Competitive Advantage Of Nations Research Articles

Redefining Malaysia's printing landscape: insights from Porter's CAN Model

Malaysia's burgeoning printing industry, while showcasing potential, grapples with challenges that constrain its growth and global reach, underscoring the need for a deep and structured assessment. This pivotal study is designed to unpack the competitiveness of the Malaysian printing sector within the vast expanse of the global market, with a spotlight on the commercial printing segment. It revolves around the central inquiry: "Which critical factors mold the competitiveness of Malaysia's printing industry, and how can insights from Porter's Competitive Advantage of Nations (CAN) model illuminate them?" Anchored in the renowned Porter's CAN model, the research undertakes a multifaceted analysis of industry pillars, including intricate demand patterns, supply chain dynamics, prevailing competition, and the overarching influence of government directives. Data, meticulously sourced from 2015-2019 through national agencies and global institutions, forms the bedrock of this systemic examination. The study reveals that Malaysia stands fortified by assets like adept labor, contemporary infrastructure, and cost-effective energy provisions. Yet, it's not devoid of challenges, notably, the lag in embracing cuttingedge production tech and the absence of razor-sharp competitive strategies. However, the surge in both domestic and international demand sketches a promising trajectory. Beyond validating the robustness of the CAN model, the study weaves a tapestry of insights for industry stakeholders. It underscores the pivotal role of agile government interventions and the pressing mandate to integrate digital innovations. The findings beckon a targeted strategy to navigate and neutralize identified pitfalls, amplifying the industry's global resonance. While the study carves a panoramic landscape, its primary reliance on secondary datasets is its Achilles' heel. Still, it emerges as an invaluable compass for industry stakeholders, directing strategic investments and policy recalibrations to elevate the global stature of Malaysia's printing industry.

Інтеграційні процеси в системі захисту національних економічних інтересів країн Західної Європи у повоєнний період

The protracted war intensifies Ukraine’s political, financial, and economic dependence on partner countries, which determines the importance of protecting national interests and strengthening its own competitive advantages. At the same time, further integration of the country into the global economic space is a victory, national security, and a successful post-war recovery guarantee. It determines the importance of the historical assessment of the integration processes’ role in national economic development. The purpose of the study is to summarize the results of the European integration impact on the post-war economic reconstruction of the Western European countries in terms of overcoming the region's financial and economic dependence on foreign aid and protecting national interests. Concepts of international economic integration are the theoretical basis of the research. The research methodology is based on the problem-logical, historical-genetic, comparative, and statistical analysis. The research determines that the formation of regional European associations and the involvement of Western European countries in the integration processes, which was carried out through the trade barriers reduction, the multilateral agreements, and the assistance regime agreements, was caused by a number of conditions and factors, including harmful post-war social and economic consequences, the destabilization of American-European trade and the dollar deficit, powerful foreign aid within the framework of the Marshall Plan, which contributed to the restoration of the industrial and commercial potential of countries, the joint policy of the US and Western European countries regarding security, peace, and prosperity. It has been proven that in the post-war reconstruction terms, trade and economic integration became a determinant of the activation of intra-European trade, the formation of a single European market, the strengthening of export technology, which helped to overcome the financial and economic dependence of the region on the USA and the realization of the national competitive advantages of the Western European countries in international trade. The integration processes were an induced, but objective response of the Western European governments to post-war threats and risks. Although integration involved some limitations of countries in terms of legal regulation and the joint implementation of trade, monetary, and financial policies, it led to the formation of a system of supranational economic management based on democratization, harmonization, and consolidation, contributed to the realization of national interests in terms of political security and economic growth.

The role of shipbrokers in sustainable maritime clusters: A quantitative approach towards digitalization

Shipbrokers hold a very important role in shipping, as their involvement in bridging supply and demand in the industry is critical. Shipping, a modern yet highly traditional industry, has been woven through the eons of human need for transportation into a highly asymmetric construct with reference to the exchange of information. This pitfall is covered by the reassuring role of the shipbroker and over time can be facilitated only with digitalization. On the other hand, maritime clusters have been considered in previous years as the powerhouses of growth for modern economies, as they can foster national competitive advantages. These constructs have been thought to hold a definitive implication in the aim of the shipping industry towards sustainability. Within this context, the role of shipbrokers has not been documented extensively and this specific research gap is tended to by the present work. This is accomplished through a questionnaire administered to shipping professionals to extract the effect of shipbrokers in clusters, and presented with the utilization of instruments that can play a major part towards a digitalization paradigm. The analysis of the survey results can help attain a definitive image as per the implications of brokers in sustainable maritime clusters.

A review of competitive advantage theory applied to the global rare earth industry transition

The strategically vital rare earth industry is in a period of transition. The twelve trade-aligned Minerals Security Partnership nations leading this transition are currently addressing two major challenges – single-nation dominance of the production stream and increasing production capacity. Working with their national industries, their bold, post-transition vision of diversified, multi-national production with increased production capacity is being supported by massive government subsidies and new industry strategies. Meeting these two challenges are necessary short-term actions; however, a third challenge that is not being addressed puts the long-term success of the transition at risk. Competitive advantage theory suggests that re-building national competitive advantage determinants as the basis for firm profitability is a necessary condition for long-term transition success. Without a successful transition, critical societal goals such as clean energy transition which are dependent on a stable rare earth industry, are at risk. Long-term benefits from a larger, stable industry accrue to all rare earth industry nations through positive-sum productivity growth. This paper examines relevant research for using competitive advantage theory as an analysis framework for the rare earth industry transition. We noted a literature gap in applying competitive advantage theory to the rare earth industry, providing an opportunity to extend the literature in this important area. Searches of three databases, as well as our repository of articles from previous ad hoc library searches, yielded 51 articles for critical analysis. We found support for using competitive advantage theory as a transition analysis framework, noting theory extensions from two sources that will be required to address gaps in the theory when applied to the rare earth industry transition. The critical analysis revealed the underlying dynamic feedback structure of competitive advantage theory, supporting the use of dynamic simulation modeling for the study of the transition dynamics.

Strategic directions of balanced economic growth of entrepreneurial entities

Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to study and describe some characteristics of the balanced economic growth of entrepreneurial entities (small, medium and large enterprises), draw valid conclusions and reveal future perspectives, which will allow us to balance their sustainable dynamic development and be able to mobilize and effectively manage our own resources.
 Results. In both developed and developing countries, the role of small and medium enterprises is important. Small and medium-sized businesses are the main driving force in business development. In many countries of the world (including EU countries), small and medium entrepreneurship is considered as the main strategic direction of inclusive growth, employment, and economic development. The problem of economic growth of enterprises in the market economy is an urgent issue. Despite many innovative offers, the activities of the country’s enterprises, the growth of their scale requires more efforts. One of the main guidelines for ensuring the sustainable economic growth of enterprises is to ensure the economic efficiency of the leading sectors of the country’s economy, the enterprises included in them. In the conditions of modern globalization, as a result of the strengthening of competition, the issue of the development of the innovative economy came to the fore. The role of the leading directions of the country as a whole, as well as their individual enterprises, is essentially increasing. They determine the country’s specialization in the world economic system. Such enterprises determine the national competitive advantage.
 Scientific novelty. While working on the research issues of the paper, as a result of theoretical and empirical research, the following were improved and complexly investigated: modern approaches to the study of ensuring the balanced economy, components of the balanced indicator system, balanced economic growth models, as a result of which the modern features and challenges of the economic growth of Georgian enterprises were revealed. Besides, in this study, the theoretical foundations of the balanced economic growth research are analyzed; the peculiarities of the balanced growth of enterprises in the conditions of globalization are defined; the ways of balanced economic growth of enterprises, its financial and economic indicators, models and perspectives are determined; the mechanism of sustainable development of enterprises is identified; as a result of studying the functions of a small and medium-sized enterprise, its strengths and weaknesses have been identified; the factors hindering the development and internationalization of the country’s small and medium-sized enterprises have been identified; the main recommendations for the development and internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises of the country have been developed.
 Practical value. The conclusions and recommendations formed as a result of the conducted research can be used as a starting point for the balanced economic growth of the country’s business entities, small and medium enterprises.

Գինեգործության կլաստերացումը Վայոց ձորի մարզում / Clustering of Winemaking in the Voyots Dzor Region

 In a transition economy like Armenia, the promotion of small and medium-sized enterprises has a decisive role in increasing the level of competitiveness of production. It also has its place in the development of local and national competitive advantages. Currently, one of the main directions of state policy of developing countries is the implementation of cluster policy, which is aimed at increasing the level of national and regional competitiveness. Among the many existing theories of forming and increasing the competitiveness of the general economy, the most effective application today is the introduction of clusters and the provision of activities in the relevant fields. Clusters, being the most important component of the economy and the main carriers of development, propose highly effective ways to ensure rapid growth. They ensure an increase in the competitiveness of the branch, region or even the country. Clusters are a relatively new field of research, and their formation is also a new phenomenon. Considering the characteristics of the clustering potential for Vayots Dzor region, we can say that the clustering potential in the region is at an average to high level, which implies that there are only two determinants of the competitiveness of cluster structures here: the factor conditions, which implies, first of all, the management of agriculture, tourism and the availability and growing demand for favorable climatic conditions for winemaking. The infrastructures necessary for the formation and operation of clusters are underdeveloped in the region, but they can be created with small investments, which can be confirmed by studying the internal and external conditions of the current operating cluster in the region.

Наукові підходи до розуміння концепту глобальної економічної безпеки

The purpose of this publication is to study scientific approaches to understanding the conception of global economic security. The analysis of current foreign and domestic sources made it possible to classify the scientific approaches of different authors regarding the essence and features of the conception of economic security: as a process of meeting needs; from the point of view of protecting the national interests of a particular country, business entities, individuals; as a state of the system-based object; as a condition for sustainable development; as features of the system elements; as a system for preventing harm; as a manifestation of an integrity of security measures; in terms of economic sustainability and sovereignty of a country; as an aggregate of conditions and factors; as a dynamic development of a system component. It is determined that the conception of global economic security covers a wide range of interrelated issues and elements, such as investment verification, instruments to counteract coercion, research integrity, and stability of supply chains. When focusing on supply chain stability, three main issues should be considered. It is found that the regimes of national economic security require a balance between defensive and offensive policies depending on the specific conditions of the country. The main factors in developing strategies are national security interests and competitive advantages in certain sectors of the trade. Transparency and information exchange between countries is the first step towards meaningful international cooperation on economic security issues. This is crucial to avoid creating protectionist economic weapons that countries can use against rivals. It is defined that in a rapidly changing world, the issue of global economic security becomes the most open and at the same time of responsibility in case of calling and responding to problems caused by various factors of society life as a subject of international economic relations, developing effective mechanisms for dealing with challenges in the sectoral economic parts of the institution of economy.

National Competitive Advantage Perspective of Global Aviation Hubs: The Middle East Big Three

National Competitive Advantage Perspective of Global Aviation Hubs: The Middle East Big Three

Improve the effectiveness of training Vietnamese human resources to meet the requirements of the industrial revolution 4.0

Currently, in the context of accelerating industrialization, modernization and international integration, especially when Vietnam is in the period of the industrial revolution 4.0 (Industry 4.0), the issue of human resources is considered a breakthrough stage, human resource development becomes the foundation for sustainable development and increases the national competitive advantage. With the advantage of being in the golden population period, Vietnam’s human resources today will not only have their own advantages but also have significant challenges in the 4.0 industrial revolution. It should be frankly acknowledged that the training of human resources in recent years has made clear changes, but it has not been as expected and has not met the requirements of the economy. Therefore, the inevitable problem in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 is improving the quality of human resource training. The article focuses on analyzing the current situation and solutions to enhance the quality of human resource training in Vietnam to meet the requirements of Industrial Revolution 4.0

Review on National Competitive Advantage for Marketing Potentials for Off-The Road (OTR) Tyre Industry in Sri Lanka

Among countless number of products manufactured around the world certain countries have developed highly competitive positions in the global market for certain products. This case study looks into the national competitive advantage of nations through the Porters diamond model and investigates how countries could develop leading position in a product facing the fierce global competition. Sri Lanka being the world’s largest solid tyre manufacturer, the country has great potential to develop in the much larger off the road tyre segment. A country being situated in a region where an industry cluster is strong has proven to give the country higher potential success in the particular industry. Further Asia’s newly industrialized countries starting from similar positions to Sri Lanka held competitive positions in the apparel industry. However, the economic development shifted their national competitive advantage to other more industrialized sectors including the tyre industry. Sri Lanka as a country featured with national advantages in rubber sector should look into shifting our national competitive advantage to other industries where tyre industry is a highly potential candidate. The review on the said content has been presented in this paper followed by a literature-based discussion as the main research instrument. Paper discusses the main concepts and related justifications on national competitive advantages by referring to accepted models and empirical review. It has concluded the main points whilst encouraging future research works to examine the ways and means to expand the marketing potential of Sri Lankan rubber industry.

HIGHER EDUCATION GLOBALIZATION: TO LIVE OR TO SURVIVE?

The higher education sphere is undergoing transformations, stimulated by globalization, that are mostly similar to economic and cultural ones, but with some delay (for 15-25 years), which is associated with the traditional conservatism and bureaucratization of the higher education. The paper assesses the prospects for the educational services globalization associated with the elimination of national competitive advantages, the formation of a global pyramid of educational institutions, the monopolization of the educational content distribution, and the main principles for modernizing the system of national higher education in the context of its globalization.

Measurement on the National Competitive Advantage Based on Two-Mode MRIO Network: Taking Asian, European and African Countries along the Belt and Road for Example

For the Belt and Road Initiative, “extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits” is the basic principle, and the competitiveness heterogeneity is an important condition for cooperation. Based on the complex network theory, this paper constructs a complex network model of global value chain (GVC) division of labor system by using the Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) table and reveals the variation trend of competitiveness of industrial sectors and economies on the GVC network by the National Competitive Advantage Index (NCAI). The results verify the effectiveness of BRI and help countries along the BRI route to explore their comparative advantages and cooperation prospects with other countries. The research also provides a direction and reference for China to better implement the Initiative.

Measuring the Competitive Advantage of Countries Along the Belt and Road From the Perspective of Complex Social Networks

For the Belt and Road Initiative, “extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits” is the basic principle, and the competitiveness heterogeneity is an important condition for cooperation. Based on the complex network theory, this paper constructs a complex network model of global value chain (GVC) division of labor system by using the Multi-Regional Input-output (MRIO) table, and reveals the variation trend of competitiveness of industrial sectors and economies on the GVC network by the National Competitive Advantage Index (NCAI). The results verify the effectiveness of BRI, and help countries along the B&R route to explore their comparative advantages and cooperation prospects with other countries. The research also provides a direction and reference for China to better implement the Initiative.

Measuring national intellectual capital and its effect on country’s competitiveness

PurposeNational intellectual capital is generally considered a strategic advantage for national competitiveness. However, the measurement of intellectual capital across countries for comparison purposes appears to receive little attention. This study aims to use a new index of national intellectual capital (INIC) to examine the relationship between national intellectual capital and national competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the INIC, developed by Vo and Tran (2021), to measure, compare and contrast differences in the level of national intellectual capital across 104 countries. INIC comprises the most crucial intellectual capital components: human capital, structural capital and relational capital. Various economic and social indicators are used as the proxies for these components of intellectual capital. Principal component analysis is used to derive INIC.FindingsThe results indicate that during the study period the level of national intellectual capital gradually increased. Europe has attained the highest level of national intellectual capital, whereas Africa has achieved the lowest level. This study’s findings confirm a close relationship between the national intellectual capital level and the national income level. Among the ten biggest countries, the USA achieved the highest national intellectual capital level, and China has significantly improved its cumulative level. Finland achieved the highest level of national intellectual capital in the world. National intellectual capital enhances a country’s competitiveness.Practical implicationsFindings in this study shed light on an international comparison of intellectual capital across countries and understanding how national intellectual capital contributes to and improves national competitiveness. Policymakers can consider and use these findings to support the accumulation of national intellectual capital and boost national competitive advantage, especially low-income countries and emerging markets.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to estimate a degree of national intellectual capital around the world and examine its impact on national competitiveness based on publicly available data.

기업가정신이 산업의 국제경쟁력에 미치는 영향 - 청암 박태준과 한국 철강산업 사례를 바탕으로 -

How did Korean steel industry gain a global competitiveness? It is because of T.J.Park’s great entrepreneurship. The essence of entrepreneurship is a innovation, because the firm and industry competitiveness is improved by innovative management. T.J.Park’s great entrepreneurship has enhanced the managerial conditions with implementing a sense of vocation to the employees and innovating the management and organization, the factor and related industries condition by bringing out those cooperations of Japan government and steel industry, demand condition through expanding the export markets. Those improvement of four competitive advantage conditions has enhanced the international competitiveness of Korean steel industry by shortening construction and normal operation duration. The great entrepreneurship has influenced a industry’s international competitiveness through improving four conditions of national competitive advantage.

From utilitarianism and neoclassical sport management to a new geopolitical economy of sport

ABSTRACT Research question In a fast-changing world, this study poses a simple question: is it time to start looking at sport in a different way? Thus far, utilitarian and neoclassical economic thinking has dominated sport management scholarship; however, here it is asked: should scholars now be thinking in terms of a new geopolitical economy of sport? Research methods This is a commentary paper based upon pieces of literature drawn from sport management, geography, politics and economics. Results and findings The submission contends that scholarly activity in sport needs to be reoriented towards a new perspective – the geopolitical economy of sport. Whilst not dismissing the relevance of existing utilitarian or neoclassical perspectives, it is argued in this study that how scholars conventionally view sport must change to maintain the relevance of their research and scholarship. Implications In addition to exploring the implications of conceiving sport as a geopolitical economy, the following five areas are identified in which there are significant implications (hence further research is needed): Sport as an outcome of geography; Sport as a focus for soft power, diplomacy and trade; Sport as a networked geopolitically economic activity; Sport as the basis for achieving national competitive advantage; Sport as a means of acquiring resources.

Bangladesh's Emergence as a Ready-Made Garment Export Leader: An Examination of the Competitive Advantages of the Garment Industry

Bangladesh is the second-largest ready-made garment (RMG) manufacturer and exporter in the world. The RMG industry of Bangladesh has become one of the fastest-growing industries globally since the 1990s and is the main source of its foreign earnings for the last three decades. To gain an in-depth understanding of the Bangladeshi RMG industry’s competitive advantages, a semi-structured qualitative interview approach was employed with 14 executives currently working in the Bangladeshi RMG industry. Porter’s (1990) diamond model of national competitive advantage was adopted as the study’s conceptual framework. Interpretation of the study data revealed four key competitive advantages for the Bangladeshi RMG industry: (a) price, (b) on-time delivery, (c) quality, and (d) product advantages. This study explores the RMG industry of Bangladesh and identifies the competitive advantages from the executive’s perspective, thereby adding value and originality to the academic literature.

Challenges of Enterprises Optimal Growth in Terms of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Challenges of Enterprises Optimal Growth in Terms of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Developing Tendencies of Foreign Direct Investments

The formation process of foreign direct investment theories began in the second half of the twentieth century, it was period that the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) in international capital movement increased, and this period was characterized by the rapid growth of multinational enterprises, which, in turn, is a major source of FDI. Scientific and technological progress has become the basis for decisions of transnational companies to invest capital in to different parts of the world and to coordinate and control its many branches from one country. During this period scientists actively began to develop theories and mathematical models of foreign direct investments, which meant studying the genesis of FDI, as well as analyzing their impact on the economy of both the host and the issuer countries. The analysis of foreign direct investment theories is closely related to the study of the activities of multinational corporations. Among them are some paradigms containing interesting discoveries that view the foreign direct investment as a contributing factor for the economic growth of the host country and its industrial development. In this article, the author consider the key theories and models of foreign direct investment: 1. The Product Life Cycle Theory, which is developed by Vernon; 2. Transnational companies and monopolistic computation theory, which is developed by Hymer; 3. Generalized theory of economic development, which is developed by Akamatsu; 4.The competitive advantage of nation’s theory, which is developed by Porter; 5.The eclectic paradigm and country's investment development theory, which is developed by Dunning; 6.Differential model of capital distribution between countries by Leontiev. The theories and models provide a basic range of motives of investors' behavior in the world market. It also makes it possible to analyze what impact foreign direct investment has on the economy of the recipient country and what forecast the recipient country's economy will have. Keywords: Globalization, Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth, Multinational Corporations, Analysis of Basic Theories and models;

Exploring Future Promising Technologies in Hydrogen Fuel Cell Transportation

The purpose of this research was to derive promising technologies for the transport of hydrogen fuel cells, thereby supporting the development of research and development policy and presenting directions for investment. We also provide researchers with information about technology that will lead the technology field in the future. Hydrogen energy, as the core of carbon neutral and green energy, is a major issue in changing the future industrial structure and national competitive advantage. In this study, we derived promising technology at the core of future hydrogen fuel cell transportation using the published US patent and paper databases (DB). We first performed text mining and data preprocessing and then discovered promising technologies through generative topographic mapping analysis. We analyzed both the patent DB and treatise DB in parallel and compared the results. As a result, two promising technologies were derived from the patent DB analysis, and five were derived from the paper DB analysis.