Competitive Tactics Research Articles

Inter-sexual Mate Competition in Humans: A Historical Example from Seventeenth Century Portugal.

Inter-sexual mate competition occurs any time opposite-sex individuals simultaneously seek to acquire or maintain exclusive access to the same sexual partner. This underappreciated form of mate competition has been anecdotally documented in several avian and mammalian species, and systematically described among Japanese macaques and humans. Here, we extend the concept of inter-sexual mate competition by reassessing a remarkable series of Portuguese letters, penned in 1664 and later discovered and translated by Mott and Assunção (J Homosex 16:91-104, 1989). The letters comprise one side of a correspondence between two males, former lovers who were scrutinized by the Portuguese Inquisition. After ending the relationship, the recipient of the letters was betrothed to a woman, which provoked a jealous response from his jilted male lover and pleas to reunite. We argue that the letters portray a prolonged sequence of inter-sexual mate competition in which a male and female competitor vied for the same man. An established taxonomy of mate competition tactics was applied to the behavior of both competitors illustrating many parallels with contemporary examples of inter-sexual mate competition. Through this comparison, we show that modern mate competition taxonomies can be fruitfully applied to historical texts and that inter-sexual mate competition occurred hundreds of years before the present. Other examples of inter-sexual mate competition are likely to exist in the historical record, providing a rich source of scientific information if appropriate theoretical frameworks are employed. Indeed, any time individuals are attracted to sexual partners who behave in a bisexual manner, then inter-sexual mate competition can ensue with members of the other sex.

Analisis Perbedaan Minat Beli Di Tokopedia.Com Dan Bukalapak.Com (Studi Kasus Konsumen Tokopedia.Com Dan Bukalapak.com Pada Perguruan Tinggi Di Lingkungan Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Ulum)

In this digital era, business has transformed significantly, using the internet as the primary tool. Sites such as Tokopedia.com and Bukalapak.com, which function as online marketplaces, facilitate sellers to reach buyers more efficiently. This study is directed at exploring and comparing the level of shopping interest in Tokopedia.com and Bukalapak.com. The internet's dramatic evolution in Indonesia has profoundly affected various dimensions of life, especially in the business realm. In this case, the role of individuals as active internet users enables free interaction with fellow users. In the context of interest, a critical element of forecasting buyer behavior, it reflects an individual's reaction to a particular product or service. This study utilizes descriptive and comparative methods, relying on primary and supplementary information. The non-probability and accidental sampling techniques were chosen to determine the research subjects. This study's findings show no notable disparity in purchase intention between Tokopedia.com and Bukalapak.com, a result that provokes businesses to sharpen their competitive tactics in the digital market arena. Keyword: Business Online, Buying of Interest, Market Place

Competitive Strategies and Performance of Kenya Airways Limited in Nairobi County, Kenya

Kenya Airways has experienced significant financial losses over a prolonged period, which has led to the requirement of a government bailout and the adoption of a restructuring initiative. Kenya Airways is a major player in the Kenyan aviation sector but has struggled to stay profitable compared to Ethiopian Airlines. Ethiopian Airlines has reported consistent profits for several years, in contrast. Kenya Airways is adopting competitive tactics to improve its performance, but there is a dearth of empirical research on the subject. The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of competitive strategies on the performance of Kenya Airways. The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of differentiation, cost leadership, focus, and innovation on the performance of Kenya Airways Limited. This study was anchored on the following theories: porter’s generic strategies model, dynamic capabilities, resource-based view, strategy-structure-performance, and balanced score card. This study employed a descriptive inquiry approach. The focus group for the study was comprised of a total of 180 staff members of Kenya Airways Limited. The sample size consisted of 124 employees, who were selected using a basic random sampling technique. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. This research assessed the accuracy of the research tool by utilizing the viewpoints of experts through a content validity method. Cronbach's alpha co-efficient was utilized to evaluate the dependability of the research instrument, and a minimum threshold of 0.7 was established. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics using means and standard deviations and inferential statistics. The study made use of correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to deduce connections among different variables. Differentiation strategy had a positive and significant effect on performance of Kenya Airways of (β= 0.513, p < 0.05). Cost leadership strategy had a positive and significant effect on performance of Kenya Airways of (β=0.458, p < 0.05). Focus strategy had a positive and significant effect on performance of Kenya Airways of (β= 0.540, p < 0.05). Innovation strategy had a positive and significant effect on performance of Kenya Airways of (β=0.651, p < 0.05). The study concluded that differentiation strategy improves the performance of Kenya Airways. Cost leadership strategy helps to improve the performance of Kenya Airways Limited. Focus strategy enhances performance of Kenya Airways Limited and innovation strategy helps to improve performance of Kenya Airways Limited. The study recommended that the company should continue to offer unique features that sets it apart from other airlines. The company should operate efficiently in order to keep costs low.

Analysis of winter survival strategies of sympatric black-necked cranes, and common cranes from the perspective of diet and gut microbiota

Wintering migratory birds have to travel thousands of kilometers between their breeding and wintering grounds because of their distinct habits. They experience complex and changing survival pressures throughout the winter. This study is the first to investigate the overwintering strategies of sympatric foraging black-necked cranes and common cranes from the perspectives of food and gut microbiota. Non-invasive sampling technique was used to collect stool samples. Sanger sequencing was used to determine the origin of the crane species identified from the samples. The analysis of plant-based food, the gut microbiota, and their interactions in the faeces was performed using high-throughput sequencing technology. It was found that in environments with limited aquatic vegetation, both the black-necked crane and the common crane increased their consumption of potatoes, accounting for more than 50% of their diets. Black-necked cranes also competed with common cranes for food, and they quickly adapted to changes in diet by horizontally transmitting their gut microbiota. To meet body needs, the common cranes—which could not compete with the black-necked cranes—constantly searched for new food sources. They increase the metabolism of amino acids, lipids and these metabolites to adapt to the competitive pressures and dietary changes. This study advances our knowledge of how diet and gut microbiota interact in plateau wetland birds, examining the competitive tactics of interwintering black-necked and common cranes', and provides recommendations for the re-vegetation in the Caohai wetlands and artificial feeding of the two crane species.

Analisis Manajemen Rantai Pasok (Supply Chain Management) Guna Optimalisasi Distribusi Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah Pengepulan Kepiting di Wilayah Tarakan

Supply chain management (SCM) is a strategy that refers to the internal activities of an organization and the number of businesses in the supply chain to support the long-term performance of the system and the entire supply chain. A lot of supply chain management is implemented, such as incorporating suppliers as colleagues in the raw material supply phase, building good relationships with customers for consumer enjoyment, and providing information to suppliers about product improvements. customers and competitive tactics for competitive advantage to measure performance levels to gain confidence in the quality of goods appropriate for the market. Therefore, in the crab collecting supply chain distribution model, it is best for supply chain members to agree on time, quantity and quality, so that the flow of products, finances and information is more organized. Crab collecting supply chain model where farmers distribute crabs to crab collectors, then crab collectors deliver crabs to retailers in traditional markets, then final consumers who enter the market then buy crabs directly from retailers. This research was conducted at Bering I Harbor, Selumit Pantai, Central Tarakan, Tarakan City, North Kalimantan at Pak Anwar's crab collection, the results will be analyzed through observation and interviews, so that information can be obtained whether the application of Supply Chain Management applied to the crab collection distribution system is optimal. or not yet.

Analisis SWOT dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing pada Toko Dura di Bandar Lampung

This study aims to determine the marketing plan of Toko Dura to increase its competitiveness. The research methodology is descriptive analysis, SWOT analysis, External Factor Evaluation (EFE matrix), and Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE Matrix) were all used in this study. The study findings explain that Dura Store's competitive tactics are not only offering high-quality goods at low prices, but also considering delivery services, maximizing the marketing of goods through social media, and upholding the industry's reputation in society to foster consumer confidence. The IFE matrix for Dura Store is 2.86 which indicates a very strong internal position. The weight value of the EFE Matrix is 3.21 which shows that Toko Dura is relatively strong in resisting the dynamics of the external environment.

Improved Environmental Stimulus and Biological Competition Tactics Interactive Artificial Ecological Optimization Algorithm for Clustering.

An interactive artificial ecological optimization algorithm (SIAEO) based on environmental stimulus and a competition mechanism was devised to find the solution to a complex calculation, which can often become bogged down in local optimum because of the sequential execution of consumption and decomposition stages in the artificial ecological optimization algorithm. Firstly, the environmental stimulus defined by population diversity makes the population interactively execute the consumption operator and decomposition operator to abate the inhomogeneity of the algorithm. Secondly, the three different types of predation modes in the consumption stage were regarded as three different tasks, and the task execution mode was determined by the maximum cumulative success rate of each individual task execution. Furthermore, the biological competition operator is recommended to modify the regeneration strategy so that the SIAEO algorithm can provide consideration to the exploitation in the exploration stage, break the equal probability execution mode of the AEO, and promote the competition among operators. Finally, the stochastic mean suppression alternation exploitation problem is introduced in the later exploitation process of the algorithm, which can tremendously heighten the SIAEO algorithm to run away the local optimum. A comparison between SIAEO and other improved algorithms is performed on the CEC2017 and CEC2019 test set.

Levelling as a Female-Biased Competitive Tactic

Levelling as a Female-Biased Competitive Tactic

A Stable and Durable Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Speed Skating Land Training Monitoring

In the current IoT era, the key to sports intelligence is the effective collection and analysis of sports data. Sports data can accurately reflect an athlete’s athletic status and help coaches to develop competitive tactics and training programs. Wearable electronic devices used to collect sports data currently have several drawbacks, including their large size, heavy weight, complex wiring, high cost, and need for frequent power replacement. In this work, transparent polyamide-66 (PA-66) and transparent polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films were used as friction layers, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used as a support layer, and conductive hydrogels were used as electrodes, which were simply combined to create stable and durable triboelectric nanogenerators (SD-TENG) with good mechanical and triboelectric properties. In the test, the output power was 1mW under a load resistance of 10MΩ. In addition, the integrated intelligent speed skating land training assistance system monitors the changes in the joints and joint chains of skaters during land training in real time. The successful demonstration of the use of SD-TENG in speed skating land training will help to promote the development and application of TENG in the fields of intelligent sport monitoring, smart wearable devices, and big data analysis.

Intra- and Intersexual Mate Competition in Two Cultures : A Comparison of Women's Response to Mate Competition with Women and Gender-Nonbinary Males in Samoa and among the Istmo Zapotec.

The present study examined women's mate competition tactics in response to female and feminine-male rivals in two cultures in which competition against both occurs. In Samoa and the Istmo Zapotec (Southern Mexico), women not only compete with other women (intrasexually) but also compete with rival feminine males (intersexually) in order to access/retain the same masculine men as sexual/romantic partners. Using a mixed-method paradigm, women were asked about their experiences of intra- and intersexual mate competition, and these narratives were recorded. The tactics reportedly employed by participants, and those attributed to mate competitors, were categorized according to established taxonomies of mate competition tactics, and their frequencies compared. Within-culture, the likelihood that participant women had ever experienced intra- and intersexual mate competition did not differ. Furthermore, participants reported a similar pattern of behavioral tactics whether their rival was another woman or a feminine male. These included benefit provisioning tactics during mate acquisition and cost-inflicting tactics during mate retention. Similarly, the mate competition tactics attributed to rival women and rival feminine males bore a striking resemblance, focused on enticing target men. Results highlight the mate competition tactics employed by women outside of a Euro-American context, and the way cultural factors impact mating landscapes presumed to be exclusively heterosexual. The presence of feminine males, alongside masculine men's willingness to engage in sexual activity with them, induces women in such cultures to compete intersexually in comparable ways to intrasexual competition with rival women.

Relative Performance Evaluation and Competitive Aggressiveness

ABSTRACTWe examine the relation between incentive plans based on relative performance and competitive aggressiveness. Using data on executive incentive‐compensation contracts in large U.S. firms, we find a positive association between competitive aggressiveness and peer group overlap—that is, the extent to which two firms select each other as peers in these incentive plans. Our findings indicate that managers of such firms take more frequent as well as more complex competitive actions, relative to managers evaluated on relative performance without peer group overlap. Moreover, we show that these competitive tactics are more pronounced when managers compete against: (1) peers with similar grant sizes, (2) peers on similar performance metrics, and (3) peers in the same industry. Collectively, our findings provide evidence on how widely used incentive‐compensation practices relate to strategic firm decisions.

The Effect of Entrepreneurship Behavior and Customer Relations on Four Star Hotel Competitiveness: Meditated by Business Strategies

Among the realm of entrepreneurship study, the entrepreneurial process in tourist sector actors in general is still generally overlooked. The link between tourism and entrepreneurship is a separate subject that is not handled in any way that capitalizes on the natural synergies between the two areas. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the link between entrepreneurial behavior, customer interactions, competitive strategy, and competitiveness. A quantitative method is used in this investigation. There were 138 participants in the study, the researchers employed the complete sampling approach, which involved surveying the entire population. A survey was used to gather data, and a data collection instrument in the form of a questionnaire was used. In order to gain a better understanding of the causal link between factors, the study was supplemented by interviews. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used as an analytical tool in this work. The findings indicate that (1) entrepreneurial behavior has a positive and significant impact on the competitiveness of 4-star hotels; (2) customer relations have a positive and significant impact on the competitiveness of 4-star hotels; (3) competitive strategy has a positive and significant impact on the competitiveness of four-star hotels; and (4) entrepreneurial behavior has a positive and significant impact on the competitiveness of four-star hotels. (7) Competitive tactics for customer interactions have a good and considerable influence on the competitiveness of four-star hotels in Makassar City.

Sex Differences in Competitiveness in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs).

Sex differences in the use of competitive tactics have been well established. Although many factors may contribute to these sex differences, according to social role theory (SRT), stereotypes and expectations about men's and women's typical social roles are crucial. We addressed the potential impact of social roles by studying massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), a setting where individuals represent themselves with avatars and thus enjoy the opportunity to compete without regard to the typical expectations and behaviors associated with men's and women's roles. We surveyed players via MTurk (63 women, 191 men) and Reddit (166 women, 1,326 men) regarding their frequency of engaging in five competitive behaviors and the sex and role of their primary avatar. As expected, there were reliable sex differences in competitiveness: men were more likely than women to engage in player-versus-player duels (MTurk d = 0.19; Reddit d = 0.51), do solo runs of difficult content (0.30, 0.35), and work to acquire expensive items (0.32, 0.19); women were more likely than men to seek in-game awards (-0.38, -0.36) and spend real-world money on expensive microtransactions (-0.16, -0.27). Contrary to SRT, these sex differences in forms of competitive behavior were generally unrelated to players' chosen avatar sex or avatar role. These results instead indicate that sex differences in competitiveness largely reflect evolved predispositions.

Longitudinal Associations Between Primary and Secondary Psychopathic Traits, Delinquency, and Current Dating Status in Adolescence.

Many have examined the desirability and mate competition tactics of adults higher on psychopathy using cross-sectional data, but few have studied the longitudinal associations between the lower-order factors of psychopathy (e.g., primary and secondary psychopathy) with indices of mating behavior in adolescents. More work is also needed to unravel how psychopathic youth outcompete rivals for mates. Delinquency has long been associated with dating and sexual behavior in adolescents, which may help to explain the competitive success of youth higher in psychopathic traits in vying for mates. We used cross-lagged panel modeling with three waves of data from a randomly drawn sample of 514 Canadian adolescents who provided annual self-reports of primary and secondary psychopathy, delinquency, and dating involvement from Grades 10 to 12 (15-18 years of age). Constructs were temporally stable. Secondary psychopathy and delinquency had positive within-time correlations with current dating status in Grade 10. A cross-lagged pathway from delinquency to dating involvement was supported from Grade 10 to 11, which replicated from Grade 11 to 12. However, this effect was specific to boys and not girls. An indirect effect also emerged whereby secondary psychopathy in Grade 10 increased the likelihood of being in a dating relationship in Grade 12 via heightened delinquency in Grade 11.

Action Design of Lobbing Ball for Humanoid Robot Soccer

Robot soccer is a classic research direction in the field of robotics. From the appearance of soccer robot, it is mainly divided into wheeled robot and humanoid robot. At present, humanoid robots and small group wheeled robots mainly compete on two-dimensional plane. Because of the small competitive dimension, the offensive and defensive tactics tend to be simple. In order to enhance the competitiveness and appreciation of humanoid. And complex motion devices based on human motion capture data (HMCD) are designed Human simulation has gradually become one of the effective means of robot design. In order to enhance the competitiveness and appreciation of humanoid, this paper innovatively designs a set of consistent kicking actions based on darwin-op2 robot, combined with HMCD method, realizes the effect of actively lobbing ball. Ideally, the robot can basically kick the ball above 35cm. Besides the robot can basically kick the ball above 30cm in practice, and the success rate is as high as 75%. It improves the competitiveness from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, which provides new ideas and schemes for attack and defense tactics and expands the dimension of competition. It also provides a new direction for the development of humanoid robot football in the future.

Giving Moral Competence High Priority in Medical Education. New MCT-based Research Findings from the Polish Context

Nowadays, healthcare and medical education is qualified by test scores and competitiveness. This article considers its quality in terms of improving the moral competence of future healthcare providers. Objectives. Examining the relevance of moral competence in medico-clinical decision-making despite the paradigm shift and discussing the up-to-date findings on healthcare students (Polish sample). Design and method. N=115 participants were surveyed with a standard Moral Competence Test to examine how their moral competence development was affected by the learning environment and further important factors. Results. The sample allowed the identification of a regress in moral competence during students’ pre-clinical curriculum, and progress during their clinical curriculum. A gender-related bias, a segmentation effect, and a pronunciation effect were noticed. Explanations. Scholarly literature usually reports a linear decrease of medical students’ C-scores resulting from, e.g., competitive trends in education. We identified such trends in terms of gender-specific competitive tactics. Religious and ethical affiliations were discussed to explain the unexpected gender bias and the related segmentation and pronunciation effects. The findings can be regarded as predictive for similar developments in educational institutions regardless of cultural contexts as the sample examined in this article represents medical education in a country facing a transition from a non-competitive to competitive tertiary education model, and between presecular and monocultural to secular and pluralist social ethics.

Political Difference in Marriage: Wife’s Gender Linked Fate and Relational Conflict

ABSTRACT Increasing political polarization and growing animus toward political outgroup members may strain marriages in which spouses express political differences. For heterosexual married couples, interrelationships among gender, power, and political conflict may be of particular importance. The purpose of this study was to examine heterosexual spouses’ conflicts over political differences as a function of wives’ endorsement of gender-linked fate. Married, heterosexual women completed an online survey. Results demonstrate that in large part, the effect of wives’ gender-linked fate on reported conflict behaviors during political disagreements varies on the basis of husbands’ political party affiliation. Among women married to men who more strongly identify as Republican, greater endorsement of gender-linked fate associates with more pursuit of conflict, more competitive conflict tactics, and greater volatility and asymmetry in couple conflict patterns. When married to Democratic-leaning husbands, wives’ greater endorsement of gender-linked fate associates with more submissiveness during political conflicts.

The rise of covert competitive authoritarianism

Globally, democracy is on the decline, threatening the achievability of the landmark Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Digital technologies have enabled new covert competitive authoritarian tactics. Renewed surveillance laws and public and international awareness of these tactics is required to regain the global democratic rights and civil liberties required for Agenda 2030.

Friend or Foe? Mate Presence and Rival Type Influence Clothing-Based Female Intrasexual Competition

Evolutionary psychologists have brought attention to women’s intrasexual competition in ways that traditional perspectives have overlooked. Whereas most researchers have thus far focused on exploratory investigations of this phenomenon, we experimentally manipulated contextual factors that could affect intrasexual competition (e.g., rival type, presence of a potential mate) and assessed competitive behavior via clothing choice. Across two studies, female MTurk users (NStudy1 = 131; NStudy2 = 262) read a vignette describing an upcoming party then chose an outfit they would wear to that party from a set of clothing items that had been pre-rated on sexiness and revealingness by a separate sample (N = 100). Within the vignette, we inserted participant-provided initials to manipulate the presence of a crush and the familiarity and attractiveness of their female party companion. Unexpectedly, we found a significant difference between outfit ratings for separates compared with dresses, so we incorporated this into our model. In study 1, among women who chose dresses, those who imagined attending the party with a more attractive acquaintance and their crush present chose more attractive outfits than women in the less attractive acquaintance condition. However, no such pattern was found for women who chose separates or women in the close friend condition. In study 2, a pre-registered direct replication showed that women in the acquaintance condition chose more attractive outfits than women in the close friend condition, but only in the crush present condition. Women’s intrasexual competition mechanisms appear cost-sensitive and only prompt competitive tactics when rivals are particularly threatening.

Some features of the development and battle tactics in women's boxing

Purpose: to reveal the features of the use of tactical actions by boxers of highly qualified women. Materials and methods: Theoretical analysis of information from the scientific and methodological literature and communication with the leading trainers of women in boxing made it possible to analyze the history of the development of women's boxing in the World, to determine the importance of tactical training for boxers and its content. Also during this research, we watched videos of the competitive activity of highly qualified female boxers in weight categories up to 51 kg. and up to 75 kg. Using the methods of pedagogical observation, chronometric observation and mathematical statistics made it possible to identify the peculiarities of tactics of competitive battle tactics in women boxers of high qualification. Results: At the present stage of the development of women's boxing, the world leader is the Russian team, the second is China, the third is India. Ukraine is not one of the top ten women's boxing teams in the World. Tactical training in women's boxing should be significantly different from the tactical training of male boxers. Women boxers of high qualification of lightweights can be related to tempo men, and women boxers of high qualification of heavyweights to gamers. However, it is difficult to related some women boxers of high qualification to any one of the listed types, since they are able to rearrange tactics during the match itself, if necessary. Conclusions: Modern tactical training in women's boxing is aimed at universalization, which is characterized by a variety of applied techniques and their frequent change. This fact makes increased demands on the quality of the technical training process in women's boxing.