Competitive Gymnasts Research Articles

THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG GYMNASTS’ TRAINING AGE, BODY MASS INDEX, BALANCE CONTROL, AND GYMNASTICS PERFORMANCE

The aim of the study was the examination of the relationships among gymnasts’ training age, body mass index (BMI), balance control during the execution of handstand, standing scale forward, and stork standing in relevé position, and their performance in competition settings. Forty young competitive gymnasts (20 males; age: 12.20 ± 1.98 years, and 20 females; age: 12.33 ± 2.07 years, mean ± SD) participated in this study. A portable digital platform for posturography was used to measure maximal pressure, center of pressure (CoP) sway area, CoP linear distance displacement and CoP velocity. The resulting data were analyzed using an integrated software module (Foot Checker, version 4.0). The results confirm the reliability of the measurements. Strong positive correlations were found between gymnasts' performance in the gymnastics competition, and their training age and BMI, with relationships also identified between performance and variables related to balance control. Regression analysis revealed that gymnasts' training age, BMI, and balance control in performing the assessed gymnastics skills had predictive significance in determining their performance in the competition, taking into account differences between age groups. Despite the limitations of the study, the results represent a valuable contribution to the literature by expanding knowledge about predicting gymnastics performance in competition. Furthermore, the results provide evidence for the identification of talent in gymnasts, offer coaches insights to improve training efficiency, and provide recommendations for future research in this area.

PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN GURU RAUDHATUL ATHFAL DALAM MENCIPTAKAN SENAM KREASI MELALUI PROGRAM PELATIHAN

Gymnastics has become a routine activity carried out by teachers and children at the PAUD institution. Gymnastics activities that are attached to PAUD often lead to competitions. Gymnastics competitions for early childhood are usually creative, that is, teachers or students are directed to create gymnastic movements based on their creations. However, most teachers only imitate existing gymnastics movements without being able to create their own. Based on the results of the observations carried out in August 2023 at the location of the creative gymnastics competition for RA children in Tegaldlimo Banyuwangi District, 7 of RA Institutions that took part, almost all of them used existing gymnastics movements. The aim of this community service (PKM) is to improve the skills of RA teachers in Tegaldlimo Banyuwangi District in creating and implementing creative exercises that are interesting and beneficial for young children. The method used in PKM is service learning. The result of this PKM activity is the increase of RA teachers’ skill in creating gymnastics creations for early childhood in Tegaldlimo Banyuwangi District. This improvement in teacher skills can be seen from the results of the pretest and posttest scores based on 3 indicators, namely, 1) understanding the concepts with an average pretest score of 13.08 and posttest of 35.38. 2) composing the music with an average pretest score of 1.58 and posttest of 2.58. 3) creating the gymnastic movements with an average pretest score of 1.16 and posttest of 2.84. The intention of this PKM program is inviting the RA teachers in Tegaldlimo District, Banyuwangi, to make exercise videos that are created by themselves and apply it to learning activities in their respective institutions.

EEG differences in competitive female gymnastics, soccer, and esports athletes between resting states with eyes closed and open.

Athletes heavily rely on visual perception for performance. This study delves into electroencephalographic (EEG) brain activity among gymnastics, soccer, and esports athletes during resting states with eyes closed (REC) and open (REO) and compares differences in EEG alpha power from REC to REO (∆ EC-EO Alpha) across athlete groups. Forty-two female participants, including 14 from each athletic discipline, underwent two 5-minute EEG recordings, first during REC and then during REO conditions. Absolute EEG power was analyzed for delta (δ), theta (θ), alpha (α), and beta (β) frequency bands across various brain regions, and ∆ EC-EO Alpha values were computed. During REC, soccer players exhibited heightened α power at the midline frontopolar (Fpz) and β power at the midline occipital (Oz). Conversely, during REO, soccer players displayed increased δ power at Fpz and midline frontal (Fz) and reduced α power at the midline central (Cz) compared to gymnasts, along with elevated θ power at Fpz. Esports athletes demonstrated higher δ power and decreased α power at Fpz and Cz compared to gymnasts. Gymnasts exhibited distinct cortical activation patterns characterized by lower ∆ EC-EO Alpha at multiple electrode sites. These findings highlight sport-specific cortical activation patterns linked to visual attention among athletes. Understanding these neural adaptations could refine training methods and enhance performance outcomes in sports.

17 - Pelvic floor muscle training in competitive rhythmic gymnasts: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

17 - Pelvic floor muscle training in competitive rhythmic gymnasts: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

Tendon structure, clinical tests, and pain during-loading in young female competitive gymnasts

ABSTRACT To examine the relationship between Achilles-tendon (AT) and patellar-tendon (PT) structure, clinical-examination and tendon pain in young gymnasts; and, to explore the associations between these factors and age, maturation, and training-load. Two hundred and seventy-four female gymnasts (aged 12.1±1.9 yrs) were assessed for anthropometric measures, pubertal-stage, and training-load. They had clinical-tests (pain-on-palpation for AT and pain-on-palpation and Royal-London Hospital-Test for PT), were asked about tendon-pain during-loading and were assessed for tendon-structure. Gymnasts with positive clinical-tests (with and without pain during-loading) presented a significantly higher prevalence of disorganized AT and PT compared to gymnasts with negative clinical-tests (with and without pain during-loading) (p<0.05). A significant pubertyXpositive clinical-test interaction was found for disorganized PT structure, whereby a disorganized structure was more prevalent among post-pubertal gymnasts with positive clinical-tests compared to pre-pubertal participants with negative clinical-tests (F(1, 263)=9.436, p=0.002). In gymnasts with positive clinical-tests, significant correlations were found between disorganized AT and PT structures and age, and training-load (p<0.05). An increased prevalence of disorganized tendon structure (regardless of pain during-loading) was seen in participants with positive clinical-tests. This disorganized tendon-structure was found to be significantly related to increased age, post-pubertal stage, and higher training hours in gymnasts with positive clinical-tests.

Development of Quality for Aerobics Gymnastics Competition System

Development of Quality for Aerobics Gymnastics Competition System

Evaluating variability in rhythmic gymnastics

Recent research suggests that variability enhances motor control, learning, and adaptation by improving the system's response to environmental demands. It also develops the cognitive and executive functions of athletes. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the variability of the split leap in rhythmic gymnastics, performed with and without ribbon handling, analysing in which of the two techniques there is greater variability. The sample consists of six competitive gymnasts with an average age of 15.1 years (±0.94). The acquisitions were carried out with the BTS Bioengineering integrated multifactorial optoelectronic system, using fifteen passive markers, six BTS Smart-DX cameras, two cameras for video support and seven BTS-6000 force platforms. The results show that the coefficient of variation (CV%) in trials performed with ribbon is higher than those without the apparatus. Cohen's Effect Size revealed a small effect size between trials with ribbon and those without. Despite being minimal, this difference emphasizes the presence of variability in jumps executed with ribbon in comparison to free body trials. In conclusion, this study explored both intrinsic (CV%) and extrinsic (task complexity, technical experience) factors of jump performance, highlighting the utility of gold standard motion analysis systems for researching executive variability in rhythmic gymnastics jumps.

Characterization of the competitive strength of men's artistic gymnastics in China

Introduction and purpose：The 2022 National Gymnastics Championships men's artistic gymnastics competition was examined and analyzed in order to assess the competitive strength of China's men's artistic gymnastics under the new regulations. The analysis included a review of China's men's artistic gymnastics problems and current performance status, as well as suggestions for strengthening the sport. Materials and methods:Using the literature method—searching and analyzing through the CNKI, WOS, library, and other databases—as well as the observation method and mathematical and statistical techniques for statistical analysis of the athletes competing in the various regions and units, as well as field research and study methods involving video and on-site game observation—first-hand information was obtained for this paper's theoretical support. Conclusions: men's artistic gymnastics in China is not developing regionally, with strong regions in the south and weak regions in the north, as well as strong and weak regions in the east and west;These disparities in the sport's development also affect athletes' overall competitive strength, with athletes in various sports having wide disparities in their scores and failing to create a supportive environment for competition, particularly in individual all-around , pommel horse, rings, and horizontal bars projects;Additionally, China's men's artistic gymnastics athletes' age structure needs to be further optimized. It is necessary to continue executing the preparatory plan of mending the short boards and strengthening the strong items.

CLASSIFICATION OF RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS SPORT ELEMENTS BY VIDEO

The work devoted to human posture recognition during rapid movements and complex non-standard poses due to the large number of limbs involved in the movement. Rhythmic gymnastics was chosen as the subject area and, accordingly, the specifics of the judge's assessment of the athlete's performance. Many synchronized videos with fast movements and sequences of complex poses from different angles allows us to form a data set necessary for further research and implementation of the results obtained both in socially important industries and in the market of commercial services using artificial intelligence technologies. A computer system has been developed that can be used to increase the objectivity of sports judging at rhythmic gymnastics competitions, as well as to become an alternative to the traditional judging system in the case of competitions held in a remote format. By scaling up the task, the system can also be used to diagnose problems with the human nervous system and musculoskeletal system. As a result of the research, a dataset depicting the performance of sports elements was collected and structured. The peculiarities of the mediapipe and ViTPose models were identified and the best solution for preprocessing the prepared set was chosen. The main result of this work is a built and trained model for classifying sports elements, which classifies 7 elements with an accuracy of 0.9048. The accuracy indicates that the model performs at a high level, correctly classifying sports elements in most cases. This level of accuracy indicates that the model has been effectively trained to classify these specific elements. In the future, to be able to fully evaluate the performances of female rhythmic gymnasts, it is necessary to add tracking of the object with which the athlete performs, to create a method for tracking interaction with it.

Values Of Physical Preparation In Female Gymnasts

Artistic gymnastic is one of the components of competitive gymnastics and is divided in men’s and women’s artistic gymnastics. There are four events in the women’s artistic gymnastics: vault, uneven bars, balance beam and the floor. Strength training in artistic gymnastic is closely linked to the gymnastic skills, so we can talk about the development of specific strength that is comparable to other sports. Taking into consideration the predetermined role of the muscular preparation in defining the physical training for female gymnasts. In this study, were obtained analysis twenty-one female gymnasts from four sports clubs in different cities of Albania, who are members of national gymnastics competitions. Tests realized in the beginning and final are as follows: SJ (cm), CMJ (cm), TF SJ (ml/s}, T F CMJ (ml/s}, SJBW (cm), CMJ 15 sec. (cm), HP (cm), HPWB (cm). Gymnasts have level average in SJ and CMJ. Low ratio indicates optimal condition strength to gymnasts. Referring tests shows that 16 gymnasts have high value flight times jumps SJ and CMJ. A different tableau is observed to 5 gymnasts, where look lower values of flight times jumps in SJ and CMJ. From the measurements of the tests, it resulted that those gymnasts that were involved in the study had an average level of strength of their lower limbs and a lower level of power of their upper limbs. Keyword: Artistic Gymnastics, Physical Training, Strength, Performance.

Assessment of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) Risk among Adolescent Acrobatic Gymnasts.

Energy imbalance exposes athletes to relative energy deficiency in sports (REDs) syndrome. Data on energy consumption, REDs, and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescent acrobatic gymnasts, especially in males, are scarce. Our aim was to examine the eating habits, energy balance, body composition, and BMD of these athletes. In this study, 18 healthy adolescents participating in competitive acrobatic gymnastics completed a questionnaire, underwent a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan (DXA), received a food log, and had their activities monitored for 3 days. Eighteen acrobats were enrolled (mean age: 14.3 ± 1.2 years; males: 6/18). The mean total body BMD Z-score was 0.4 ± 1.0. Top-position acrobats (7/18) had significantly lower total body BMD Z-scores than base-positioned acrobats (-0.2 ± 0.3 vs. 0.8 ± 0.3, p = 0.032), though their forearms were not significantly different (0.2 ± 0.5 vs. 0.8 ± 0.7, p = 0.331). No sex differences were found for BMD Z-scores, BMI, or energy availability. The BMD parameters of the acrobats were within the normal range for a healthy pediatric population, although three had low BMDs (<-1 SD) for healthy athletes. Total body and LS BMD Z-scores were significantly lower in top-position athletes compared to base-position athletes. These findings suggest personalized (top vs. base) training programs (high-impact training) that may achieve better health outcomes.

A gymnastics coaches’ professional development program: exploring a needs-focused social learning space

ABSTRACT Background: Learning is a social, situational process. Effective coaches consistently apply situationally appropriate coaching knowledge to improve athletes’ developmental outcomes. Learning experiences should be cognizant of coaches’ learning needs and capacity to apply knowledge to facilitate athletes’ holistic development. This involves meaningful learning experiences tailored to coaches’ contextual learning needs. The use of social learning theory in supporting coach learning and development has been recommended in providing meaningful learning environments closer to coaches’ realities. Purpose: This study explored the impact of a professional development program designed to create a social learning space (SLS) for competitive youth artistic gymnastics coaches and evaluate the value created therein. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which coaches generated a SLS and the value the coaches created through their participation in the program. Methods: Six coaches joined a weekly gathering over five weeks. Data comprised transcribed video records of the gatherings, a focus group with the coaches, a semi-structured interview with the facilitator of the gatherings, and the researcher’s notes. Thematic analysis was employed to inductively analyze the creation of the SLS and deductively analyze the value created using the value creation framework (the VCF). Findings: The findings revealed that facilitating a learning opportunity based on SLS elements can result in coaches creating a SLS. Through building productive relationships to learn to make a difference in their practices, the coaches created value. Specifically, the coaches broadened their perspectives on athlete development, deepened their understanding of gymnasts’ developmental needs, and began to transform some of their current coaching practices. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the promotion of a professional development program focusing on coaches’ learning needs using the elements of SLS and the tenets of the constructivist view of learning. The SLS structure of this study has implications for the development and implementation of professional development programs for coaches. Future studies on designing professional development opportunities for coaches should expand on the different uses of the SLS approach as a more pervasive structure of social learning, drawing on complementary principles with theories and adopting a longitudinal perspective.

Investigating the Influence of Personalized Training on the Optimization of Some Psychomotor Behaviors Among Junior Gymnasts in the Training Process (Moldova Region, Romania)

The purpose of the study was identified by the effort to complement the standard sports training programme with a portfolio of innovative means and methods to optimise the process of achieving performance in gymnastics competitions. The group of subjects investigated was female and consisted of 19 gymnasts, aged 10 - 12 years. They were tested initially and finally to determine the effects that going through the training program had on the analyzed indicators. The Matorin, Flamingo, Balance Plate Position Maintenance and the "Y" tests were used in the research. We used descriptive statistics (Arithmetic Mean, Standard Deviation, Median, Confidence Interval and Coefficient of Variation) and significance tests which were used to assess the statistical significance of the difference between the means for two sets of scores (STUDENT paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon test). Based on the results recorded, we identified a significant difference between the mean values for the two tests. Following the results obtained, we can confirm that they help to form an overall picture from the perspective of motor skills on gymnasts and that there is a significant effectiveness of the motor intervention program in the sports training process.

Higher risk of Achilles tendon ruptures at competition than training sites in female collegiate gymnasts.

Reportedly, 17.2% of collegiate female gymnasts experience Achilles tendon ruptures (ATRs). Cumulative microtraumas resulting in chronic tendinopathy/tendinitis may contribute to this high injury risk. We hypothesized that the risk of ATRs in female collegiate gymnasts increases with years of competitive gymnastics, that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use is associated with less ATRs, and that the risk is larger during competition than training. Female gymnasts from 78 USA collegiate teams completed a survey assessing the prevalence of ATRs, NSAID use, age at which competitive gymnastics started and age at which ATR occurred, and whether ATRs occurred during training or competition. Twenty-one of 103 gymnasts (20.4%, 95% CI: 13.6% to 29.4%) experienced ATRs. Eighteen of 21 ruptures (85.7%, 95% CI: 61.3% to 95.8%) occurred after more than ten years of competitive gymnastics (mean: 14.0±2.6 years, 95% CI: 12.8 to 15.2 years). ATRs occurred 0.08±0.01 (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.11) times per 1000 hours at training versus 1.85±0.11 (95% CI: 1.60 to 2.10) times per 1000 hours at competition (P<0.05). Prevalence of NSAID use was 27.6% (95% CI: 18.6% to 39.0%) in gymnasts without ATR but only 5.5% (95% CI: 0.6% to 35.5%, P=0.09) in gymnasts with ATR. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated a negative association between NSAID use and incidence of ATRs (P<0.05). Female collegiate gymnasts are at high risk for ATRs, especially after more than ten years of competitive gymnastics and during competition.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT HANDSTAND PLACEMENT TECHNIQUES IN HANDSTAND BALANCE CONTROL AND GENDER DIFFERENCESDSTAND BALANCE CONTROL AND GENDER DIFFERENCES

The purpose of the study was twofold: (a) to examine the impact of various finger placements and utilization on the quality, control, and overall efficiency of handstand performance, and (b) to investigate potential gender differences in relation to these factors. Thirty-one young competitive gymnasts (15 males; age: 12.60 ± 2.08, and 16 females; age: 13.31 ± 2.21) participated in this study. A portable posturographic digital platform was used to record hand area (cm²), maximal pressure (kPa), CoP (center of hand pressure) sway area (mm²), CoP linear distance displacement (mm) and CoP velocity. Derived data were analyzed in an integrated software module (Foot Checker, version 4.0). The intra-class correlation coefficient and the coefficient of variation supported the reliability of the measurements. One-way MANOVA showed better balance control for all gymnasts for the handstand with flat palms and joined and fully stretched fingers, followed by that of flat palms and wide open and fully stretched fingers, and wide flat palms and open and flexed fingers. Results from one-way MANOVA indicated no differences between males and females in age, training age, body mass, height, and body mass index. With control for the effects of age, training age, personal characteristics and hand area of support in place, females had better balance control compared to males based on differences in CoP sway area, CoP linear distance displacement, and CoP velocity. Despite the study's limitations, the findings contribute to the existing literature on balance control techniques in handstands in relation to gender differences. The study provides recommendations for more effective training for coaches and suggests avenues for future research.

How Does the Jumping Performance Differs between Acrobatic and Rhythmic Gymnasts?

An increased jumping performance is key for gymnastics competition routines. Rhythmic gymnasts (RGs) use the jump as one of the main body elements. In Acrobatic Gymnastics (ACRO), top gymnasts must coordinate their jumps with the impulse provided by base gymnast(s). It is expected that the gymnasts’ discipline and role played impact their jumping skill. This work aims to investigate how the jumping performance differs between ACRO gymnasts and RGs, focusing on the Force–Velocity (F-V) profile mechanical variables. Gymnasts were divided in three groups: ACRO tops (n = 10, 13.89 (3.62) median (interquartile interval) years old), ACRO bases (n = 18, 18.24 (4.41) years old) and RGs (n = 15, 12.00 (3.00) years old). The F-V profile during countermovement jump and its mechanical variables were evaluated using MyJump2. A training background survey and anthropometric assessments were conducted. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Group comparisons showed that ACRO bases jump higher than ACRO tops and RGs, present a higher maximal force than RGs and a more balanced F-V profile, while RGs present high force deficits. Coaches can use this data to develop interventions that optimize the training stimulus to different gymnastics disciplines considering the individual characteristics and adaptability of each gymnast.

Injuries in French High-Level and National-Level Women Artistic Gymnastics: One-Year Prevalence and Associated Factors

Objective: The aims of this study were (1) to determine the one-year prevalence of injuries and their characteristics and (2) to analyze potential injury risk factors in high-level/national-level women artistic gymnasts. Methods: Competitive women artistic gymnasts training more than 10 h per week in a national training center and a TOP 12 club in France were invited to participate in a retrospective study through an online questionnaire about their self-reported injuries and potential injury risk factors (e.g., previous injuries, diseases, weight modification) during the 2020/2021 season. Results: A total of 88 gymnasts between 9 and 23 years old, who trained on average 22.0 ± 6.2 h per week, answered the questionnaire. Ninety-five injuries were reported by 62 (70.5%) of the 88 gymnasts. The one-year injury prevalence was 70.5% (95% CI 60.9 to 80.0%). Gymnasts had, on average, 1.1 ± 1.0 injuries per year. The most common reported injury location was the knee (25.3%), and the most common reported injury type was the ligament (26.3%). Having an injury during the previous season (OR = 9.06; CI 95% 2.66 to 36.73; p = 0.0007) and using a prevention program (OR = 3.97; CI 95% 1.46 to 11.15; p = 0.007) were associated with a higher risk of injury in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: More than 70% of French high-level/national-level gymnasts had at least one injury during the 2020/2021 season. This high injury rate supports the need to promote injury prevention. However, in the present study, using a prevention program was associated with a higher risk of injury. There is thus a need to improve injury prevention strategies to counter the high injury risk and its potential consequences.

Biomechanical Fundamentals of Hand Standing and Somersaults: The Impact of Coaching Interference

Biomechanics is the leading sports science concerned with movement technique. This is particularly significant in gymnastics, where the performance styles of the top gymnasts serve as examples for others to emulate, we aimed to conduct this study to evaluate the biomechanical fundamentals of hand standing and somersaulting between the two groups with and without coach interferences. A comparative study was conducted in which 24 highly competitive national standard healthy male gymnasts were enrolled. The participants were divided into two equal groups each group consisting of 12 players. One group was interfered and additionally trained by a coach and another group served as control in which there was no additional interference of coach. The researchers filmed the performance via canon EOS 100D cameras, while the motion analysis was done using the Kinovea motion analysis program. For hand standing, balance time and postural execution was observed between two groups. For somersault, c-motion guidelines were used to attach markers to the joints and limbs of participants to observe the angle and angular velocity of joints. A total of 24 participants (12 in each group) were analysed. Results was found out that the angles of ankle, knee, hip and shoulder at toe off time was found statistically significant. The angular velocity at the time of initial contact and toe off between the two groups was statistically significant. The hand standing between two groups was found son significant. The study results revealed that the angles of participant under coach interferences were found effective in somersault. In light of the results, it is recommended that joint angles should be focused to acquire this technique more effectively. Keywords: somersaults, hand standing, biomechanical fundamentals, coaching interference, gymnastic.

Application of multiple regression models in the analysis of kinematic parameters in competitive gymnastics

Abstract Nowadays, the progress of competitive gymnasts needs more and more help from sports science, and it is from the mechanics perspective that human movement science analyzes this complex system of the human body. In this paper, the back handsprings in gymnastics were tested and recorded with a motion capture system to evaluate the back handsprings’ technical movements quantitatively. A multiple regression model was used to model the dynamics of the human body and carry out simulation calculations to analyze and study the movement patterns and lower limb stresses. The results showed that the maximum load rate through the back handspring experimental stage was (379.91±101.23) BW/s, and the time of appearance of the maximum load rate was (0.025±0.003) s. The maximum load decay rate was (-321.61±107.21) BW/s, and the time of appearance of the maximum load decay rate was (0.043±0.005) s. The difference between the results and the actual test value difference between the results and the actual test values was less than 0.005, indicating the feasibility of applying the multiple regression model to the kinematic parameters analysis of competitive gymnastics. The multiple regression-based kinematic parameter analysis models can effectively solve the problem of force on the bones and joints of difficult gymnastic movements, which can better assist trainers in learning gymnastic items and provide theoretical support and reference basis for the development and training of difficult skills in competitive gymnastics.

Relative Age Effect on Competitive Gymnasts

Bu çalışma müsabakalara katılan cimnastikçilerin bağıl yaş durumlarını incelemek için yapılmıştır. Türkiye Cimnastik Federasyonu tarafından organize edilen resmi müsabakalara katılan 7 – 14 yaş arası cimnastikçilerin doğdukları aylar incelenmiştir. Cimnastik disiplinleri arasında ve madalya kazanan cimnastikçilerde bağıl yaş etkisinin olup olmadığına bakılmıştır. Yarışmaya katılan toplam 1555 cimnastikçinin doğum tarihi verileri kullanılmıştır. Yarışmaya katılan sporcuların %28,36’sı birinci çeyrek doğumlu iken, %26,62’si ikinci çeyrek, %23,73’ü üçüncü çeyrek ve %21,29’zu dördüncü çeyrek doğumludur. Madalya kazanan cimnastikçiler incelendiğinde ise madalya kazanan cimnastikçilerin büyük oranda ikinci çeyrek (%37,70) doğumlu oldukları görülmüştür. Madalya alan cimnastikçilerin toplam %63,39’unun ilk iki çeyrekte doğduğu düşünüldüğünde, cimnastikte küçük yaş gruplarında bağıl yaş etkisinin olduğundan bahsedilebilir.