Competitive Behavior Research Articles

Designing postcapitalist finance in Protocols for Postcapitalist Expression

Abstract Protocols for Postcapitalist Expression, the Economic Space Agency’s latest experiment in radical economic design, explores the possibility of designing a digitally native economy that is geared towards care, the arts, and the environment, and which not only refuses to give up on the financial frontiers of contemporary capitalism, but actively seeks to marshal them towards innovative ends. The architecture of a novel economic space comes into view through a set of protocols, which integrate economic information within a social value framework. This ‘Economic Space Protocol’ involves crafting a new grammar for economic information production processes that have traditionally been tied to competitive market behavior. This essay interrogates the place of finance in the book, emphasizing price discovery’s generativity with regards to information. What is necessary in the imagination of any postcapitalist future are radical design initiatives that contend with both the necessity and the limits of the price discovery process.

When does Reckless Driving Occurs? Case Study in Nampula, Mozambique

This study investigates the influence of traffic conditions on reckless driving behavior in Nampula, Mozambique, where road accidents claim several lives daily. Previous research has largely focused on individual driving behaviors, neglecting the impact of traffic environments on such behaviors. This study addresses this gap by categorizing vehicles into four groups: passenger cars, minibuses, trucks, and motorcycles, and classifying traffic conditions using k-means clustering. Three distinct traffic patterns were identified: Motorcycle and Car Dominant Traffic (MCDT), High-Density Traffic Flow (HDTf), and Low-Density Traffic Flow (LDTf). Results show that reckless driving is significantly influenced by traffic conditions, with minibuses, motorcycles, and trucks being key contributors. Pattern 2 (HDTf) demonstrated the highest occurrence of reckless driving, driven by competition among minibus drivers, the obstructive presence of trucks, and risky motorcycle maneuvers. Pattern 1 also exhibited elevated risk, particularly performed among motorcycle riders, while Pattern 3 (LDTf) showed the lowest risk due to reduced traffic density. Poisson regression analysis revealed that increased traffic flow in any vehicle category is associated with higher rates of reckless driving. Minibuses and motorcycles, functioning as demand-oriented public transport, engage in competitive and unsafe behaviors, while trucks, though not engaging in reckless driving directly, act as barriers that exacerbate risky maneuvers by other vehicles. These findings highlight the need for dedicated lanes for minibuses and motorcycles and tailored traffic safety policies to mitigate reckless driving.

Differential Game Analysis of Carbon Emission Reduction Effect and Price Strategy Considering Government Intervention and Manufacturer Competition

ABSTRACTGovernments and enterprises are paying more and more attention to carbon emissions. Considering the dynamic of carbon emissions reduction (CER) and the government intervention, this study discusses the optimal CER effort level, price, and government intervention intensity in a two‐echelon supply chain consisting of a government and two manufacturers. The two manufacturers have two competitive behaviors: Cournot and Stackelberg. Two differential game models are constructed for the two different behaviors, and the optimal decisions under the two models are obtained. The comparisons of these optimal solutions are analyzed, and the influence of some parameters on the optimal solution in the two models is investigated under two scenarios. Furthermore, the optimal government intervention intensity is obtained with the goal of maximizing government utility. The results show that the Stackelberg game allows manufacturers to achieve higher profits and CER but is disadvantageous to consumers, and the manufacturer as the leader has a first‐mover advantage. Fierce market competition leads to greater CER and profits, but higher prices reduce consumer surplus. Larger penalties can promote enterprises to reduce carbon emissions when carbon emissions are large. Compared with the Cournot behavior game, the Stackelberg allows manufacturers to obtain higher profits and CER, but the prices are higher that are detrimental for consumers. The fierce market competition is good for manufacturers, the environment, and the society, but it reduces the consumer surplus. The low CER efficiency causes high costs and reduces the manufacturer's motivation to CER, which harm the environment and reduce profits. The government intervention is negatively correlated with the intensity of market competition and the sensitivity of manufacturers to policies.

Dynamic pricing and demand forecasting: Integrating time-series analysis, regression models, machine learning, and competitive analysis

Abstract. Dynamic pricing is a critical strategy for businesses seeking to optimize revenue and stay competitive in fluctuating markets. This paper explores the integration of various demand forecasting techniques, including time-series analysis, regression models, and machine learning algorithms, with competitive analysis methodologies to enhance dynamic pricing strategies. Time-series analysis focuses on decomposing data into trend, seasonality, and random fluctuations, using ARIMA models for accurate demand prediction. Regression models delve into the complexities of variable interactions, extending beyond linear relationships to include advanced techniques like Ridge, Lasso, and Elastic Net regression. Machine learning algorithms, such as decision trees, random forests, gradient boosting, and neural networks, revolutionize demand forecasting by uncovering complex patterns in large datasets. Competitive analysis incorporates market scanning, price elasticity estimation, and competitor behavior modeling to inform dynamic pricing decisions. Optimization algorithms, including linear programming, genetic algorithms, and simulated annealing, are employed to refine pricing strategies, while revenue management techniques like yield management and overbooking ensure maximum revenue from perishable goods and services. This comprehensive approach enables businesses to dynamically adjust prices in real-time, maintaining competitiveness and maximizing profitability in an ever-evolving market landscape.

Enhanced Gallium Extraction Using Silane-Modified Mesoporous Silica Synthesized from Coal Gasification Slag

This study presents an innovative approach to utilize coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS) for efficient and low-cost gallium extraction. Using a one-step acid leaching process, mesoporous silica with a surface area of 258 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.15 cm3/g was synthesized. The properties of CGCS before and after acid leaching were characterized through SEM, FTIR, XRD, and BET analyses, with optimal conditions identified for maximizing specific surface area and generating saturated silanol groups. The prepared mesoporous silica demonstrated a 99% Ga(III) adsorption efficiency. Adsorption conditions were optimized, and adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and competitive adsorption behaviors were evaluated. Competitive adsorption with vanadium suggests potential application in Ga(III) extraction from vanadium-rich waste solutions. Furthermore, the recyclability of both the acid and adsorbent was explored, with the adsorbent maintaining over 85% adsorption efficiency after five cycles. The adsorption mechanism was further elucidated through SEM-EDS, XPS, and FTIR analyses. This work not only advances resource recovery from industrial waste but also offers a sustainable method for gallium extraction with industrial applications.

Diversified competitive sulfuration behaviors of concomitant heavy metal ions on copper recovery from copper smelting waste acid

Currently, sulfuration is widely used for the Cu(II) recovery from copper smelting waste acids (CSWA). However, the abundant concomitant heavy metal ions (HMIs) seriously obstruct Cu(II) recovery. In this paper, we find that the precipitation difficulty of HMI sulfide is determined by solubility product constant (Ksp), H+ concentration and S(−II) concentration, resulting in the diversified competitive sulfuration behaviors of concomitant HMIs on Cu(II) recovery. For concomitant HMIs without S(−II)-consuming ability, the positive-side competitive sulfuration behaviors on Cu(II) recovery are in the order of In(III) > Zn(II) > Ni(II) > Fe(II) > Mn(II). However, with the formation of concomitant HMIs sulfides, the negative-side competitive sulfuration behaviors on Cu(II) recovery are in the order of Fe(III) > As(III) > Bi(III) > Cd(II). According to the results of diffusion-growth-dissolution model, the S(−II)-combining process on HMIs surface is divided into S(−II)-capturing and S(−II)-consuming stages, related to Ksp value and HMIs precipitation, respectively. In actual CSWA, 5000 ∼ 15000 mg/L As(III) seriously inhibits the recovery efficiency of 500 ∼ 2000 mg/L Cu(II), and other concomitant HMIs (e.g., 250 ∼ 1200 mg/L Zn(II), 300 ∼ 450 mg/L Cd(II), 10 ∼ 200 mg/L Bi(III) and 20 ∼ 200 mg/L Fe(II)) will further affect Cu(II) recovery. Besides, ignoring these diversified competitive sulfurations of concomitant HMIs induces unreasonable S(−II) concentration for complete Cu(II) recovery, resulting in Cu(II) recovery issues: As(III) precipitation and Cu(II) residue. Thus, timely information in instantaneous Cu(II) concentration is a feasible strategy to accurately adjust S(−II) concentration via Cu(II) quantitative model. This work is devoted to the efficient and controllable recovery of Cu resources and the reduction of As-containing hazardous wastes in sulfuration treatment of actual CSWA.

Separation and utilization of lithium, magnesium, and boron resources from salt lakes through Ionic liquid extraction and CO2 mineralization

Salt lake is abundant in three crucial resources − lithium(Li), magnesium(Mg), and boron(B). The separation efficiency of these resources is low, the excessive use of acid and the environmental harm caused by the accumulation of magnesium source after Li+ extraction still exist. In this work, a new process of step-by-step extraction of B-Li and Mg mineralisation is proposed to separate the three resources. Boron was extracted using 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol (EHD) + kerosene, and it was found that the addition of FeCl3 could significantly improve the boron extraction rate(E). In the R(O:A) = 1:3, 40 %EHD + 60 %kerosene, adding 0.15 mol/L FeCl3, after three-stage countercurrent extraction, the E(B3+) reached 99 %, E(Fe3+), E(Li+) and E(Mg2+) less than 4 %. Tributyl Phosphate (TBP)-Ionic Liquids (ILs)-kerosene-FeCl3 system was used to extract Li+, the ILs and FeCl3 existed in the extraction process with a competitive behaviour. The extraction efficiency of lithium was improved by cationic [C4mim+] exchange reaction. Under the conditions of R(O:A) = 1:1, 5 %ILs + 65 %TBP + 30 %kerosene, three-stage extraction, the E(Li+) was reached 91 %. (NH4)2CO3 was used to mineralise the magnesium resources. Reaction temperature of 40 °C, the product was magnesium carbonate trihydrate(MgCO3·3H2O) with a smooth surface and rod-like structure, and the conversion rate reached 85 %. At 75 °C, the product was irregular spheroidal basic magnesium carbonate(4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·5H2O) with a magnesium conversion of 91.7 %.

Multiparous ewes have greater mating success when competing with nulliparous ones

The hypothesis of this study was that multiparous ewes are more attractive to rams than nulliparous ewes, leading to more intense courtship and mating displays by rams in competitive environments. Thus, this study aimed to compare the sexual interactions of multiparous or nulliparous estrous ewes tested together or individually with sexually active males. Seven sexually experienced Corriedale rams, 21 multiparous, and 21 nulliparous Corriedale ewes were used. Competitive and individual sexual behavior tests were performed for 3 consecutive days immediately after estrous detection. Seven rams were tested with seven different dyads of one multiparous and one nulliparous female daily, totaling 14 ewes per day. The competitive sexual behavioral test evaluated a ram together in a pen with one multiparous ewe and one nulliparous ewe for 10min. In the individual sexual behavioral test, each ram was tested twice for 10min, with the same multiparous and nulliparous females used in the competitive sexual tests. The sexual behaviors of rams were recorded in both tests, and ewes' behaviors were registered in the competitive sexual tests. During the competitive sexual tests, rams approached, mated, and tended to sniff the multiparous ewes before the nulliparous ewes (p=0.03; p=0.01; p=0.056, respectively). In those tests, rams mated the multiparous ewes more efficiently than nulliparous ones (p=0.002), meaning that rams mounted multiparous fewer times to ejaculate. The number of flehmens and their length were greater in nulliparous than in multiparous (0.01 and 0.002, respectively). The nulliparous ewes urinated more times and tended to do it in greater duration and tended to walk more than the multiparous (p=0.01; p=0.06; p=0.08, respectively). During the individual sexual behavioral tests, rams showed no differences in the sexual behaviors displayed toward multiparous and nulliparous females. In conclusion, multiparous ewes were preferred as sexual partners over nulliparous ewes, with rams showing greater efficiency in ejaculating with multiparous ewes. This increased sexual attractiveness was primarily due to the ewes' attractive signals rather than their proceptive behaviors. However, multiparous and nulliparous ewes were courted and mated similarly when rams had no choice, increasing the likelihood of reproduction in both groups. While nulliparous ewes signaled their reproductive status more frequently through urination, this signal did not compensate for the other signals provided by multiparous ewes, which contributed to their higher sexual attractiveness. These findings offer practical insights, emphasizing the importance of separating multiparous and nulliparous ewes to optimize reproductive outcomes in collective breedings.

A simple two-step reaction for synthesizing demulsifiers for a high salt crude oil emulsion

In this paper, two demulsifiers (PDA-L and GDA-L) were synthesized by grafting lauric acid on polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether or glycerol triglycidyl ether. The structure of PDA-L and GDA-L were analyzed by FTIR and 1HNMR, and the demulsification performance in water-in-oil emulsion was detailly evaluated by the bottle test. The results showed that PDA-L exhibited higher demulsification efficiency (DE) compared to GDA-L, attributed to its more appropriate amphiphilic characteristics. Judging by the results, when the dosage of PDA-L was 500 mg/L, the DE could achieve 100 % within 4 h at a temperature of 50 °C, and it also had excellent demulsification performance in a wide pH range (4–10) and high salinity. The competitive adsorption behavior of asphaltenes and PDA-L at the oil–water interface was studied by interfacial tension and three-phase contact angle. Moreover, the effect of PDA-L on the interfacial film strength was studied by coalescence time of droplets and viscoelastic modulus. Based on previous tests, a possible demulsification mechanism was proposed. PDA-L features a hydrophilic core and two extended hydrophobic alkyl chains, allowing it to readily move to the oil–water interface. This process facilitates the replacement of asphaltene and the formation of an unstable composite film, thereby promoting demulsification.

Competitive reaction behavior and formation mechanism of reactively spark plasma sintered TiB2-TiC composite ceramics with tunable compositions

Competitive reaction behavior and formation mechanism of reactively spark plasma sintered TiB2-TiC composite ceramics with tunable compositions

DOMINANTS FOR THE NATIONAL ECONOMIES’ COMPETITIVENESS

This article is devoted to innovation as a prerequisite for the national economies' sustainable development and a domain for their global competitiveness. The paper aims to highlight the internal essence of mutual relations between innovation, competition, and economic growth. It was assumed that innovation positively affected the competitive behaviour of economic agents and eventually contributed to an increase in public welfare. Regarding the period from 2007 to 2022, we considered the sample of Central European countries and the Baltic states. Theoretical generalization has been applied to systematize the factors determining competition and innovation. We used statistical methods and comparative analysis to investigate the indicators' dynamics. The interdependencies between macroeconomic dynamics and a set of competition and innovation indicators have been assessed. It was proved that the proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in the total value added of manufacturing was quite important, yet not the ultimate criterion for ensuring high growth rates and sustainable development. The dynamics of commercial spending on research and development had been ambiguous and unsustainable. To ensure strategic competitiveness, national governments should encourage innovation in their respective business communities. The sampled economies have been examined considering a set of innovation and competition indicators (e.g., gross capital formation, research and development expenditures, logistics performance, export technological structure, carbon dioxide emission, and renewable energy consumption). Considering the implications of globalization, tax burden as an integral characteristic of the national economy's competitiveness has been evaluated as well. It was pointed out that: a) a stable, understandable and transparent tax policy should be implemented to protect the investors' property rights; b) a system of total anti-corruption measures aimed at preventing the practices of receiving undue benefits should be set; and c) the business sector should improve own environmental and social responsibility complexly, introduce resource-saving, green and circular economy.

Globalisation and competitive strategies of firms in traditional manufacturing sectors of the West Midlands

In the context of globalisation, the sustainability of traditional manufacturing sectors depends on the ability of firms to modernise and diversify. To remain competitive against emerging economies in high-volume and low-technology areas, firms must engage in high-value manufacturing. This paper uses theoretical underpinnings from strategic management and place-based approaches to provide a historical account of competitive strategies of traditional manufacturing firms in the West Midlands region of the UK between 2010 and 2012 where the automotive, ceramics, glass and clothing sectors are examined. The research methodology is based on critical realist philosophy, which emphasizes an in-depth understanding of firm behaviour and acknowledges sensitivity to differences in decision-making. The paper highlights the complexity of competitive behaviour, which is influenced by enabling and constraining factors. While the evidence presented in the paper is from 2010 to 2012, it emphasizes the need for a participatory, farsighted, and proactive policy approach to retain the historic industrial character of the region.

Teacher Training Dynamics: Positive and Negative Interdependence in Moroccan Training Centers

This study explores the dynamics of competition and collaboration among trainee teachers at the Centres Régionaux des Métiers de l’Éducation et de la Formation (CRMEF) in Morocco. Given the increasing precarity in teacher training centers and the heightened emphasis on effectiveness and academic excellence, the research examines how these factors shape trainees' learning environment and professional development. Using Social Interdependence Theory, the study assesses how varying levels of competition and collaboration impact trainees' attitudes, behaviors, and overall performance, offering insights into their educational experiences and outcomes. The study employed an exploratory sequential design, beginning with data from two focus group discussions to develop a survey, which was then administered to 157 participants from three regional academies. The findings reveal high levels of competition at the CRMEF, contributing to increased stress and reduced teamwork effectiveness. However, trainees demonstrate strong collaboration in group tasks while displaying competitive behaviors during individual tasks. The study suggests that team-based assessments could mitigate the negative impacts of competition and enhance collaborative efforts.

The newly discovered competitive growth behavior of γ and α2 phases

This study reports a new phenomenon of competitive growth between TiAl alloy structures. By annealing the β-solidified Ti-44Al-8Nb-0.1B alloy for a short time, a new phenomenon of repeated competitive growth between α2 and γ phases is found. Finally, the (α2 + γ) lamellar structure engulfs other structures and grows, transforming into a full lamellar structure.

Competitive adsorption behavior and adsorption mechanism of limestone and activated carbon in polymetallic acid mine water treatment

Acid mine water (AMD) can cause significant environmental hazards due to its high concentration of metal ions, so the development of effective treatment methods is essential to mitigate its impact. In this study, adsorption experiments were conducted using limestone (LS) and activated carbon (AC) to explore the adsorption efficiency for different concentrations of metal ions. Adsorption was evaluated by static and competitive batch tests. The adsorbent mechanism was investigated using analytical techniques such as SEM, FTIR and XRD. The efficacy of LS and AC for competitive adsorption of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu ions from AMD was evaluated. The study analyzed the effect of environmental conditions such as initial concentration and ionic strength on the adsorption efficiency. The results showed that LS showed high adsorption capacity for Fe and Cu, but was less effective in competitive adsorption of Mn. AC showed superior adsorption performance for Fe and Cu under competitive conditions due to its high surface area and functional groups. Both adsorbents showed selective efficacy influenced by the physicochemical properties of metal ions. This study helps to guide the optimization of adsorbents in AMD treatment and highlights the importance of selecting suitable materials based on specific metal ion properties.

New insights into the merging behavior of pedestrians: Quantification of lane competition level

Merging behavior is a complex crowd movement pattern caused by certain architectural features and has triggered serious crowd accidents worldwide. It is not uncommon to find such merging structures on the floor plans of some underground infrastructures, which deserve more detailed studies on special crowd movement patterns to enhance the safety level. Researchers have demonstrated that the unstable emotions and competitive behaviors of pedestrians during underground evacuation need to be taken into account due to the enclosed environment. However, there are no relevant studies focused on the competition characteristics among pedestrians during the merging process in a quantitative way. The comprehensiveness and systematization of the geometric features of typical merging structures, as well as the way to create the perception of competition and conflict among pedestrians during real emergencies also need to be improved. In this paper, we carried out a series of controlled experiments in symmetric and asymmetric merging structures with different channel widths and incentive levels to investigate crowd merging behavior with competition characteristics. The density and delay time within the merging area, as well as the time interval and lane changes before and after merging are analyzed. By introducing and modifying Simpson’s Diversity Index, we proposed a new method for quantifying the competition level among pedestrians during the merging process. It is concluded that the performance of the merging area is sensitive to the channel widths and the merging layouts, and the negative effect of unbalanced walking priority is more significant under high incentive level. The lane competition level during the merging process is correlated with the effects of various geometric features, movement layouts, and incentive levels. The method proposed in this paper brings new insights into the interpretation of merging scenarios and more studies on pedestrian dynamics. We hope that this study could serve as supplementary work for other modeling or field experiment methods to jointly provide more insights into the crowd management strategies in some underground infrastructures.

Conflicting Views of Nature and Their Impact on Evolution Understanding

AbstractIn nature, competition within and between species is the norm, yet nature is also reputed to be a “peaceable kingdom” where animals cooperate rather than compete. This study explored how such contrasting views of nature influence students’ biological reasoning. College undergraduates (n = 165) assessed the prevalence of cooperative behaviors, such as food sharing and symbiotic cleaning, and competitive behaviors, such as cannibalism and parasitism, and these assessments were compared to their understanding of evolution as a process of differential survival and reproduction. Participants underestimated the prevalence of competitive behaviors relative to cooperative ones, particularly for behaviors directed toward other members of the same species, and the accuracy of their judgments predicted how well they understood evolution, even when controlling for other predictors of evolution understanding, including perceptions of within-species variation and perceptions of geologic time. These findings suggest that overly benevolent views of nature compete with more realistic views and may hamper our appreciation of the mechanisms of adaptation.

Competition and stereotypic behavior in Thoroughbred horses: The value of saliva as a diagnostic marker of stress.

Many horses exhibit stereotypies, especially when living in human controlled environments that may prevent horses from satisfying natural needs in terms of feeding, drinking, moving, and socializing. In human medicine, obsessive compulsive disorder and other severe psychiatric disturbances are associated with stereotypic behaviors; salivary biomarkers evaluation is considered a reliable tool for diagnosis of common mental health disorders because saliva collection easy to obtain and noninvasive. In this study, we hypothesized that salivary cortisol concentrations, in addition to alpha-amylase (sAA) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities, are considered stress biomarkers that may be influenced in horses trained for racing competition with stereotypic behaviors. Saliva at rest condition was obtained from ten non-stereotypic Thoroughbreds horses involved in high-level competition; eleven Thoroughbreds high-level competition horses showing stereotypic behaviors, and five Thoroughbreds leisure non-competition horses. Cortisol was found to be higher in high-level competition non-stereotypic horses and sAA was significantly higher in non-stereotypic leisure horses when compared to horses involved in competition, while BChE did not change between groups. These results may represent the basis for further behavioural evaluation to elucidate how stereotypic horses and horses involved in competition overcome stressful situations.

Waste tea as absorbent for removal of heavy metal present in contaminated water

The goal of this study is to investigate the efficacy of tea-derived absorbents for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water. For this, absorbents were prepared from milk tea (MT) waste, Ilam tea (IT) waste, and various types of tea leaves, including Immature (IML), mature (ML), and old leaves (OL). The characterization of the absorbents revealed distinct physical and chemical properties from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), with varying degrees of effectiveness observed across different absorbent types. Heavy metal removal efficiency was assessed using a chemical-free UV-spectrophotometer. The results show that the maximum removal efficiency for Cd using the IT absorbent reaches up to 82.14 % with 100 ppm cetyltrim ethylammonium bromide (CTAB), while the minimum removal efficiency is 32.14 % using the OL absorbent with 20 ppm CTAB. For Zn, the OL absorbent demonstrates a maximum removal efficiency of 52.59 % with 100 ppm CTAB, whereas the minimum efficiency is 3.70 % using the ML absorbent with 20 ppm CTAB. For Ni, the highest removal efficiency is achieved with the ML absorbent, reaching up to 97.73 % with 100 ppm CTAB, and the lowest is 31.82 % with the MT absorbent with 20 ppm CTAB. The addition of a catalyst further enhanced removal efficiencies in both absorbents and metals. Also, the removal of heavy metal ions using 0.05 g of tea absorbent combined with CTAB at varying concentrations. Results show that the addition of 20 ppm and 100 ppm CTAB significantly reduces metal ion concentrations from an initial 100 mg/L. The metal ion concentration decreases as CTAB concentration increases, demonstrating the effectiveness of CTAB in enhancing the absorption capacity of tea absorbent for heavy metal removal. The investigation of selective adsorption of Ni, Zn, and Cd by an adsorbent, revealing competitive adsorption behavior with Ni and Zn being adsorbed more rapidly than Cd, suggesting the impact of metal ion interference on adsorption efficiency. However, limitations were observed with certain absorbent types; for instance, immature leaves did not effectively remove Ni. Overall, this study underscores the potential of tea-derived absorbents as sustainable solutions for mitigating heavy metal pollution in industrial wastewater. Further research is needed to optimize absorbent formulations and explore their applicability in real-world environmental remediation scenarios.

Molecular insight into the interfacial microstructural and miscible behavior of CO2 flooding in tight reservoir

In this study, the interfacial microstructure of CO2 flooding in tight reservoirs was investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Initially, the study focused on four systems: membrane, cluster, dead-end and channel. The evolving properties of the oil-gas and oil-solid interfaces within the static swelling system were analyzed. By examining interaction energy and pressure curves, it was revealed that CO2 permeability at the oil-gas interface and accumulation at the oil-solid interface play crucial roles in the swelling process, subsequently impacting competitive adsorption behaviors with alkanes. Secondly, the oil-gas interface characteristics of the dynamic driving system are analyzed through comparison of tangential and vertical drive. The mechanism underlying the degradation of miscibility is revealed by evaluating the interfacial thickness and energy. Moreover, the addition of different co-solvents identifies key influencing factors on miscible zone stability, which serve as an improvement for the subsequent miscible optimization. The study provides certain guiding significance for improving oil recovery in CO2 flooding projects.