulties justifying their decision to practice CAM to others. They relied on CAM not only for physical and mental stability, but also as a sounding board for larger spiritual issues. Participants use passive communication strategies to communicate about their CAM use and often do not disclose CAM use to their providers because of the stigmas related to CAM. There is potential danger for CAM users who do not disclose CAM use to providers, family, and friends. More efforts are needed to encourage open and honest communication about CAM use.

Determination of the Health Services Vocational School Students’ Thoughts and Usage Habits about Herbal Treatment

Usage of complementary-alternative medicine (CAM) is increasing in a rapid manner. Among CAM, herbal applications come in the foreground. This cross-sectional study was conducted by using ‘questionnaire application method’ on 342 students in Inonu University Health Services Vocational School. Analyzes of the data was made by SPSS 17.0 programme by using frequency, percentage and q-square tests. According to the data, 44.1% of the students were obtained to use herbal treatment. Among students; 70,0% stated that they believed in alternative treatment, 72,5% said that the product they used had been good for themselves. The choiced herbal treatment products by students were; products that strengthen the body and the immune system, skin care products, hair care products, pain relief products, products for burn treatment, essences for perfume, slimming products in order. The rates of herbal treatment usage were found to be higher and statistically significant in the groups which; found herbal treatment usage correct, saw the benefits of the treatment that had already been used and were informed about the herbal treatment. It was determined that the students did not investigate different effects or usage purposes of the products they used. The unconscious use of herbal products can cause variety of health problems. Due to their youngness and vocations it is important to determine ‘health services vocational high school students’ knowledge level about herbal and alternative treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the consciousness about herbal treatment and the usage of herbal remedies by health services vocational high school students.

The use of complementary medicine among acne valguris patients: Cross sectional study

Background: Acne vulgaris is a very common skin disease and several modalities are used to manage the condition. Among those is Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM). This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of CAM usage among acne vulgaris patients, and to determine possible factors associated with its adoption over the prescribed modern medicines.Methods: A cross-sectional survey, conducted during an acne awareness campaign at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The survey was conducted between January 21st and 28th 2016.Results: A total of 658 subjects were interviewed of which 68% were female and 32% were male; 72% reported a positive past-history of acne. The face was the most frequently affected site (90.7%). Among all acne sufferers, 77% admitted using CAM. Honey was the most common CAM type used by 53.4%, followed by yogurt (43.4%). Both gender and past history of side effects to medical treatment were associated with CAM use, but the levels of education was not.Conclusions: CAM users were mainly middle-aged females: their high levels of education did not lower the CAM adoption rates. Their choices could have been driven by cultural beliefs and boundaries embedded in the community.

Parental attitudes toward pediatric use of complementary/alternative medicine in Turkey.

This study was conducted to determine the pediatric usage of complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) by parents in Turkey, the incidence of using these methods, and the factors affecting their use. The sectional and relational design of the study included a sample of 497 parents who took children for treatment at the Maternity and Children's Hospital in Giresun, Turkey. Data for the study were collected via the Personal Information Form and the Evaluation Form for Complementary/Alternative Treatment Use. The data collection tools were filled out by the researchers during the face-to-face interviews. Data obtained from the study were analyzed by Pearson chi-square, Fisher-Freeman-Halton and Fisher's exact (posthoc Bonferroni) tests and Z-test. It was determined that 97.7% of the parents had used at least one CAM method. Moreover, the parents had used CAM methods mostly for respiratory complaints. The CAM methods were most commonly used for the symptoms of fever, diarrhea, and cough. It was observed that the most commonly used alternative methods in the past were vitamin/mineral remedies, cold treatments, and hodja (Islamic teacher) consultations, while the most common alternative methods currently used are massage, music, and cold treatment. In addition, the differences found between CAM users in terms of sociodemographic characteristics were not statistically significant. It is crucial for nurses to learn the characteristics of the health/disease treatments used by those with whom they work in order to increase the efficiency of the service they provide. Thus, it was recommended that nurses should be knowledgeable and aware of the benefits/side effects, treatment methods, and contraindications of CAM.

Health professionals' knowledge and attitudes to healthcare-seeking practices and complementary alternative medicine usage in Ugandans with diabetes: a cross-sectional survey.

IntroductionHealthcare-seeking behaviour among persons with diabetes has been investigated to a limited extent, and not from professionals’ perspective. The aim of the study was to describe healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitudes and practice concerning healthcare-seeking behaviour and the use of complementary and alternative medicine among persons with diabetes.MethodsA cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire was conducted in western Uganda. Nurses, midwives or nurse assistants 72.2%, physicians 12% and clinical officers 10% volunteered to participate in the study with a total 108 (93% response rate) response rate. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data with frequencies, percentages and summarized in tables.ResultsMost of the healthcare providers perceived more uneducated people to be at risk of developing complications related to diabetes (66.7%) and that most of the patients with diabetes were not knowledgeable about signs and symptoms of diabetes before being diagnosed (75.9%). The main reasons inducing persons with diabetes to seek care outside the health care sector were reported to be seeking a cure for the condition, influence from the popular sector, the accessibility of the place and signs of complications of diabetes related to poor glycaemic control. Healthcare providers had relatively positive attitudes towards using complementary and alternative medicine.ConclusionInsufficient knowledge about diabetes, compromised healthcare-seeking practices including drug procurement for diabetes seem to be barriers to diabetes management. Patients were thus reported to be burdened with co-morbidities of complications of diabetes related to poor glycaemic control.

Recourse to Complementary/Alternative Medicine (CAM) at Times of Economic Crisis: The Case of Italy

The economic crisis that has invested western countries in the last years has determined a significant reduction in consumption of medication and treatments recourse, too. The Economic recession is generally accompanied by a decrease in health-related consumption, varying according to the welfare model, and especially affecting people of working age with a low income. The present paper focuses on the effects of the economic crisis on users of Complementary/Alternative Medicine treatments (from now on referred as CAM). Based on multi-purpose data analyses, this work aims to examine what kind of strategies such consumers have adopted in order not to neglect their health despite feeling the economic pinch. Our analyses are principally based on ISTAT, Italian National Institute for Recording Statistics findings. Specifically, our research is based on the survey “Health conditions and recourse to health services”. The analysed data refer to the Italian context in the period comprised from 2000 to 2013. The results of this work reveal how, in this delicate phase of the economy, traditional consumers of CAM have signally reduced their use of such treatments. In Italy, in the observed period, factors as working status, age, smoking and chronic diseases have been determinant in the decision to use CAM. The article suggests that, where health is at stake, CAM users are more strategic than the average biomedicine users. Furthermore, confirming the past trend, it shows how difficult it is to afford forms of treatment not covered by the health system as well as it underlines the lack of data for comparison with other countries.

Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Newly Developing Country: a Cross- Sectional Study in Qatar

Background: Scarce data exists on the utilization of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Qatar. Primary care clinics offer an ideal opportunity to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practice of CAM among patients with type II diabetes. Methods: A total of 226 subjects with type II diabetes were examined in this cross-sectional descriptive study. SPSS v. 19 was used to analyze the data and predictors of CAM use were identified through the utilization of multiple logistic regressions. Results: 53 % of respondents reported utilizing CAM. Females were 1.2 times more likely to use CAM than males. South East Asians (47.7%) were the most frequent users, followed by Iranians (37.6%) and Arabs (14.6%). Herbal powder (54.4%) was the most widely used, followed by bitter gourd (44%) and fenugreek (40%). Being South East Asian (odds ratio [OR] 5.297, 95 %, CI 2.892-9.377), Muslim (OR 5.259, 95%, CI 2.995-9.198) and attaining a secondary and higher education (OR 5.239, 95%, CI 2.898- 9.595) were the only predictors for CAM use after adjustments for gender, ethnicity, religion, occupation, family household income and hypertension. Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of CAM usage among patients with type II diabetes living in Doha, Qatar. This use is associated with patients’ family educational level, source of information, previous experience and their view about concomitant use of CAM and conventional medicine. The most-common complementary alternative medicinal products used were herbal powder, bitter gourd and fenugreek. Due to the high prevalence of usage of CAM future studies on the anti-glycemic properties of the utilized herbs should be carried out.

Social network bridging potential and the use of complementary and alternative medicine in later life

The use of complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) is typically modeled as a function of individual health beliefs, including changes in perceptions of conventional medicine, an orientation toward more holistic care, and increasing patient involvement in health care decision-making. Expanding on research that shows that health-related behavior is shaped by social networks, this paper examines the possibility that CAM usage is partly a function of individuals' social network structure. We argue that people are more likely to adopt CAM when they function as bridges between network members who are otherwise not (or poorly) connected to each other. This circumstance not only provides individuals with access to a wider range of information about treatment options, it also reduces the risk of sanctioning by network members if one deviates from conventional forms of treatment. We test this idea using data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), a nationally representative study of older Americans. Analyses of egocentric social network data show that older adults with bridging potential in their networks are significantly more likely to engage in a greater number of types of CAM. We close by discussing alternative explanations of these findings and their potential implications for research on CAM usage.

The prevalence, awareness and potential of complementary alternative medicine in type 2 diabetics living in Madurai, India

IntroductionThe use of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) is increasing, especially among patients with diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness and potential effects of CAM use amongst patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MethodsA total of 357 healthy and T2D patients were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Blood pressure was measured and HbA1c, glucose levels in blood and urine were analyzed. ResultsThe prevalence of CAM usage was 45.4% among the diabetes patients. Of the study population, 91.3% were aware of CAM and reported using both biological and mind body based practices compared to those using CAM as whole medical system. Family members were the major reason patients chose CAM (55.6%) and 54.9% of the CAM users reported their satisfaction with results. Better glycemic control was observed in CAM users (p<0.01) when compared to non-CAM users. ConclusionThe present study suggests that CAM may play a role in improving glycemic control for T2D and recommends further in depth studies among T2D patients which may help to improve their health outcomes.

Substitutes or complements? Diagnosis and treatment with non-conventional and conventional medicine.

Portugal has a strong tradition of conventional western healthcare. So it provides a natural case study for the relationship between Complementary/Alternative Medicine (CAM) and Western Medicine (WM). This work aims to test the relationship between CAM and WM users in the diagnosis and treatment stages and to estimate the determinants of CAM choice. The forth Portuguese National Health Survey is employed to estimate two single probit models and obtain the correlation between the consumption of CAM and WM medicines in the diagnosis and treatment stages. Firstly, both in the diagnosis and the treatment stage, CAM and WM are seen to be complementary choices for individuals. Secondly, self-medication also shows complementarity with the choice of CAM treatment. Thirdly, education has a non-linear relationship with the choice of CAM. Finally, working status, age, smoking and chronic disease are determinant factors in the decision to use CAM. The results of this work are relevant to health policy-makers and for insurance companies. Patients need freedom of choice and, for the sake of safety and efficacy of treatment, WM and CAM healthcare ought to be provided in a joint and integrated health system.

Prayer-for-health and complementary alternative medicine use among Malaysian breast cancer patients during chemotherapy.

BackgroundThe inclusion of prayer-for-health (PFH) in the definition of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) has resulted in higher levels of CAM use. The objective of this study was to assess PFH and CAM use among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed at two chemotherapy providers. Patients were questioned about use of three categories of CAM, mind-body practices (MBPs), natural products (NPs) and traditional medicine (TM). PFH was also examined separately from CAM to better characterise the patterns of CAM and PFH used during chemotherapy.ResultsA total of 546 eligible patients participated in the study; 70.7% (n = 386) reported using some form of CAM, and 29.3% (n = 160) were non-CAM users. When PFH was excluded as a CAM, fewer patients reported the use of CAM (66.1%; n = 361). The total number of patients who used MBPs decreased from 342 to 183. The most common CAM use category was NPs (82.8%), followed by MBPs (50.7%), and TM (35.7%). CAM users were more likely to have a tertiary education (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.15–3.89 vs. primary/lower), have household incomes > RM 3,000 (≈944 USD) per month (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.40–3.84 vs. ≤RM 3,000 (≈944 USD)), and have advanced cancer (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.18–2.59 vs. early stage cancer), compared with non-CAM users. The CAM users were less likely to have their chemotherapy on schedule (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.10–0.58 vs. chemotherapy postponed) than non-CAM users. Most MBPs were perceived to be more helpful by their users, compared with the users of NPs and TM.ConclusionCAM use was prevalent among breast cancer patients. Excluding PFH from the definition of CAM reduced the prevalence of overall CAM use. Overall, CAM use was associated with higher education levels and household incomes, advanced cancer and lower chemotherapy schedule compliance. Many patients perceived MBP to be beneficial for improving overall well-being during chemotherapy. These findings, while preliminary, clearly indicate the differences in CAM use when PFH is included in, and excluded from, the definition of CAM.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-425) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

P-074: Food practices and use of complementary & alternative medicine (CAM) in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in Singapore

P-074: Food practices and use of complementary & alternative medicine (CAM) in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in Singapore