Taekwondo Competition Research Articles

A Resolution for Problems of Taekwondo Competition Sparring

A Resolution for Problems of Taekwondo Competition Sparring

Research on the training method of special strength quality of competitive taekwondo based on multi-scale Retinex algorithm under the background of “Internet+”

Research on the training method of special strength quality of competitive taekwondo based on multi-scale Retinex algorithm under the background of “Internet+”

Taekwondo competition marketization development strategy based on SWOT-AHP model

China middle school students Taekwondo League, as the highest level of taekwondo events for middle school students, is an important part of middle school sports events. The development of the league can not only enrich sports activities, mobilize the enthusiasm of middle school students for sports, but also conducive to the improvement of students' will quality and psychological quality as well as training reserve talents. With the rapid development of taekwondo League for middle school students, problems such as imperfect market organization and operation system, unreasonable competition system and imperfect management system of sports teams have been exposed, which affect the sustainable development of the competition to a certain extent. This paper mainly uses the SWOT AHP research method to explore the market commercialization status quo, existing problems and development strategies of Chinese middle school students Taekwondo League, so as to provide theoretical basis for other related studies.

Taekwondo win-loss determining factors using data mining-based decision tree analysis: focusing on game analysis for evidence-based coaching

BackgroundPurpose In this study, the purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of winning and losing in taekwondo by applying decision tree analysis, one of the data mining techniques, based on the 2022 World taekwondo championships women’s competition.Methods272 women’s games in the taekwondo championships in Guadalajara held by the WT in 2022 were used. For data processing, an independent sample t-test was performed for differences in game content variables according to the win/lose group, and a decision tree analysis was performed to confirm game content variables affecting the win/lose group. To check the predictive power of the model, classification accuracy, standard error, and misclassification estimates were calculated. All statistical significance levels were set at 0.05.ResultsFirst, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference only in body attack (attempt) and number of kicking variables according to the winning and losing groups(p > .05), and there were differences in all other game content variables(p < .05). Second, as a result of conducting a decision tree analysis to confirm the determinants of winning and losing in taekwondo sparring, winning situation, tie situation, and number of kicks were identified as important variables.ConclusionThe World taekwondo championships are analyzed in the currently changed taekwondo competition rules to identify important factors, and at the same time, based on this, data-based coaching is expected to improve performance.

Anthropometric Profile of Elite Male and Female Cadet Taekwondo Competitors

Introduction: Taekwondo has developed into an Olympic sport, which means that a thorough understanding of the main Taekwondo athletes and competitors' characteristics is necessary. This study investigated the fundamental anthropometric measurements of high-level Taekwondo athletes, with a particular focus on disparities between genders. The objective of this study was to assess and contrast the physical attributes of elite Taekwondo athletes, specifically examining the differences between males and females. Methods: A group of 28 highly skilled Taekwondo athletes, consisting of 14 female and 14 male cadets participated in this study. Results: The results showed a significant difference between male and female competitors' anthropometric variables, most notably in skinfold thickness and fat tissue proportion (p≤ 0.01). Conclusion: Accordingly, these data can help taekwondo specialists in the early stages of selection, especially when advanced examinations are impossible. Further studies profiling this group of responders should include more characteristics to help practitioners recognize talents and create training program goals.

Evaluation of Core Stability and Foot Kinematics of Taekwondo Athletes

To score in taekwondo competition requires faster kicking. Among the factors that influence kicking velocity, core stability is important, but the relationship between core stability and kicking velocity in taekwondo is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between core stability and foot segmental COM velocity at the moment of kick. A total of 13 taekwondo instructors (gender: male, height: 172.6±7.3 cm, weight: 64.3±11.78 kg, age: 29±4 years) participated in this study. The center of mass velocity of the left foot segment at the moment of the kick and the level of core stability was measured using the Sahrmann core stability test. During the Naraechagi, the velocity of the foot segment COM relative to the laboratory origin at the moment of the aerial phase kick was positively correlated in the forward and backward directions X-axis. Moderate correlation in the left and right direction Z-axis. Very strong correlation in the up and down direction Y-axis. Through the current experiment, we found a strong correlation between core stability and kicking speed in the forward and backward and up and down directions. Therefore, we believe that adding core stability training to taekwondo training has the potential to increase kicking speed.

Effect of Walking in Nature on Stress Levels and Performance of Taekwondo Athletes in the Competition Period

Introduction. Despite its importance for sports, the problem of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors affecting sports results in competitions is still not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of walking in nature on stress levels and performance of taekwondo athletes during the competition period. Materials and Methods. The participants of this study were 12 Latvian taekwondo athletes, including males (n = 6) and females (n = 6), aged 17-23. The experiment was held four weeks before the International Sweden Taekwondo Competition (2022). The participants underwent twelve training sessions, including 40 minutes of walking in nature, in zones 1 and 2 (HR 101-141 bpm). The Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale questionnaire, gas discharge visualization, and the Determination Test were used to measure the stress levels. The data were analyzed using the mean, standard deviations, the Shapiro-Wilk test, paired sample t-test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results. The results of the paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that walking in nature significantly affects stress levels ( DASS questionnaire, W = 78.00, as a p-value of 0.002 is &lt; 0.05, gas discharge visualization, t(11) = 8.420, as a p-value of 0.001 is &lt; 0.05, and the Determination Test, t(11) = −5.116, as a p-value of 0.001 is &lt; 0.05) at the 5% level. Conclusions. The findings support visiting natural environments by walking in nature as a potentially helpful activity in taekwondo athletes’ strategy to reduce stress levels. Thus, while coaches may choose different strategies or activities to reduce stress, for many athletes, walking in nature and natural environments helps reduce stress levels.

ASSESSMENT OF NERVOUS SYSTEM STRENGTH (BRAIN EFFICIENCY) IN YOUNG TAEKWONDO ATHLETES DURING TRAINING SESSIONS

Introduction. The article explores the dynamics of indicators of nervous system strength (brain efficiency) in young athletes during taekwondo training sessions, taking into account their age and gender characteristics. The relevance and prospects of the research are determined by the relationship between the psychophysiological properties of athletes and their performance in taekwondo competitions, as well as the necessity of considering this relationship in the training process. The research aims to assess the indicators of higher nervous activity (HNA), particularly the strength of nervous processes (brain efficiency), in young taekwondo athletes during training sessions, considering age and gender. Material and methods: general scientific (logical, inductive); analysis of scientific and methodological literature and internet sources; instrumental methods (study of nervous system strength as an indicator of brain efficiency), methods of mathematical data processing. The indicators of nervous system strength (brain efficiency) in young taekwondo athletes were assessed instrumentally using the PND method (M.Makarenko). Results. The dynamics of indicators of higher nervous activity, particularly the strength of nervous processes (brain efficiency), were studied in 34 young taekwondo athletes, taking into account their age and gender characteristics. Measurements were taken during training sessions: in the warm-up phase, the main phase, and the cool-down phase. The test results were systematized, and based on quantitative indicators, corresponding graphs were constructed, followed by analytical evaluation. Conclusions. The research on the dynamics of indicators of nervous system strength (brain efficiency) in young athletes during taekwondo training sessions, considering their age characteristics in two age groups of young taekwondo athletes, revealed that athletes in the older age group (boys aged 13–16 and girls aged 12–15) demonstrate better indicators of brain efficiency (fewer mistakes) compared to the younger group (boys aged 8–12 and girls aged 8–11), presumably due to developmental age characteristics and greater training experience. It was established that at the beginning of training sessions, the results of girls in the younger group outperform the results of boys, while in the older age group, boys' results are higher compared to girls. It was also found that young athletes in both groups demonstrate the best indicators of brain efficiency in the main part of the training session compared to the beginning and the cool-down phase.

Biomechanics research on laterality effect between dominant and non-dominant during double roundhouse kick in the competitive taekwondo

BackgroundThe Double Roundhouse Kick (DRK) is one of the major scoring tools and athletes employ the leg of the dominant side (DS) or the non-dominant side (NS) for always attacking in an alternating state. The purpose is to examine the discrepancies in the biomechanical characteristics of the DS and NS of the leg of the DRK skills of sub-elite taekwondo athletes. MethodsUsing the Vicon, Kistler, and Daedo brand Electronic Body Protector (EBP), collection of the DRK data (attack time, joint angle, joint angular velocity, joint moment, ground reaction force, etc.) of 12 sub-elite taekwondo athletes (19.6 ± 2.0 yr, 180 ± 7.3 cm, 70 ± 9.8 kg) with the DS leg and NS leg. The measured data analyses via Visual3D, and statistical methods using nonparametric tests paired with samples based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (The significance level is set as significant for P<0.05, and very significant for P<0.01). Results(i) There is no statistically significant discrepancy between the DS and NS at the time of hit (P>0.05) and shift of the center of gravity (P>0.05). (ii) Attacking leg (AL): the maximum knee flexion angle (Knee-MFA) (P<0.05) and the peak linear velocity of attack of the foot in the vertical hitting direction (P<0.01) on the DS was greater than that on the NS during the first hit phase (P1). (iii) Supporting leg (SL): the peak hip extension moment (P<0.05) on the DS was reported to be higher than that of the NS during the second hit phase (P2). (iv) Symmetry Index (SI): In the P1, the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) of the SL leads to SI = 10.19 %, and in the P2, the vGRF of the SL results in SI = 18.48 %. ConclusionsThe DRK requires more and more symmetry between the DS and NS. The Knee-MFA of the AL and the line of attack speed of the foot in the vertical striking direction of the SL exhibited significant discrepancies. The DS has higher striking speed, athletes need to improve the striking speed of the NS leg in training, achieving more scoring opportunities in the game. Both the DS and NS revealed strong symmetry in the peak SI of the ground reaction force of the SL stirrup; however, weak symmetry was attained in the peak SI of the vGRF of the SL landing cushion.

PageRank 알고리즘 활용한 태권도 선수들의 랭킹 산정

The purpose of this study is to apply the Olympic Kyorugi Ranking system and PageRank algorithm to the results of four world-class taekwondo competitions held from 2020 to 2023, including G20, G14, G10, and G6, to calculate the rankings. Based on the results, a comparison between the two algorithms is conducted to provide basic information for taekwondo ranking calculation methods. For the purpose of this study, information was collected from the official website of the World Taekwondo Federation. Use MS-Excel, PyCharm, and IBM SPSS (ver. 27) programs to process data. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, using the PageRank algorithm, the gender and weight rankings of taekwondo athletes can be calculated. Secondly, using the PageRank system for ranking calculation is more suitable for considering the relative performance of players than using the Olympic Kyorugi Ranking system for ranking calculation. Thirdly, the ranking consistency calculated using the Olympic Kyorugi Ranking system and PageRank system is relatively low.

Дослідження реакції таеквондистів на об’єкт, що рухається

Purpose: to define features of reaction to a moving object in taekwondo. Material and Methods. The following research methods were used: analysis of scientific and methodological literature and Internet sources; pedagogical observation; psychophysiological measurements; methods of mathematical statistics. Results: the use of non-parametric Mann-Whitney criterion confirmed that the average reaction time for the whole test in older sportsmen is significantly better than in junior sportsmen by 31,39 % (U=5, p&lt;0,01). When analyzing the directionality of the processes of excitation or inhibition, it was found that older athletes had better reaction accuracy than junior athletes (U=10,5, p&lt;0,05). In both groups sportsmen reacted mainly prematurely, but junior taekwondoists reacted prematurely more often by 17,66 % (U=4, p&lt;0,01). According to Spearman's correlation coefficient between the age of sportsmen and the obtained indicators of measurement the following results were obtained: between reaction time and age in the 1st group r=0,26, in the 2nd group r=-0,37 (p&gt;0,05), between exact reactions and age in the 1st group r=0,32, in the 2nd group r=0,68 (p&lt;0,05). According to the analysis of the results of the second measurement, there is no sufficient evidence that the average values of reaction time in both groups before and after the competition are different. After the competition, the accuracy of reactions in sportsmen from group 1 is lower by 31,1 % than before the competition (U=11, p&lt;0,05). In group 2 there were no statistically significant differences between the indicators of reaction accuracy before and after competitions. The U-criterion did not show statistically significant difference between the direction of processes of excitation and inhibition in group 1 and group 2 before and after competitions. In the 1st group Spearman's coefficient testifies to the absence of statistically significant (p&gt;0,05) correlation between the performance of sportsmen at competitions and average reaction time (r=-0,31). The similar correlation was established in group 1 between results at competitions and accuracy of reactions, r=-0,25 (p&gt;0,05). In group 2, there was also no statistically significant (p&gt;0.05) correlation between the results of the competition and the average reaction time (r=0,52). There is a statistically significant strong inverse correlation (p&lt;0,05) in group 2 between the results of athletes in competitions and their reaction accuracy (r=-0,83). Conclusions. The results of the analysis of the reaction to a moving object indicate that there are significant differences between the groups. Highly skilled, older athletes have better ability to adjust nervous processes and shorter reaction times to a moving object. There is a statistically significant correlation between athletes' performance in competitions and the accuracy of their reactions. Indicators such as reaction speed and accuracy are important in taekwondo competitions and should be studied in future research.

올림픽 태권도 종목 활성화를 위한 경기규칙 개선 방안 연구

The purpose of this study is to examine the overall situation of the rules of competition applied to the 32nd Tokyo Olympics Taekwondo Competition, and to explore the rules of competition matches suitable for the times. After selecting 6 people and 12 people with Taekwondo-related experience in Korea and China, through in-depth interviews, the introduction of electronic slogans/heads for Taekwondo competition, differential scoring system, stadium, referee system, and rules improvement After identifying the advantages and disadvantages of, the future improvement direction was provided.

태권도선수의 파워태권도 경기력 향상을 위한 기술 분석

Power Taekwondo, a viewing-type taekwondo competition, is currently being piloted with the goal of attracting spectators’ interest and developing media-friendly games. The goal of the current study is to analyze the skills used in power Taekwondo and to identify the skills affecting wins and defeats. The results were calculated using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and three-way ANOVA based on the 85 videos of 2022 Power Taekwondo competition. Descripttive analysis revealed that the order of Power Taekwondo was round kick, push kick, kick-down, kick-from-the-back, fist, narae kick,dolgae-kick, and kick back round kick. The winner group’s used 49.1% of the body and 5.1% of the head, 54.2% in total and the defeated applied 41.8% of the body and 4.0% of the head, 45.8% in total. The difference in pre-emptive attack skills between the winners and the defeated was that the former attempted to spin and push kick than the latter and the winners focused on the central operation. The winners also used more pre-emptive attacks than the opposites. No significant difference between two groups was found with respect to the counter-attacks. Technical attempts by weight class showed differences among weight classes in the use of kick-down and kick-from-the-back. Under 75㎏ revealed more central operations than under 65㎏ and over 75㎏. In addition, the outer operation was confirmed in the order of over 75㎏, under 75㎏, and under 65㎏, respectively. Through the analysis of power Taekwondo’s skills, the attack style was pre-emptive a and the use of skills was turned-around-kick, kick-down, kick-from-the-back. The winners showed more centralized operation than the defeated. Although Power Taekwondo shows a difference in skills from the current Olympic Taekwondo competition, a large number of matches and various analysis of matches are required.

태권도 차등점수제 도입에 따른 태권도경기의 득점 및 감점 분석

In this study, after the introduction of the differential scoring system that can score up to five points, we conducted it to find out what kind of game technology changes in Taekwondo competition and to provide basic data to improve Taekwondo players' performance. At the 32nd Tokyo Olympics, a total of 65 games were played from the round of 16 to the final of the women's four-weight taekwondo division. The results of analyzing the difference in technology frequency, score and score rate by weight class, and reduction score by rotation are as follows. First, among the women's taekwondo games, the frequency of skills in a total of four weight classes was in the order of turn kick, push kick, fist, and score, followed by turn kick, drop kick, and push kick. Second, in a total of four weight classes among women's taekwondo games, the act of falling down, going outside the limit, and catching or pushing opponents appeared in order.

Incidence of Sport Injuries in the Manchester 2019 World Taekwondo Championships: A Prospective Study of 936 Athletes from 145 Countries.

We aimed to describe injury incidence and patterns at the 2019 World Taekwondo Championships (WTC), and to compare them with those of previous WTCs, based on new World Taekwondo (WT) competition rules, medical codes, and the Protector and Scoring System (PSS). This prospective cohort study utilized data obtained through the WT Injury Surveillance System. All athletes with injuries were evaluated by on-site sports medicine specialists, and ultrasonography was used to assess all musculoskeletal injuries. Of 936 athletes, 60 injuries were recorded (6.4 injuries/100 athletes, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 4.8-8.0), and 4.5% (n = 42) sustained at least one injury. Males had a higher risk of sustaining injuries than females (incidence rate ratio: 1.57; 95% CI: 0.89-2.76). The most common sites, type, and mechanism were lower extremities (n = 26, 43.33%), contusion/hematoma/bruises (n = 33, 55.0%), and contact with another athlete (n = 50, 83.33%). Overall, the injury patterns associated with the mechanism of injury were similar in both the 2019 and 2017 WTCs. Refined WT competition rules and a re-established PSS at the 2019 WTC reduced the overall and severe injury incidence. Our findings can help revise Taekwondo competition rules, enhance protective equipment, optimize on-site venue medical systems, and develop injury prevention projects.

2015 개정 중학교 체육과 교육과정의 적정성과 교과서 태권도 단원의 내용 적합성 분석

Objectives The purposes of this study was to analyze the appropriateness of the 2015 revised physical education curriculum composition system of Taekwondo and the content suitability of the textbook Taekwondo unit to provide basic data that can correctly implement Taekwondo, our physical culture, in the revised physical education curriculum and textbooks.&#x0D; Methods For this purpose, the comparative methodology of the four-step research process of Bereday (1964)'s description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison of the 2015 revised physical education curriculum document and 11 kinds of physical education textbooks was compared and analyzed.&#x0D; Results First, Taekwondo as a challenge area was presented as a speculative challenge, but it did not correspond to the value and meaning of the speculative challenge, and the meaning of the content characteristics of the speculative challenge was unclear and ambiguous. Taekwondo had a difference from the contents of the challenging area in terms of core concepts and generalized knowledge, but in terms of the content elements, it was different only in the classification form, and the details of the area type, field type, and net type competition activities are the same. Second, the Taekwondo content system implemented in physical education textbooks had the same direction, but there were many differences and limitations in the composition of contents. In terms of propositional knowledge, the contents were unclear or described as abstract in understanding Taekwondo. In terms of exercise function, it was found that it was somewhat difficult to understand the contents of the curriculum and the Taekwondo competition function presented in understanding. In terms of subject competency, training and practice were presented in a simplified way with equal meaning, and the meaning of overcoming is presented in a simple and abstract sense, even though it should be understood as a comprehensive superordinate concept including the meaning of practice. In terms of learning contents, learning contents showed many errors in concept explanation, title, and technical composition of Taekwondo. In terms of personality and safety education, it was analyzed that there was a limit to understanding, practicing and internalizing the value of virtue in terms of document level and formal level.&#x0D; Conclusions There were many problems in the appropriateness of the contents system of the physical education curriculum of Taekwondo and the contents composition of 11 kinds of textbooks, and there were many differences in the level between the textbooks.

Research on Specialised Physical Training for Competitive Taekwondo Youths under the Perspective of New Rules

Research on Specialised Physical Training for Competitive Taekwondo Youths under the Perspective of New Rules

An Exploratory Study on Korean National Taekwondo Competitors’ Imagery Strategy based on Their Preparation Periods

This study aimed to explore elite taekwondo competitors’ imagery strategies . The study participants were 10 elite taekwondo athletes, who worked for S business team. Data were collected through open-ended questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The data were collected based on Gould et al. (1992)’s proposed qualitative research method. The inductive content analysis of the imagery was conducted following the imagery type of Paivio (1985) and Suinn (1996). The law data and case of imagery were separated by three specialists. The results were as follows. First, elite taekwondo competitors generally used the types of imagery proposed by Paivio (1985) and Suinn (1996). In particular, imagery of anxiety regulation appeared with the highest frequency among factors and ordered imagery of motivation, imagery of skills, imagery of mental skills, and imagery of competition. Second, elite taekwondo competitors mainly used imagery of skills before two weeks for competition. They mainly used imagery of anxiety regulation the day before a competition. They used imagery of anxiety regulation and imagery of motivation on the day of a competition. They used imagery of motivation after the competition. In sum, elite taekwondo competitors used individual strategies in terms of imagery in order to ensure effective training and peak performance in competition. The strategy of imagery was applied differently based on the juncture of the competition.

태권도 겨루기 및 겨루기 경기에 대한 연구동향 분석

This study analyzed the research trends of competition and competition through text mining analysis on Taekwondo competition and competition, which grew into an official Olympic event, and concluded using text mining for the purpose of research. First, research related to Taekwondo competition and competition began in 1969 and continues to this day, and more than 10 studies have been published since the 2000s. In addition, early research has been conducted in various ways, including next, secretary, attack technology, and player-related research, especially terms that have not been used well recently. Second, as a result of frequency analysis through text mining analysis related to competition and competition, Taekwondo, competition, impact, performance, analysis, relationship, sports, university, and TF-IDF weight analysis showed players, competition, performance, analysis, relationship, sports, university, and taekwondo. The N-gram analysis on competition and competition showed that Taekwondo and athletes, Taekwondo and competition, Korea and sports, performance and impact, sports and sports research, universities and taekwondo, recognition and performance, performance relations, high school and Taekwondo, and leaders.

Kinematic and kinetic demands on better roundhouse kick performances

ABSTRACT The roundhouse kick is one of the most widely applied techniques in a taekwondo competition. Because the scoring system of taekwondo has been changed, the skill of roundhouse kick has been affected. Therefore, coaches and athletes are attempting to better understand how to control the movement of the kick to gain points more effectively. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the biomechanical characteristics between the roundhouse kicks with higher and lower impact magnitude using an electronic body protector. Eighteen elite college Taekwondo athletes participated in this study. A motion capture system measured the kinematics data of the kicking leg. The results indicated that elite athletes can obtain a high-impact index of the electrical body protector through increasing the peak linear velocity of shank, even with the same foot velocity level. In regard to kinetic skills, the roundhouse kicks a high impact. The velocity of proximal kicking limb could predominantly contribute to the powerful roundhouse kicks to achieve the high-impact force for electrical body protector. Moreover, when the kick cannot be effectively scored during the game, coaches and masters should consider adjusting to increase the velocity of proximal kicking.