Complaints Of Shoulder Pain Research Articles

A Case Report of Synchronous Lung Adenocarcinoma and Systemic Mastocytosis

Systemic mastocytosis(SM) is an extremely rare disease and is characterized by clonal proliferation of mast cells in any part of the body. SM patients are prone to developing cancer. Although the relationship between lung adenocarcinoma and SM is unclear, they share similar mutations. A female patient in her 40s presented with complaints of shoulder pain and unexpected weight. Later, the patient was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma. Additionally, systemic mastocytosis was detected while investigating her B symptoms and anemia. Induction chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel was decided as initial treatment. She did not respond to 3 cycles of this chemotherapy regimen. Radiotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin was applied as second-line treatment. Although the size of the lung adenocarcinoma was stable, her anemia, shoulder pain, B symptoms, and cachexia improved after second-line treatment. We present a case of synchronous lung adenocarcinoma and systemic mastocytosis presenting with B symptoms and shoulder pain.

The usage and weight of backpacks are associated with shoulder pain complaints among elementary students

Background: In recent years, backpack use has drastically increased, especially among elementary school students. This has led to an increase in musculoskeletal complaints, such as shoulder pain, due to the duration of use and the weight of the backpacks. This study investigated the correlation between the duration of use and the weight of backpacks on shoulder pain complaints in grades IV-VI elementary school students. Methods: This study employed an analytical observational research design with a cross-sectional study design. The inclusion criteria for this study were students aged 10-12 years old, using backpacks with shoulder straps, walking to and from school. In contrast, the exclusion criteria were injuries in the shoulder region. The sampling technique employed in this study was probability sampling, specifically simple random sampling. The research was conducted at Islamic Elementary School 1 and 2 in Karangasem, Bali. The sample size was calculated using the Lameshow formula, resulting in 106 samples. Results: Based on bivariate analysis using Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (r), the p-value obtained was 0.000 (p< 0.05) for both independent variables, with correlation coefficients of r = 0.570 for the duration of use variable and r = 0.709 for the backpack weight variable. Based on multivariate analysis using Multiple Linear Regression in the F-test or simultaneous test, the p-value obtained was 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there was a correlation between the duration of use and the backpack's weight on shoulder pain complaints, both partially and simultaneously.

Intra- and Inter-Rater Reliability of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurements of Supraspinatus Muscle Thickness, Acromiohumeral Distance, and Coracohumeral Distance in Patients with Shoulder Pain

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-rater reliability coefficients of the supraspinatus muscle thickness (SMT ), acromiohumeral distance (AHD), and coracohumeral distance (CHD) in patients with shoulder pain. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 80 patients who presented with complaints of shoulder pain at a single centre between January 2023 and January 2024. The supraspinatus muscle thickness, acromiohumeral distance, and coracohumeral distance measurements were obtained one week apart by two observers. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), minimum detectable change, and standard error of measurement were subsequently calculated. Results: AHD intra-rater reliability results evaluated on coronal sections were excellent (Rater 1, ICC=0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.97; Rater 2 ICC=0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.84). AHD intra-rater reliability results evaluated on sagittal sections were excellent (Rater 1, ICC=0.94; 95% CI; 0.91-0.96; Rater 2 ICC=0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.85). The results of CHD measured using coronal sections were good (Rater 1, ICC=0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.90; Rater 2 ICC=0.82; 95% CI, 0.71-0.88). SMT measurement results measured using coronal sections were excellent (Rater 1, ICC=0.98; CI, 0.98-0.99; Rater 2, ICC=0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.93).The inter-rater reliability values were good for AHD-Coronal (ICC= 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.84) and AHD-Sagittal (ICC=0.86; 95% CI, 0.79-0.91), were fair for CHD evaluated on coronal sections (ICC=0.74; %95 CI, 0.58-0.83), and were excellent for SMT evaluated on coronal sections (ICC=0.92; 95% CI, 0.87-0.95). Conclusion: These results suggest that magnetic resonance imaging measurements of the supraspinatus muscle thickness and acromiohumeral distance can be reliable and consistent for the clinical evaluation of patients with shoulder pain. Keywords: Reliability, shoulder measurement, magnetic resonance imaging

The effect of reduced acromiohumeral distance and increased acromial thickness on the risk of rotator cuff tear.

This study aimed to determine the effect of reduced acromiohumeral distance (AHD) and increased acromial thickness (AT) on the risk of rotator cuff tear (RCT). Patients aged 25-70 were included in this retrospective study. Patients who were operated on for RCT between January 2019 and December 2021 were included in group 1, and patients who applied to the outpatient clinic in the same period with a complaint of shoulder pain and no problem on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included in group 2. Three researchers performed AHD and AT measurements on the same true anteroposterior (AP) shoulder radiographs. The second measurement was performed 1 month later when, the first measurements were completed. Radiographs of 284 patients in group 1 and 234 patients in group 2 were evaluated. In group 1, the mean AHD measurement was 8.25 ± 1.73 mm, and the AT measurement was 8.58 ± 1.06 mm. In group 2, the mean AHD measurement was 10.25 ± 1.4 mm, and the AT measurement was 8.35 ± 0.92 mm. A significant relationship was determined between the RCT and the AHD (P < .001). Also, RCT and AT have a significant relationship (P < .001). The authors determined that the risk of RCT increased 3.45 times when patients with AHD 6-10 mm were compared with patients with AHD >10 mm. In addition, all patients with AHD < 6mm had RCT, and the risk of RCT increased 1.42 times when patients with AT > 8 mm were compared with patients with AT < 8 mm. Acromiohumeral distance and AT measurements are practical, inexpensive, and valuable in evaluating RCT. Decreased AHD and increased AT increase the risk of RCT.

Factors Associated With Neck and Shoulder Pain Complaints In Computer Using Office Stafin Primary Health Center Deli Serdang

The development of science and technology is increasingly rapid, which is marked by the use of computers in every activity, one of which is office work. Continuous use of a computer while working can cause neck and shoulder pain. This study aims to explain the factors associated with complaints of neck and shoulder pain among computer users. Quantitative with an analytical survey approach using a cross-sectional research design is the focus used in this research. The sample in this study consisted of 31 people using a two-stage cluster random sampling technique. The research was conducted in the Deli Serdang Community Health Center Working Area. Data was collected using primary data using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire which was filled in by respondents and the RULA assessment sheet which was filled out by researchers. The results of data collection are processed using statistical software. Data were analyzed using the chi square test with a confidence level of 95% (?=5%). The results of the research show that there is a significant relationship between work posture, intensity of computer use and length of work (p=0.000; 0.012; 0.012) with computer use. It is recommended that office staff who use computers should pay attention to work posture when doing work, using a chair. standards and stretches every 20 minutes after using the computer.

The Spectrum of Shoulder Pathologies on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Pictorial Review.

Patients present to the orthopedic outpatient department with complaints of shoulder pain on movement or restriction of movement in the shoulder joint and are referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the shoulder joint. Almost all the patients have similar complaints but may have a wide range of pathology affecting the joint and causing pain. Rotator cuff tears or tendinopathy are the most common causes of shoulder pain. Ultrasound (USG) and MRI are the most commonly used imaging modalities for assessing rotator cuff pathologies. There is a wide range of pathologies affecting the shoulder joint, other than rotator cuff tendinopathies or tears, for which USG is less sensitive and specific in detecting accurate pathology. MRI is the choice of imaging for shoulder joint pathologies. We present a pictorial review discussing and depicting MRI features of a wide list of pathologies of the shoulder joint complex that should be kept in mind when the patient presents with shoulder pain.

Relationship between lifting load and shoulder pain complaints in material transport workers

Background: Many workers have experienced increased shoulder pain due to lifting and transporting materials. Workers who lift too heavy a load can cause unhealthy body conditions and experience pain complaints in the shoulder area. This study aimed to determine the relationship between lifting weights and shoulder pain complaints of material transport workers in Gianyar.&#x0D; Methods: This research used the cross-sectional design. The research was conducted offline or directly in the field. The sampling technique used is using total sampling with a total of 64 people. The Spearman rho test was used to analyze the data.&#x0D; Results: The research results on lifting weights with shoulder pain were obtained from research samples with complaints of shoulder pain. Namely, there were 62 people, 99% without complaints of shoulder pain, as much as 1%. Through the Spearman test, the pain value p = 0.000, and the r-value in the relationship of shoulder pain complaints is r = 0.551.&#x0D; Conclusion: There was a relationship between lifting weights and shoulder pain complaints in material transport workers in Gianyar.

Efficacy of Low-level Laser Versus High-intensity Laser Therapy in the Management of Adhesive Capsulitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) are effective in alleviating pain and improving functionality in patients with adhesive capsulitis (AC); however, no study has compared the efficacy of these two laser treatments. To compare the effectiveness of LLLT and HILT in improving the shoulder joint range of motion and functional status and in reducing pain level in patients with AC. Prospective, randomized, parallel group, patient- and assessor-blinded. A total of 45 patients (aged: 18-65 years) with complaint of shoulder pain were evaluated for inclusion criteria, which included being aged 18-65 years and a diagnosis of AC based on physical examinations. Using computer-generated random numbers, eligible patients were randomized into two groups: HILT + stretching exercise and LLLT + stretching exercise groups. Both HILT and LLLT were performed three times/week for 3 weeks. Functional status and pain of the patients were evaluated with Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while shoulder joint range of motion was measured with goniometry. All assessments were done before and 3 weeks after treatment. A total of 40 patients (20 in each group) completed the study. At baseline, there was no statistically significant difference in the demographic and clinical characteristics between both groups. Both the LLLT and HILT groups showed significant improvement in the VAS and SPADI scores 3 weeks after treatment; however, the improvement was significantly higher in the HILT group than the LLLT group. There was no significant improvement in goniometric scores in both groups compared with baseline. No injury or other musculoskeletal complications were recorded during or after the treatments. HILT + stretching exercise treatment was more effective than LLLT + stretching exercise for improving functional parameters and pain in patients with AC. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05469672. None.

Comparison of Goniometry and Video Analysis in Measuring Shoulder Range of Motion of Collegiate Athletes

Background: The shoulder joint’s multiplanar motion creates a challenge in measurement of range of motion (ROM). Goniometry is currently the most common tool for measuring ROM in the clinic due to its ease of use, but is subjective in nature. Video capture rigs have become popular in all facets of motion monitoring, but they can be limited to large open spaces and user discrepancy. Further, motion capture with wireless wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) has also become popular but is often cost/implementation prohibitive. Understanding the consistency between these recording methods must be established to understand if a therapy impacts the shoulder complex.&#x0D; Methods: Student athletes with complaints of shoulder pain and decreased ROM in their dominant arm were separated into cohorts receiving twelve therapy sessions. One cohort received chiropractic manipulation therapy and the other received functional movement-based myofascial release therapy combined with chiropractic manipulation. Shoulder ROM was measured via seven standard tests during the first, sixth, and last sessions using goniometry, video capture, and IMUs. Following data collection, results of the measurement techniques were compared.&#x0D; Results: Preliminary statistical analysis conducted between goniometry and video capture indicates measurement techniques differ for three of seven standard ROM tests, pronated flexion, supinated abduction, and internal rotation (p-value ≤ 0.05). Reliability between individuals analyzing video capture is strong, with an ICC of 0.994. This indicates consistency between individuals taking measurement of shoulder ROM using this method. IMU data has been collected with analysis forthcoming.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study is limited by the number of participants (n=4). Preliminary results indicate that consistency in video analysis may make it preferable to standard goniometry. A larger, more comprehensive study is needed to provide conclusive results, including IMU data. These conclusive results could indicate that clinical use of video capture or IMUs should replace standard goniometry if other implementation hurdles can be reduced.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Perangkat Digital Terhadap Timbulnya Nyeri Leher dan Bahu Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Yarsi

Background: The use of digital devices such as Personal Computers, laptops, smartphones that do not pay attention to the duration and ergonomic position will cause musculoskeletal pain such as in the neck and shoulders. Objective: To determine the effect of posture and duration of using the device on the incidence of neck pain in students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Yarsi. Research Method: Analytical research with a cross sectional approach. The population and sample are all YARSI University Medical Faculty students class of 2020. The type of data is primary data using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate. Research Results: Obtained 140 respondents met the inclusion criteria. Based on the duration of use of the device (users), it is found very often 38.6%; often 29.3% ; being 27.9% and 4.3% rare. The posture of 72.9% of users is sitting reclined; 23.6% sat without back support; 3.6% lying down. Complaints of pain in the user's upper neck, 14.3% did not complain, 40% had moderate pain, 33.6% had pain, and 7.9% had very much pain. For complaints of lower neck pain, 12.1% did not complain, 47.1% had moderate pain, 33.6% had pain and 7.1% had very much pain. Complaints of shoulder pain, as much as 10.7% did not complain, 40% had some pain, 38.6% had pain, and 10.7% had very much pain. Most of the respondents experienced one-sided shoulder pain 61.4%. In the user posture group, the incidence of upper and lower neck pain, as well as the shoulders, was analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, and all results showed a p value above 0.05. To find out the difference between the duration and the onset of upper neck pain, a test was performed. post-hoc, and in the comparison of the "moderate" and "frequently" duration groups with the "very often" group regarding the incidence of neck pain, the p value results were below 0.05 which means it was significant. Conclusion: From this study, 61.4% of respondents experienced shoulder pain on one side. Posture does not affect the occurrence of upper neck pain, lower neck pain, and shoulder pain, while the duration of more than 8 hours has been shown to affect neck and shoulder pain in users.

Return to Job of A Construction Worker by Comprehensive Functional and Vocational Rehabilitation

Background: Employees in the construction industry perform a variety of tasks. In order to accomplish this work, individuals must repeatedly lift and carry objects overhead. To perform this work efficiently complete shoulder range of motion anad strength of the rotator cuff muscles are important components. Here a patient with displaced two-part fracture of greater tuberosity and rotator cuff tear treated surgically has already reduced shoulder ROM and strength it is leading cause of absenteeism from work. This imposes a greater socioeconomic burden on patient. The purpose of this study was to improve range of motion and rotator cuff muscle strength as he has to resume his work as soon as possible. Case description: The patient was a 37 years old male, a construction worker by profession who sustained a shoulder injury as the result of fall. After the investigations, he was diagnosed with an isolated greater tuberosity fracture and rotator cuff tear. He was treated conservatively for 4 weeks, without success. Later, he was undergoing surgical treatment and referred for physiotherapy. Patient came with complaint of shoulder pain while performing shoulder movement and difficulty in initiating shoulder movement. Early Physiotherapy was given to reduce the pain, and improve strength of rotator cuff muscles and regain the range of motion and vocational rehabilitation.

Acromion types and morphometric evaluation of painful shoulders.

Due to its many variations, the scapula is among the most frequently examined bones. Especially the acromion can be of different shapes and sizes. Measurements of the morphometric structures in the shoulder joint make it easier to explain the cause of the various shoulder problems. The objective of this study is putting emphasis on the importance of acromion types, os acromiale presence and acromial morphometric measurements in the aetiology and diagnosis of shoulder pain. A retrospective study, based on 100 patients of both genders who presented with the complaints of shoulder pain and underwent magnetic resonance imaging, was conducted. Within this scope, types of acromion, slope of acromion, length of acromion, length of coracoid process, the distance between acromion and coracoid process, lateral acromial angle (LAA), critical shoulder angle (CSA), acromial index (AI) and acromiohumeral distance were measured. The data were analysed considering the gender and acromion types and the presence of os acromiale is investigated. The most common acromion was type II (curved) (frequency rate 62%) while the rate of type I (flat) and type III (hooked) acromions were 21% and 17%, respectively. The length of acromion and coracoid process were found to be significantly longer in males, while no significant difference between genders in terms of the distance between acromion and coracoid process were observed. Furthermore, while negative correlation between LAA and AI as well as LAA and CSA were observed; positive correlation between AI and CSA was found. In addition, there was negative correlation between slope of acromion and acromiohumeral distance. Besides, acromiohumeral distance was significantly higher in males. Regarding the presence of os acromiale, it was observed in 3 women out of 59 and 2 men out of 41, which indicated no significant difference between genders. It is evaluated that the morphometric measurement is of importance in contributing clinically in distinguishing the problems that may occur according to gender and acromion types.

Ultrasound-Tailored Treatment of Subacromial Shoulder Pain

Background and Objectives: Subacromial shoulder pain is the most common cause of shoulder pain consultation in musculoskeletal practice. Partial supraspinatus tendon tears have frequently been treated using a subacromial corticosteroid injection or surgery. The clinical use of a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection is an alternative treatment method for the condition, despite the paucity of evidence of its efficacy. The objective of the study was to assess the clinical effectiveness of autologous PRP in comparison to steroid injection in terms of pain relief and functional restoration in subacromial shoulder pathology. Methodology: All the patients above 18 years of either sex presenting with complaints of shoulder pain and painful abduction and elevation of arm for more than 6 weeks and not received any steroid injection in the previous 6 months were included in the study. In intra-articular PRP (IA-PRP), i.e., test group, 20 patients received 3 ml of single IA PRP injection, and in the steroid group (control group), 20 patients received 1 ml of intra-articular corticosteroid (IA CS) into glenohumeral joint under ultrasound (US) guidance. All patients were prospectively followed for 6 months. Results: There were no differences in visual analog scale (VAS) and disability scores between the PRP and corticosteroid groups at 1-month follow-up. However, the PRP group had better scores than the corticosteroid group on both the VAS and disability scores at 3- and 6-month follow-up. The VAS and disability scores did not change significantly at 6-month follow-up in the corticosteroid group; however, the PRP group showed continued improvement in both VAS and disability scores between 1- and 6-month follow-up. The PRP group had better scores than the corticosteroid group on shoulder range of motion after postintervention follow-up after 1 month. There were no complications in either group. Conclusion: Both subacromial PRP and corticosteroid injections had a positive clinical response in the treatment of shoulder pain. In view of the reached results, it may be assumed that steroid injections may provide symptomatic relief but not promote healing which makes PRP injection a good alternative as it is simple, easy to use, easily available, prepared from patient's own blood, and cost-effective. US-guided injections may increase the efficacy of accurately targeted injections.

Bilateral Elastofibroma Dorsi

1.1. Introduction: Elastofibroma dorsi (ED) is a benign, uncommon tumor, which appears in the subscapular and infrascapular region. Etiology is still under discussion. Total surgical excision is the optional treatment for symptomatic EFD. 1.2. Presentation of Case: A 48-year-old male patient presented with 2 years’ complaint of shoulder pain and paresthesia, mostly aggravated with shoulder movements and infrascapular swelling bilaterally. Both masses were totally excised with bilateral posterolateral subscapular incision. Symptoms and significant discomfort from the surgical procedure was completely resolved within a few weeks’ interval from the operation. 1.3. Discussion: it is a rare tumor, and its etiology suspected to be due to repetitive trauma and still under question, image is the best method to diagnose it. 1.4. Conclusion: EFD is a benign soft tissue tumor, placed at infrascapular region, treated with total simple excision, biopsy is not needed

Values of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Patients with Syndromes of Subacromial Impingement

Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is defined as pressurization and impingement between the acromion, the bursa under the acromion, and the rotator cuff during the abduction and elevation of the shoulder joint, resulting in pain and a functional disturbance of elevation. It is the most common disorder of the shoulder, accounting for 44-65% of all complaints of shoulder pain during a physician’s office visit. The study was performed with the aim of valuing the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing patients with SIS. A total of 68 patients with SIS were selected as study subjects and subjected to MRI and CT examinations. The diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of MRI and CT were, respectively, 97.06 and 70.59% ( P &lt; 0.05 ); the detection rates of SIS grade I, grade II, and grade III by MRI were 91.67%, 96.77%, and 100%, respectively, which were significantly higher than 50%, 80.65%, and 68% by CT, respectively ( P &lt; 0.05 ). MRI and CT detection indicated that there was no significant difference in extensive rotator cuff tear, acromion stenosis, and normal acromion detected by MRI and CT ( P &gt; 0.05 ). In conclusion, the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and detection rate of acromion of MRI were higher compared with those of CT examination, and MRI is more suitable in the clinical diagnosis of SIS.

Characteristics of complaints and functional outcomes of conservatively treated clavicle fractures in Dr. Soetomo general hospital: A case series

ABSTRACT Shoulder pain is a major complaint of patients with clavicle fractures as a result of trauma. At present most clavicle fracture treatments are performed surgery, although conservative therapy can produce the same results. This report aimed to show whether there were complaints of shoulder pain or disability in patients who have suffered clavicle fractures treated conservatively. There were fifteen patients with clavicle fractures at Dr. Soetomo Surabaya from January to July 2015, consisting of 14 male and one female patient. Data was taken from medical records, patient clinical records, home visits, physical examinations, SPADI questionnaires, and Quick DASH for patients. The results of SPADI questionnaire were varied; there were eight patients (53%) with an output of 0%, one patient (7%) each with a score of 0.63%, 1.25%, 5.90%, 7.13%, 8.50%, 9.90%, and a score of 10.50%. The results of calculating the Quick DASH questionnaire score also varied. There were ten patients (67%) with a score of 0, three patients (20%) with a score of 2.27, one patient (7%) with a score of 13.6, and one patient (6%) with a score of 6.81. In conclusion: (1) From the evaluation of 15 patients, there were no complaints of pain and disability in the shoulder joint. (2) From the evaluation of the results of the calculation of the SPADI questionnaire and Quick DASH, there were no significant complaints of shoulder joint pain and disability. (3) The conservative treatment of closed fractures on the clavicle can still be a reliable choice of treatment. Keywords : Clavicle fractures, shoulder pain, conservative clavicle.Correspondence to: brijurnalqanun@gmail.com

Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit in non-pitcher overhead athletic athletes: case series analysis of ten athletes

BackgroundThe glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) is diagnosed when there is a loss of 20° of internal rotation compared to the contralateral shoulder. This condition has already been well described in a group of throwing athletes, i.e. baseball pitchers. However, athletic athletes such as javelin throwers, discus throwers, hammer throwers, shot putters may also be susceptible to this condition. Reports are lacking to recognize these symptoms as GIRD for these group of athletes. We aim to evaluate these subgroups of athletes for the possibility of GIRD. Materials and methodsWe examined ten athletes (javelin, hammer throwers, and shot putters) for signs of GIRD. Signs of loss of internal rotation were assessed by measuring shoulder range of motion (internal rotation and external rotation) in supine position and posterior shoulder tightness test. Complaints of shoulder pain, evidence of scapular malposition, inferior medial border prominence, coracoid pain and malposition, and dyskinesis of scapular movement (SICK) scapula, posterior shoulder flexibility test were examined. ResultsThe athletes had a mean training period of 3.8 years. One athlete had complaints of mild pain on their dominant shoulder. Two athletes had GIRD (20° and 25°) with no posterior shoulder tightness. Three athletes had posterior shoulder tightness, but normal total shoulder ROM (195°, 180°, and 185°). Three athletes had increased external rotation (105°, 100°, 125°). No subjects had scapular dyskinesia nor SICK scapula syndrome. All athletes had normal total shoulder ROM. ConclusionGlenohumeral internal rotation deficit could be present in non-pitcher overhead athletics athletes.

Parental Awareness About School Backpack, Weight Carried by Their Children and related Musculoskeletal Problems

Introduction: Backpacks are a convenient means to carry essential educational materials for school children. Backpack design, carrying technique and its load is related to several health consequences i.e., altered gait, bad posture and musculoskeletal pain. Parental awareness and their supervision can help their children to carry appropriate school backpack with rationale weight. Therefore, this study aims to assess parental awareness about school backpacks; identify backpack weight carried by their children and identify children’s musculoskeletal complaints with their parents.&#x0D; Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. The study consisted of purposively selected 94 parents whose children were studying in grade VI to VIII at local school. Face to face interview of around 30 minutes duration was taken by using semi structured interview schedule. Backpack weight was identified by weighing children with and without bag in their school and subtracted to identify the actual backpack weight. Data was analysed by using SPSS version 20 and described by using descriptive statistics.&#x0D; Results: In this study, more than 90% parents were aware of the recommended weight of school backpack i.e., &lt;15% of body weight. About 96% parents answered that backpack should be light; similar percentage told that it should have well-padded shoulder straps and 87% answered that it should be appropriate to child’s age and weight. Around 70% to 90% parents were aware of appropriate handling of school backpacks. While identifying parental awareness about musculoskeletal effects of backpacks, they told as shoulder pain (79%), fatigue (76%) and neck pain (56%). In this study, 72% children were carrying backpacks greater than the recommended weights. Their parents told that children often had complaints of shoulder pain (78%) and neck pain (69%)&#x0D; Conclusions: Most parents were aware of the standards and handling of school backpack but in reality, more than two third of their children were carrying heavy school backpacks.

Psychometric Properties of the OSPRO-YF Screening Tool in Patients with Shoulder Pathology.

Purpose: The Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome Yellow Flag (OSPRO-YF) is a screening tool that incorporates many important psychosocial domains into one questionnaire to reduce the burden of completing multiple questionnaires. The objectives of this study were to examine the reliability and validity of the 10-item version of the OSPRO-YF with patients with shoulder conditions. Method: The study group consisted of injured workers with an active compensation claim for a shoulder injury. The control group consisted of patients with a complaint of shoulder pain but without a work-related shoulder injury. We examined reliability (internal consistency, test-retest) and validity (factorial, convergent, known groups). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; the Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand; and the short Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire were used for comparison. Results: Eighty patients had an active compensation claim, and 160 were in the control group. The intra-class correlation coefficient values for two observations of the domain scores varied from 0.91 to 0.94. The test-retest reliability of the dichotomous constructs was moderate to perfect for 8 of 11 constructs. The 10-item OSPRO-YF questionnaire had three distinct domains, as conceptualized by the developers: mood, fear avoidance, and positive affect-coping. The Cronbach's a coefficients for these domains were 0.88, 0.94, and 0.94, respectively. The associations between the psychological constructs and domains and the similar theoretically derived scales were moderate to high and in the expected direction. Of the 11 constructs of the OSPRO-YF, 10 differentiated between patients with and without a work-related injury (p-values ranging from 0.028 to<0.001). Conclusions: The 10-item OSPRO-YF reduces the burden of using multiple questionnaires and has acceptable test-retest and internal consistency reliability and factorial, convergent, and known-groups validity.

The spectrum of MRI findings in painful shoulder: A prospective study of 81 cases

Background: Shoulder MRI is now considered the standard among the imaging methods to diagnose the etiology of shoulder pain as MRI allows the direct visualization of the rotator cuff tendons, their tears and abnormalities, their relationship to the undersurface of the acromion and the acromioclavicular (AC) joint and also identifiestears of labro-ligamentous complex. Objective: The purpose of this study was to highlight the MRI spectrum of various non-infective, non-neoplastic pathologies of shoulder joint in patients presenting with pain and to analyse the results statistically.Materials & Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 81 patients in the age group of 16 to 72 years with the complaints of shoulder pain with or without associated instability and restricted mobility using conventional 1.5 T MRI. Informed consent was taken from all the participants.Results: In our study, Rotator cuff tear was the most common lesion noted in 85% cases, out of which the predominant lesion was full-thickness supraspinatus tear, in 29.6% cases. Rotator cuff tendinosis & Impingement syndrome were the second & third most common lesions encountered on MRI in painful shoulder, observed in 77.7% & 39% of the patients respectively. 49% cases showed lesions of both rotator cuff & rotator interval, However only 3% had isolated involvement of rotator interval. 42% had MRI diagnosis of labro-ligamentous tears with bankart lesion & its variants accounted maximum (25%) and its co-occurrence with hill-sachs defect noted in 81% cases.Conclusion: This study concludes that MRI is well accepted, non-invasive imaging modality and can evaluate the patients with shoulder pain efficiently due to its excellent soft tissue contrast and multiplanar acquisition. It also suggests that besides rotator cuff tears, the infrequent but important shoulder pathologies like tears of rotator interval and labro-ligamentous complex can also be detected on conventional MRI with thorough observation.