Competitive Advantage Index Research Articles

INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF THE TURKISH MINING SECTOR: A WORLDWIDE AND BRICS COUNTRIES COMPARISON

It is irrefutable that the mining sector, which has played an essential role in the development of civilizations throughout history and has been one of the vital elements of the Industrial Revolution, made outstanding contributions to shaping humanity in the last two centuries. The demand for mining assets, which have particular importance due to the inputs they provide to the manufacturing industry, is increasing day by day, and this increases their value even more. In addition to its high added value and employment creation capacity, the mining sector significantly contributes to the national economy as a unique sector that accelerates regional development. Due to the importance of the mining sector in the Turkish economy, its employment creation, and its export share, the competitive dynamics and performance persistence have received considerable scholarly attention. The study's main aim is to investigate the competitiveness of the Turkish and BRICS countries' mining industries in international markets. Accordingly, using the annual import and export data between 2017 and 2022, indices of the Disclosed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA), Relative Export Advantage Index (RXA), Relative Import Advantage Index (RMA), Relative Trade Advantage Index (RTA), Export Specialization Index (ES), Export Similarity Index (XS), Relative Competitive Advantage Index (RC) and Grubel-Lloyd Index (GLI) were calculated, and the sector competitiveness was evaluated. The results reveal a consistent low competitive advantage globally and specifically compared to BRICS countries. While there have been occasional improvements, Turkish mining sector faces disadvantages in exports, imports, and overall trade compared to both the world and BRICS countries.

Effects of Different Degrees of Xanthium spinosum Invasion on the Invasibility of Plant Communities in the Yili Grassland of Northwest China.

Studying the effects of different degrees of exotic plant invasion on native plants' community structure and plant diversity is essential for evaluating the harm caused to ecosystems by plant invasion. In this study, we investigated the effects of Xanthium spinosum, a widespread invasive species, on plant community species diversity and community stability in the Ili River Valley area of Xinjiang, China, under three invasion levels (no invasion and low, moderate, and heavy invasion), and the competitive advantage index, invasion intensity, and contribution of plant community species diversity to community stability and invasibility were determined for the prickly fungus under different degrees of invasion. The results show that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the species diversity and community stability of plant communities caused by different degrees of invasion of X. spinosum. The species diversity and stability of plant communities were negatively correlated with the community invasibility, competitive advantage, and invasion intensity of X. spinosum (p < 0.05); therefore, the competitive advantage and invasion intensity of X. spinosum increase with the increase of its invasion degree. On the contrary, community species diversity and stability decreased with the increase of its invasion degree, ultimately leading to differences in community invasibility under different invasion degrees. The Shannon-Wiener and Simpson's indices were the greatest contributors to community stability and invasibility, respectively. Moderate and heavy levels of invasion by X. spinosum reduced the diversity and stability of local plant communities, increased the invasibility of communities, and substantially affected the structures of plant communities. Therefore, the continued invasion by X. spinosum will have an immeasurable impact on the fragile ecosystems and diversity of indigenous species in Xinjiang. We recommend that this invasive species be controlled and eradicated at the early stages of invasion to prevent further harm.

Analisis Daya Saing Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Indonesia Di Pasar Internasional`

This study aims to evaluate Indonesia's competitiveness and assess the dynamics of Indonesia's CPO performance in the international market. Comparative CPO in Indonesia is carried out using the "Revealed Comparative Advantage" (RCA) technique, while the "Constant Market Share" (CMS) method is used to understand the dynamics of Indonesia's export performance. The results showed that Indonesia's CPO has a relative competitive advantage index (RCA) value of 4, indicating that Indonesia has a strong competitive advantage and an RCA greater than 1. According to CMS data, Indonesian CPO is not limited to one country's market and has a higher standard growth rate than the world's CPO exports, also has a positive impact on market distribution and product composition.

Using the DTFM Method to Analyse the Degradation Process of Bilateral Trade Relations between China and Australia

Quantitative assessment and visual analysis of the multidimensional features of international bilateral product trade are crucial for global trade research. However, current methods face poor salience and expression issues when analysing the characteristics of China—Australia bilateral trade from 1998 to 2019. To address this, we propose a new perspective that involves period division, feature extraction, construction of product space, and spatiotemporal analysis by selecting the display competitive advantage index using the digital trade feature map (DTFM) method. Our results reveal that the distribution of product importance in China—Australia bilateral trade is heavy-tailed, and that the number of essential products has decreased by 68% over time. The proportion of products in which China dominates increased from 71% to 77%. Furthermore, Australia consistently maintains dominance in the most crucial development in trade, and the supremacy of the head product is becoming stronger. Based on these findings, the stability of bilateral trade between Australia and China is declining, and the pattern of polarisation in the importance of traded products is worsening. This paper proposes a novel method for studying Sino—Australian trade support. The analytical approach presented can be extended to analyse the features of bilateral trade between other countries.

Some Economic Aspects of Egyptian Foreign Agricultural Trade of Grape Crop

The grape crop is considered one of the main fruit crops in Egypt, which is grown for local production and export. Its fruitful area amounted to about 133.81 thousand feddan (Feddan = 0.42 hectare), representing about 9.28% of the total fruitful area of ​​​​about 1.44 million feddan, and the production reached about 1.30 million tons, which represents about 11.22% of the total fruit production amounting to about 11.59 million tons, and Egypt produces the equivalent of 6.49% of the total world production of grapes, and the value of Egypt’s grape exports amounted to about $ 131.07 million, which represents about 2.91% of the value of global production of grapes, which is about $ 10894.6 million in 2020. The research aims to identify the current production situation of the Egyptian grape crop, as well as to identify the current situation of exports of the Egyptian grape crop, in addition to measuring the export performance indicators of it, and to identify the importance of this crop as one of the productive and export crops, in addition to the possibility of developing or increasing exports. The research relied on the two methods of descriptive and quantitative analysis, using some indicators (market share, apparent comparative advantage, instability coefficient, market penetration coefficient), we find that the competitive advantage index has exceeded the one during the period (2000-2020), Which indicates the importance of this export crop. It was found from the results: that the annual growth rate in each of the total production and consumption, the quantity and price of export, and the value of exports of the Egyptian grape crop reached about 1.90%, 1.50%, 15.70%, 10.06%, and 20.30%, respectively during the period (2000-2020), and by studying the export performance indicators of the Egyptian grape crop using the competitive advantage index, we find that it has exceeded the one during the previous period, which indicates the importance of this crop as an important export crop. These countries are (Italy, South Africa, Turkey, Spain, Greece, Syria, Lebanon, Morocco, Israel, Tunisia) with rates of about (36.35%, 21.41%, 20.41%, 9.96%, 5.63%, 2.81%, 1.68%, 0.97%, 0.63% and 0.09%), respectively, during the same previous period. And by studying the most important world markets of the Egyptian grape exports were Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, Saudi Arabia, and other countries which amounting to about 15.02%, 11.77%, 3.64%, 1.90%, 41.16% respectively, during the same previous period. and by studying the market penetration coefficient for Egyptian grape exports during the average period (2000-2020), it was found that the most important of these countries are Netherlands, Belgium, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, Germany with rates of about 0.47%, 0.43%, 0.42%, 0.40%, 0.37%, meaning that each country obtains the previous percentage of its needs from the Egyptian grape crop, respectively, during the average of the previous period, and it is clear that the market penetration rate of the Dutch market has increased as an average for the previous period. And by studying the instability coefficient for the quantity of production, the quantity of exports, and the price and value of exports of the Egyptian grape crop, we find that the quantity of production and the quantity of exports were more stable than the price, while the value was the most volatile during the same previous period. By studying the market share of Egyptian grape exports to the most important importing countries (United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Saudi Arabia), it is clear that these percentages decreased during the study period between Egypt and those countries, as they reached about (5.94%, 1.69%, 3.23%, 3%, 2.07% and 2.75%, respectively, during the study period. In light of reviewing the various results of the study, a set of recommendations can be put forward that may benefit the makers of agricultural policy and internal or external marketing of Egyptian grapes to increase its production and exports to various global markets.

Time for upgrades? In time for consumers and competition

An upward line extension is a new, improved product within an existing product category for the high-end market. Many manufacturers pursue line-extension strategies, but they carry risks due to uncertain consumer taste, the internal competition between products, and the external competition between firms. We use game theory to answer when a firm should allocate production capacity for an upward line extension under competition and consumer taste uncertainty. The firm can either act early when taste is still uncertain to benefit from the first-mover advantage or wait until consumer taste realizes. We measure consumer taste risk by the correlation between the average consumer taste and the density of consumer taste, with a strong correlation meaning a considerable risk exposure, foreshadowing a more likely hit-or-miss result for the new product. The firm’s competitive advantage is based on both firms’ expected marginal revenues of capacity allocation, considering the internal and external competition. We show how the competitive advantage will amplify exponentially in the face of consumer taste uncertainty and characterize the firm’s decision policy by deriving a threshold for the risk index against the competitive advantage index. When the threshold is exceeded, it implies that the firm’s competitive advantage is not significant enough, so it should postpone allocating capacity. Otherwise, it should act early. We apply our results to two industry examples and provide practical guidelines to manufacturers for determining the right capacity timing for an upward line extension.

Measurement on the National Competitive Advantage Based on Two-Mode MRIO Network: Taking Asian, European and African Countries along the Belt and Road for Example

For the Belt and Road Initiative, “extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits” is the basic principle, and the competitiveness heterogeneity is an important condition for cooperation. Based on the complex network theory, this paper constructs a complex network model of global value chain (GVC) division of labor system by using the Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) table and reveals the variation trend of competitiveness of industrial sectors and economies on the GVC network by the National Competitive Advantage Index (NCAI). The results verify the effectiveness of BRI and help countries along the BRI route to explore their comparative advantages and cooperation prospects with other countries. The research also provides a direction and reference for China to better implement the Initiative.

Measuring the Competitive Advantage of Countries Along the Belt and Road From the Perspective of Complex Social Networks

For the Belt and Road Initiative, “extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits” is the basic principle, and the competitiveness heterogeneity is an important condition for cooperation. Based on the complex network theory, this paper constructs a complex network model of global value chain (GVC) division of labor system by using the Multi-Regional Input-output (MRIO) table, and reveals the variation trend of competitiveness of industrial sectors and economies on the GVC network by the National Competitive Advantage Index (NCAI). The results verify the effectiveness of BRI, and help countries along the B&amp;amp;R route to explore their comparative advantages and cooperation prospects with other countries. The research also provides a direction and reference for China to better implement the Initiative.

Vietnam Rice Competitiveness in the International Trade Market in Recent Years, Opportunities and New Challenges for Vietnam Rice Export

Vietnam is a top agricultural nation. Agriculture makes up 24% of GDP, 20% of exports, and 70% of employment. The agricultural industry is vital to the country’s economy, especially rice farming, which accounts for 30% of the total output. Currently, rice is the main food consumed by most Vietnamese citizens. Millions of tiny farmers make their living producing rice. In the area of rice, Vietnam is regarded as a nation with a very strong comparative advantage. Vietnam used to have a comparative advantage over other major rice exporters like India, Thailand, and Pakistan. However, in recent years, this advantage has decreased and is now less favorable than in other nations. This is also regarded as a warning for the country’s rice industry, which faces numerous difficulties and obstacles due to the process of integrating the world and the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to figuring out opportunities and new challenges in Vietnam’s rice export, by using the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA), this study will analyze the international competitiveness of Vietnam’s rice exports and assist the country in locating alternative rice export markets. The research will also make some recommendations on how to boost exports of the country’s rice while maintaining or even enhancing its international competitiveness. Additionally, this article will use the Export Competitive Advantage index (XCA) as a complement to the RCA index’s bias.

Razvojni trendovi tekstilne industrije Republike Srbije u lavirintima neoliberalnog modela rasta

The textile industry of the Republic of Serbia, for a long time, has been one of the key drivers of economic growth, the mainstay of exports, demographic change and the bearers of social policy. However, in the period from 2000 to 2008, that is, in the period of application of the neoliberal model of growth, it was treated by the creators of economic policy as a relic of the past and the socialist model of growth and continuously recorded negative production results. In accordance with the above, the main goal of the research in this paper is to analyze the key macroeconomic indicators to consider the development trends of this industry in this period. The analysis used the method of induction, while the analysis of competitiveness of the textile industry of Serbia used the following indicators: market share analysis and RCA index (revealed competitive advantage index). The results of the research clearly indicate the disastrous consequences of the application: first, shock therapy in the liberalization of trade flows, second, the wrong model of privatization and third, inadequate economic policy measures, but also the fact that the textile industry has maintained a significant share in exports Republic of Serbia.

Combined soft measurement on key indicator parameters of new competitive advantages for China's export

The estimation of the difference between the new competitive advantages of China's export and the world’s trading powers have been the key measurement problems in China-related studies. In this work, a comprehensive evaluation index system for new export competitive advantages is developed, a soft-sensing model for China’s new export competitive advantages based on the fuzzy entropy weight analytic hierarchy process is established, and the soft-sensing values of key indexes are derived. The obtained evaluation values of the main measurement index are used as the input variable of the fuzzy least squares support vector machine, and a soft-sensing model of the key index parameters of the new export competitive advantages of China based on the combined soft-sensing model of the fuzzy least squares support vector machine is established. The soft-sensing results of the new export competitive advantage index of China show that the soft measurement model developed herein is of high precision compared with other models, and the technical and brand competitiveness indicators of export products have more significant contributions to the new competitive advantages of China's export, while the service competitiveness indicator of export products has the least contribution to new competitive advantages of China's export.

القدرة التنافسية للفراولة المصرية فى السوق العالمى

The research targeted the competitive-ness of strawberry crop exports, the geo-graphical distribution of strawberry exports to determine the most important imported markets, and the competitiveness of Egyptian strawberry exports in the most important foreign markets. About 85.7% of the average amount of Egyptian straw-berry exports during the period (2014-2019) the most important of these coun-tries are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Belgium, Germany and Iraq, where their market is absorbed 19.64, 7, 6.8, 6.2, 4.5, 1,000 tons, and about 27%, 9.6%, 9.4%, 9.1%, 6.3%, from the average total amount of Egyptian exports of strawberries during the study period is about 41.08 thousand tons. This means that Egypt's strawberry exports Have not enjoy a competitive advantage in the global markets, where the value of the competitive advantage index was about 6.82 million during the first period (2001-2009),and 6.83 during the second period (2010-2019).The market share index showed that the market of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Belgium Ranking the top of the list of Egyptian strawberry importers, with a market share of about 58.6%, 39.2% and 9.9% of the average total strawberry imports in those countries. The study found that Egyptian strawberries a competitive price advantage in both the Saudi market, the Belgian market and the German market compared to the most important countries competing for Egyptian strawberry exports within these Markets, the competitive advantage index of Egyptian strawberries achieved high rates in these markets compared to competing countries, explained the insta-bility factor of competition compared to the instability factor of the amount of strawberries exported to Egypt is that the average Netherlands, Spain, Italy and America are more stable, with the average instability rate in the Netherlands, Spain, Italy and America. 15.8%, 44.7%, 5.4%, 12%, show standard efficient imaging that its value was greater than zero in all years during the study period (2001-2009), the average value of about 10.2%.

Analysis of Chinese Agricultural Product Trade

This paper clarifies the status of Chinese agricultural product trade through the calculation of Chinese agricultural product trade competitive advantage index for a total of 21 years from 1999 to 2019.

Measuring the International Trade Competitiveness of China's Aquatic Products from 2008–18

Tan, L.; Wu, C., and Qu, Y., 2020. Measuring the international trade competitiveness of China's aquatic products from 2008–18. In: Gong, D.; Zhang, M., and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 157–160. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Since the 1990s, China's trade in aquatic products has accelerated, with an average annual growth rate of more than 20%. Although China is the biggest exporter and the third largest importer of aquatic products in the world, increasing aquaculture costs, falling market demand, and rising international trade barriers pose great challenges to the sustainable development of trade in China's aquatic products, especially after the financial crisis of 2008. This paper analyzes the international trade competitiveness of China's aquatic products from 2008 to 2018 through three indicators: the international market share index, the trade competitive advantage index, and the revealed comparative advantage index. It shows that China's export of aquatic products has been growing gradually since 2008, and its market share reached 15% in 2018. Compared with other important aquatic exporting countries, China's competitive advantage in aquatic products exports is only moderate. In the long run, to improve its competitive position in the world market, China must unswervingly pursue a high-quality development strategy to improve the supply capacity of high-quality and safe aquatic products.

Trwałość przewagi konkurencyjnej w sektorze fonograficznym w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej

Sektor fonograficzny jest przykładem sektora oferującego dobra kulturalne. Podlega on ciągłej zmianie, związanej m.in. z przekształceniami wewnątrzstrukturalnymi, zachodzącymi w wyniku fuzji i przejęć, ze zmieniającą się liczbą nośników dźwięku i ich znaczeniem dla odbiorców, skutkującym malejącymi przychodami sektora w pierwszej dekadzie XXI wieku. Od kilku lat jest obserwowane odwrócenie tego trendu, wynikające z rosnącej sprzedaży muzyki w formie cyfrowej. Przedmiotem opracowania jest konkurencyjność produktów sektora fonograficznego. Celem opracowania jest przeprowadzenie analizy zmian trwałości pozycji konkurencyjnej fonogramów w układzie czasowym oraz w odniesieniu do fonogramów oferowanych na wybranych czterech rynkach: polskim, czeskim, słowackim oraz węgierskim, a więc krajów tworzących Grupę Wyszehradzką (Grupę V4) – grupę połączoną więziami gospodarczymi i politycznymi. Na podstawie analizy wartości wskaźnika trwałości przewagi konkurencyjnej fonogramu, jakim jest okres utrzymania dominującej pozycji na rynku, została podjęta próba weryfikacji tezy, zgodnie z którą okresy trwałości przewagi konkurencyjnej ulegają obecnie skracaniu. W opracowaniu zastosowano analizę danych rynkowych oraz miary statystyki opisowej. Zauważono, że w ramach Grupy V4 nie można mówić o jednolitym kierunku zmian trwałości przewagi konkurencyjnej fonogramów. Na rynku czeskim powyższa teza nie znajduje potwierdzenia. Różnice między rynkiem polskim i węgierskim dotyczą trwałości pozycji konkurencyjnej fonogramów reprezentujących różne gatunki muzyczne. Rekomendacje obejmują potencjalne kierunki zmian oraz wynikające z nich działania, które mogą zostać podjęte przez graczy sektora.

Dairy sector compettiveness indicators in Mexico, after NAFTA

The main objective in this research was to calculate the competitiveness indices to the dairy sector in Mexico after NAFTA: commercial opening index, food selfsufficiency, Balassa Index, Vollrath Index, additive revealed competitive advantage index, and export-import index in a period from 1994 to 2017. The results show that the commercial opening for the whole milk is only 30 %. The self sufficiency of México in whole milk is less than 1%. The Balassa index shows that only 0.08 % of the whole milk exports in the world come from México. The Vollrath index shows that Mexico does not have commercial competitiveness in whole milk. Mexico´s index of revealed additive competitiveness is of 21%. Last, the imports and exports index is less than 0.5%. Mexico´s growing of milk production is not enough to satisfy the industry in the country and to reinforce has to import. Concluding that, after Nafta during more than twenty years Mexico is still whole milk import dependent from United States of America. It is recommended to make associations of dairy productive chains in the country and to explore new markets not only USA.

Zastosowanie miernika przewag konkurencyjnych J. Kaya do określania pozycji konkurencyjnej grup i organizacji producentów owoców i warzyw = Application of J. Kay’s competitive advantage index to determine the competitive position of fruit and vegetable producer groups and organizations

In order to identify the competitive position of the Kujawsko-pomorskie fruit and vegetable producer groups and organizations in relation to each other and deliberately selected representatives from voivodeships leading in the process of integrating this sector, an analytical scheme proposed by J. Kay was used, allowing for quantification of the competitive advantage in terms of results. The article presents the outcome of the research, which covered all groups and producer organizations as of the end of 2014 from the Kujawsko-pomorskie Voivodeship and one integrated representative with apples in his offer, from the Mazowieckie, Wielkopolskie and Lubelskie Voivodeships. In order to obtain the financial data published in the National Court Register, Info Veriti calculated a competitive advantage meter according to J. Kay. Additionally, by means of logistic regression, the equation for the probability of obtaining a positive competitive advantage index was established. The results of the research indicate that only 38% of the surveyed organizations achieved a positive value of the measure, which proves that group activities do not guarantee achieving a competitive advantage. Logistic regression evidenced that increasing the accomplishing a positive competitive advantage index results in obtaining certificates confirming the quality and safety of products introduced to the market as well as investments increasing fixed assets. On the other hand, a decrease in the chance may result in the growing number of members.

Analyzing the Competitiveness of the Greek Sea Bream Exports in the European Union Market

This study investigates the evolution of the competitiveness level of the Greek sea bream exports in the EU-27, by implementing the Revealed Export Competitive advantage index. In particular, the major importing and exporting countries of gilthead sea bream were identified. Results reveal that the main importing markets of the Greek sea bream are Italy, France, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom and Germany. Also, an important emerging market is Romania. While, competing countries are Spain, Turkey, France, Italy, Malta and Croatia. However, the level of competition, among the exporting countries, is continuously changing, indicating a high competitive market environment. Thus, policy and marketing strategies should be cautiously designed, in order to fulfill the rapid changes at this demanded market.

El mercado mundial de vino y la competitividad de los países del hemisferio sur, 1961-2010.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;El mercado mundial del vino ha sufrido cambios intensos en las últimas décadas tras un fuerte incremento de la competitividad de los países exportadores del hemisferio sur. Su dinamismo y el aumento de la demanda de los nuevos países consumidores han acelerado el proceso de globalización del vino. En este contexto, analizamos la competencia mundial y los principales cambios en el comercio global de vinos desde 1961 hasta 2010. El artículo muestra la distribución relativa de las exportaciones en el Viejo y el Nuevo Mundo y examina la ventaja comparativa del comercio exterior a través del índice de ventaja comparativa revelada (VCR). Concluye mostrando la creciente competitividad del hemisferio sur en el mercado global, principalmente de Chile, desde la década de 1990, y de Argentina en la última década.&lt;/p&gt;

Identification of Competitive Advantage in the Agricultural Sector of Iran based on the Index of the Stable Share of the Market

The goal of this study is to identify the potential export capacity of Iran based on the competitive advantage in the agricultural sector. Moreover, the potential export capacity of selected agricultural products (wheat, lentil, potato, onion, soybean, cotton, peas, and corn) has been studied using the competitive advantage index. The findings of the study show that, considering the separation effect and the net effects of the stable market share index as the competitive advantage index, this index has been negative for the major agricultural products of Iran. Moreover, this index has had a downward trend in recent years, which shows the decrease in competitive advantage. However, although Iran has to some extent lost its competitive advantage, it still has competitive advantage in most of its agricultural products.