Competent Members Research Articles

Only time will tell: How teams centralize their voice around competent members over time to perform better

SummaryWe posit that time significantly impacts how voice—members' expression of work‐related ideas—becomes unequally distributed within teams. Building upon insights from expectation states theory (EST), we propose that over time, voice becomes more centralized in teams, especially around members who are more competent than others. Moreover, we argue that teams whose members are higher in conscientiousness or openness to experience are better able to place more competent members in central speaking roles early on as well as progressively replace less competent members with more competent ones in those roles. Finally, we predict that, in comparison to teams that have egalitarian voice distributions, those that end up with more centralized voice distributions perform better when they give their most competent members more dominant speaking roles and perform worse when they do not. We found general support for these arguments in a study using four waves of data collected over time from 175 student project teams. Thus, we highlight how voice centralization does not always have negative consequences for teams but can benefit teams in certain circumstances. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory and practice.

9.X.2. Activating the ASPHER-WHO Public Health Core Curriculum: Interprofessional Skills

Abstract The updated ASPHER-WHO Public Health Core Curriculum builds on ASPHER’s previous work on Competencies for Public Health Professionals (2006-2020), reflects the changing needs of our population and planet and public health professionals. The key objectives of this workshop are to: - Share the updated ASPHER core curriculum for public health; - Illustrate examples of public health challenges that young professionals have championed for inclusion; - Share the Faculty of Public Health (UK)’s work on Fair training as a case study on operationalising public health leadership on equality, diversity and inclusion and demonstrating the core competencies in action. A curricular content survey of member schools and programmes yielded responses from 60 schools, with > 500 submissions of detailed. subject curricula. These have been compiled into 36 Subject Areas in four Domains, namely: (1) Core Subject Areas in Public Health: (2) Subject-specific Areas in Public Health;(3) Core Cross-curricular Subject Areas; and (4) Core Interdisciplinary Professional Skills in PH. The development process was guided and grounded by the expertise and passion of young public health professionals. They are helping us make the core curriculum fit for purpose for the near future and provide them with the skills required to be a competent member of a supportive public health team in an ever changing world. This Workshop will profile selected Subject Areas from each Domain using real life challenges facing WHO European Region to show how the core curriculum integrates research, theory and practice to help build those essential interdisciplinary skills. The examples will focus on Economics in Public Health (Domain 1); Public Health and Criminal Justice; (Domain 2); Health Literacy and Infodemiology, Mental Health and Wellbeing (Domain 3); and Integrative Learning in Action; Communication Skills; Advocacy, Negotiation; Collaborations and Partnerships; and Leadership, Management and Implementation Science (Domain 4). Discussions for each of the Subject Areas will be led by an expert in the area. We will also illustrate an example of these competencies in action, how they are helping shine a light on the challenges we face in creating that supportive team and environment and how the potential for collaboration helps us to capitalise on the expertise available in some schools and programmes for the benefit of all. Key messages • Learning interdisciplinary skills are essential for effective public health analysis, advocacy and action. • Collaboration across countries, schools, professions and generations can create transformational change. Speakers/Panelists Mary Codd University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Karl F Conyard University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Jenny Houston University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Samia Latif Faculty of Public Health, London, UK Olalekan Popoola ASPHER, UCD, Dublin, Ireland

The Effect Of Audit Committee And Capital Structure On Financial Performance In Energy Sector Companies Listed On The Indonesia Stock Exchange

The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence regarding the influence of independent variables consisting of audit committee size, audit committee independence, audit committee financial expertise and capital structure on financial performance. The companies used in this study are energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018-2023. The number of research samples was 17 companies with a total of 102 data that met the criteria using the purposive sampling method. The results of the study obtained are that the size of the audit committee and capital structure have a positive significant effect on financial performance. Meanwhile, the variables of the independence of the audit committee and the financial expertise of the audit committee have no effect on financial performance. This study builds on previous research by adding capital structure variables as independent variables. The implication of this research that has been carried out is to provide direction for financial managers in terms of selecting competent audit committee members and paying attention to the management of the capital structure in order to achieve the company's goals. For investors, it is best to choose a company that has an effective audit committee and a balanced capital structure.

An ICT-enabled community oriented primary care intervention in mining communities during COVID-19 (2019–2022): perceived changes in the role and place of community health workers

BackgroundThis is a study of service provider perceptions of the place, role and practices of CHWs in a four-year, large-scale private sector funded, public service ICT-enabled COPC intervention with rural and remote mining communities. Like all South African communities, apart from large mining house employees and some contractors, most people use available public healthcare services and private traditional as well as limited allopathic private sector providers. In addition to the limitations of facility centred primary healthcare and a fragmented health care system, the many negative health effects of mining on the communities, go unattended.MethodsThis is a rapid, qualitative pragmatic study. Using site and participation convenience sampling, 37 semi-structured individual or group interviews were conducted with 57 stakeholders from 38 of the 135 intervention PHC facilities. Using a data driven, inductive approach, the results were analysed thematically in terms of perceived changes in the role and place of CHWs.ResultsCHWs registered 42 490 households and captured the demographic and social profiles as well as the health status of over 154 910 individuals using AitaHealth™. These data provided healthcare professionals and managers with knowledge about community demographics, at-risk groups and vulnerable individuals. The intervention changed the locational focus of CHW practice and expanded their scope of work and competencies in household comprehensive health education, advice and care. It led to a growth in community and professional confidence in CHWs as trusted members of mining community PHC teams and to more focused and efficient clinic work.ConclusionThis ICT-enabled COPC intervention adopted a comprehensive approach to healthcare delivery that started by including CHWs in PHC teams and locating them in communities. Inclusive and systematic continuous learning, clinically-led CHW service support and ICT-enabled information technology engendered trust in CHWs as competent PHC members, and grew community confidence in them and the PHC system as a whole. Although health, care and other professionals and workers valued the changes the intervention brought to their work as well as people’s lives in underserved and vulnerable mining communities, its sustainability is contingent on the vagaries of political will and financial commitment.

Insight into The Status of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Training in Nepal

Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery is at a developing stage in Nepal. In Nepal, training of CTV surgeons started in the beginning of the 21st century. Nevertheless, there is already a decrease in trainee’s interest in this specialization leading CTVS training to a gasping state at its very neonatal age. Globally, training of medical professionals, in particular CTV surgeons, has been under continuous evolution since its inception. Analogously, in Nepal, the duration of the CTVS training and academic curriculum needs upgrading to meet international standards. Introduction of new concepts, learning advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques is important for CTV surgeons in Nepal, to become a competent member of the multidisciplinary Heart Team.

Claiming and attributing (dis)taste: Issues of sharing a meal as a competent member

Eating together is a primordial social activity with robust normative expectations. This study examines a series of instances where appreciative elements about the food during a shared meal are treated as noticeably absent and where some of the participants are attributed to exhibit a negative stance towards the food, which furthermore is used as a resource for engaging in membership categorization.Situated within the cognate approaches of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, this study draws on video recordings of an integrated language and cooking workshop organized for immigrants in the French speaking part of Switzerland. The participants include a French teacher, two chefs and five immigrant women with various native languages. The detailed sequential, multimodal analysis details and explains how the participants treat gustatory features of eating as publicly available and accountable, and how the absence of evaluative elements contribute to the situated achievement of a plural “you” as a group that does not like “this” food. Ascribing (dis)taste for food on behalf of others, occasions accounts for just how to eat, showing the strong normative features that make up to the recognizability of sharing a meal as a competent member – including how sensorial experiences are evaluated and expressed. In this way, this study contributes to our understanding of the (non)ordinary features of eating together as a situated, embodied achievement and social institution that is built in and through interaction.

Exploration of Education for the Development of Party Members among Ethnic Minority Students in Universities

It is of great significance to lay a solid foundation for the ideology of the Chinese nation community and strengthen the organizational training and development of minority students in mainland Chinese universities. Based on the cognitive thinking characteristics and cultural acceptance level of minority students, a research method combining questionnaire surveys and individual interviews was used to investi- gate the development of party members among minority students in a university in Guangdong Province. The research results reflect some objective problems: minority students have a strong will-ingness to join the party but the application rate is low, participation in party training courses is serious but the effectiveness is not satisfactory, and there is a lack of targeted training and inspection for minority student party activists. Therefore, it is necessary to further optimize the education model for minority students, improve the party member training mechanism, and cultivate more polit- ically and ideologically qualified, and professionally competent minority student party members for the further development of socialist construction and national unity and progress.

DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR OPERATING REFRIGERATION MACHINERY ON FISHING VESSELS

Refrigeration machines in fishery companies are widely used to maintain the quality of seafood products to keep them fresh. These machines are quite complex, so operating them correctly is crucial, as fatal operational errors can lead to the damage of the refrigeration equipment. The absence of written SOPs has the potential for non-standardized operations. Therefore, this article aims to develop Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for operating refrigeration machines on fishing vessels. To achieve this goal, data from the refrigeration system is used, and competent machine crew members are involved to obtain valid data. The data obtained is analyzed using a quantitative descriptive method. A proposed design of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) with a cross-functional flow chart diagram has been produced as a guideline for operating refrigeration machines on fishing vessels. Based on the analysis, this SOP Draft has met the eligibility criteria for use. The SOP this machinery are highly significant in assisting the machine crew in ensuring that the machines are operated in a controlled manner following the correct procedures.

대학의 비교과교육과정 개발⋅운영 모형 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to help universities systemically develop and operate extracurricular curriculum that can reflect their own characteristics, through research on a development and management model for extracurricular curriculum activities. Methods The steps of research were progressed with three stages: research planning, literature review and the model development. Based on the Taba’s(1962) curriculum development model, the research planning stage planned the extracurricular curriculum development and operation model of the university. The literature research stage collected and analyzed the extracurricular, extracurricular activities, extracurricular curriculum which were related to the pilot study, curriculum development model, model research, curriculum development the research paper and also were related to the books and research papers. The model development stage based on the curriculum model and the curriculum development model which are the foundation of curriculum brought out the implication and the model was confirmed after a feasibility study by a expert of curriculum. Results The management and development model for extracurricular curriculums consists of four stages: 1. Drafting a proposal and planning of university extracurricular curriculums; 2. crafting detailed plans for each extracurricular curriculum activity; 3. executing and operating the extracurricular curriculum activities; and 4. evaluating and assessing university extracurricular curriculums. Each stage is comprised of five different sub-categories, such as ① subject, ② period, ③ foundation, ④ method, and ⑤ model. Conclusions The reason for the establishment and operation of the extracurricular curriculum is to instill students with the university’s core values and help them become competent members of society and the university. Therefore, the university extracurricular curriculum must be developed and operated according to the stages and procedures as in the required and elective curriculum.

Exploring the changing modes of learning and teaching in campus-based curricula during and post- Covid-19

The rise in technology-rich learning environments is reflective of a global trend in higher education (HE), recently accelerated because of necessary digital teaching and assessment practices embraced during the Covid-19 pandemic. This qualitative study facilitated through focus groups and an interview explores the teaching and learning experiences of tertiary level students in the Covid-19 era. Data from 24 students based within a UK Higher Education Institution highlights how an expanded digital environment can optimise conditions for some students to independently practise and apply what they are learning at their own pace. Digitally enhanced opportunities to interact with teaching staff and learning resources also increased the options for these students to experience themselves as competent members of the HE community. This was particularly relevant for first-year students new to the processes and practices of tertiary education. In contrast, third year students with more experience of HE appeared less reliant on the provision of online learning resources. Participants also identified some potential problems associated with the enhanced flexibility of online teaching and learning resources in relation to students’ ability to be self-regulated. This paper rationalises the need for educators and educational and learning developers who teach and undertake scholarship in teaching and learning to consider the sociocultural context of the student and their learning environment when designing teaching activities and curricula. The data presented here highlight the need for a clearly defined framework to underpin the integration of digital technologies with on-campus activities.

Roles and competencies of medical faculty members: A competency framework

Purpose Medical education requires competent faculty members with the ability to create change in medical education. The focus on teacher competency are emerged as the results of medical education movements toward learner competency. The purpose of this study was to identify medical faculties competencies in their main roles and to provide a competency framework. Method The integrative review approach was utilized for identifying competencies and expert opinions was conducted to assigned competencies to roles and academic ranks. The search strategies were conducted in online databases including PubMed, Scopus, WOS and Eric to detect studies published from May 2003 to May 2023. Results The identified competencies were classified to four themes including (1) essential personal competencies, (2) technical/functional competencies, (3) enabling competencies, and (4) meta-competencies. Conclusion According to the results, a competency framework was proposed which is a valuable tool for various important decisions related to faculty, such as promotions and tenurship.

The sanctity of decoding: Reframing Hebrew literacy in the United States and Europe

Aims and Objectives: This article explores the challenges Jewish children face in educational programs teaching about Judaism and Jewish culture located in the United States and Europe. Students learn to decode Hebrew but not to read for comprehension, which conflicts with other types of literacy learning they encounter throughout their education in school and at home. Methodology: The study is based on long-term participant observation at two religious education programs, one in the United States and one in Luxembourg. Data and Analysis: A language socialization lens was applied to coded fieldnotes to bring findings into conversation with each other. Findings: Following initial frustrations stemming from a mismatch between American and European schooled literacy expectations and Hebrew decoding, students came to understand Hebrew as a distinctive sacred language. This allowed them to reconceptualize decoding as a successful and meaningful form of literacy and to see themselves as competent Hebrew users and members of a broader Jewish community. Originality: Existing studies primarily focus on sacred languages and literacies oriented around supporting connections with the divine. This study contributes to the existing body of work by illustrating religious literacy education aimed at cultivating communal and religious identification. Implications: This study provides evidence that decoding of sacred texts without comprehension of lexico-semantic content can be a meaningful form of literacy that enables religious members to affirm and do community without explicit reference to divine relations. It argues for a distinctive form of bilingualism in which the sacred language and talk about it work together to create meaningful religious learning.

Discovering and developing the vocational teacher identity

PurposeThis study explores the role of previous occupational identity in the formation of the (new) teacher identity of vocational teachers. The focus is on how vocational teachers discover their teaching identity, how they describe the connection between their previous occupation and teacher identity and how they describe a competent member of the teaching community.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical approach is inspired by Communities of Practice (CoP) theory. More specifically, the realignment between socially demanded competence in the profession and personal experience as well as identification with the teaching community are discussed. The research material comes from 14 interviews with vocational teachers in different disciplines.FindingsFindings indicate first that the process of professional identity (trans)formation was initiated by finding one's teaching self when the individuals became aware of their interest in teaching by discovering that they had already achieved some sort of teaching-related competence. Second, individuals had been connecting their professional identities – finding common competence between their previous occupation and the teaching role. Third, vocational teachers experienced legitimising their competence and their new identity with reference to what their new CoP instructed as important competence (regime of competence).Originality/valueWhile teachers' vocational competence is not scrutinised, their teaching competence needs to be constantly proved. This imbalance often leads to teachers returning to an aspect of their identity that is well established – their vocational competence. Looking back to their occupational competences constitutes a realignment backwards, when teachers attempt to serve their new professional goal by drawing on old competence.

KINDNESS INTERVENTION AND SELF-PERCEPTION OF AGING: AN INTERGENERATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract Performing acts of kindness can enhance benefactors’ well-being. However, few studies have examined its impact on older benefactors. This study aimed at evaluating this intervention among older adults and exploring “side benefits” beyond well-being. Specifically, given the negative stereotype on older adults as unproductive and incompetent, we hypothesized that acts of kindness could combat against older adults’ internalized negative self-perceptions and enhance their self-concept. We conducted a randomized controlled experiment with 45 participants in the United Kingdom aged 61-80 (73% female). In the experimental condition, for 14 consecutive days, participants recalled up to three acts of kindness they did for others on that day and planned up to three acts of kindness on the next day, as opposed to listing up to three places they were at in the control condition. Surprisingly, our pre-test post-test comparison revealed no significant difference in well-being improvement between the two conditions. Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed an improvement in attitudes toward own aging, especially for their age-related cognitions in the gain (vs. loss) domain. Beneficiaries were mostly family members (34%), followed by community members (25%) and friends/colleagues (21%). For intergenerational acts of kindness, participants reported similar frequencies of younger and older beneficiaries (compared to their age) and provided predominantly emotional (vs. instrumental) support. Taken together, performing acts of kindness may help older adults counteract negative aging stereotypes and see themselves in a more positive lens as productive and competent members of society.

Effects of microfinance and small loans centre on poverty reduction in Wa West District, Ghana

Poverty, a pervasive and consequential global issue, has garnered significant attention due to its wide-reaching prevalence and profound implications. Various strategies, including microfinance, have been implemented to tackle this pressing concern. One such strategy is the Microfinance and Small Loans Centre (MASLOC) in Ghana, which aims to reduce poverty. However, despite its potential, MASLOC's role in poverty reduction has yet to be thoroughly examined, leading to inconclusive findings, and necessitating this study. A single case study design addressed this research gap and provided valuable insights. A comprehensive dataset was compiled through interviews and observations involving 40 MASLOC beneficiaries and officials. Thematic analysis was utilized to dissect the collected data, revealing noteworthy patterns and trends. The study's outcomes shed light on MASLOC's effectiveness in mitigating poverty. Specifically, it was found that MASLOC played a pivotal role in poverty reduction by bolstering income levels, amplifying consumption patterns, facilitating access to fundamental necessities, and enabling the accumulation of valuable assets. Nevertheless, the analysis also highlighted specific challenges. Issues related to loan repayment and staffing emerged as constraints within the MASLOC framework. In essence, the study established that MASLOC contributes to the overarching goal of poverty reduction. The findings are helpful because fostering a positive attitude towards loan repayment is crucial, and this endeavour should be complemented by the strategic recruitment of competent staff members who can effectively navigate the intricacies of the scheme to ensure the sustainability of MASLOC. What sets this study apart is its innovative exploration of the impact of MASLOC on poverty—a primarily overlooked facet. By delving into this uncharted territory, the study enriches the ongoing discourse surrounding government microfinance schemes' influence on its beneficiaries. This research contributes not only to the academic realm but also to the practical realm, as it offers actionable insights for policymakers in poverty reduction.

Peranan Pendidikan Islam Berbasis Masyarakat (Studi terhadap Kajian Rutin di Masjid Raya Istiqlal Kampung Kalawi Kota Padang)

The research is motivated by the problem of moral decadence so that it requires community involvement in education management. This research aims to describe the role of community-based Islamic education in routine studies conducted at the Istiqlal Grand Mosque, Kampung Kalawi. The method used in this research is qualitative. Research data was obtained from primary and secondary sources, namely the chairman, administrators and congregation of the Istiqlal Grand Mosque, Kampung Kalawi. The data collection techniques used are interviews and observation, while the data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results of this research show that the routine study activities carried out by the Istiqlal Kampung Kalawi Grand Mosque are numerous in detail: 1) every day after morning prayers, the speakers are from competent community members, 2) every Saturday after morning prayers, the speakers are from outside experts. in the field he studies, with predetermined studies (beliefs, hadith, tafsir and fiqh, 3) every Wednesday after sunset, the speakers are people who are competent in the theme he studies, 4) every Friday after evening prayer, discusses and practices reading the Koran community, the speakers are from outside experts in the field of the Koran. Three roles of community-based Islamic education were found in routine studies at the Istiqlal Grand Mosque in Kalawi Village, namely: strengthening the faith, improving the community's reading of the Koran, and strengthening the Islamic brotherhood.

Bribery and Public Procurement Performance at Mbarara City, Uganda

The study investigated the effects of bribery on public procurement performance in Uganda with a focus on Mbarara City. Specifically, the study examined how monetary bribery and non-monetary bribery influence public procurement performance at Mbarara City. A cross-sectional design adopting a quantitative approach was applied. Quantitative data was analyzed using inferential statistics (Spearman correlation, coefficient of determination and regression). Qualitative data on the other hand was analyzed using content and thematic analysis. The findings revealed a strong negative influence of bribery on public procurement performance whereby more bribery contributed to poor public procurement performance and less bribery contributed to better public procurement performance. The study recommended that municipal councils should develop mechanisms for strengthening and operationalizing available measures to combat bribery to improve public procurement performance. Such mechanisms may include encouraging whistle blowers, selection of professional and competent members on evaluation committees and reducing the bureaucracy.

A Study on the Informal Learning Process in an Online Community

This study provides a conceptual framework for the informal learning process in an online community. We conducted in-depth interviews with 11 community members and analyzed the data based on grounded theory. The study results are as follows: First, the causal conditions are ‘high intellectual growth desire, competent group members, interesting academic field, recommendation from trusted members,’ and the contextual condition is ‘lack of learning opportunities.’ Second, the core phenomenon is ‘intellectual play and reflection by observation.’ Third, the intervening conditions are a ‘humane atmosphere, unconscious sense of responsibility,’ and the strategies for action and interaction are ‘sustainability and transfer of learning, questions that provoke joint participation, fair regulation of speaking rights.’ Fourth, we analyzed the outcomes as ‘holistic growth experience, synchronization of passion, serendipitous insight, and abundant mindset.’ Based on the selective coding, the informal learning process consists of three stages: ‘enthusiasm and respect atmosphere’ for the early stage, ‘play and reflection’ for the mid stage, and ‘growth experiences and abundant mindset’ for the late stage. The core category is integrated as ‘limitless learning by intellectual play’. We discuss practical suggestions for informal learning in the online community.

Majority rule can help solve difficult tasks even when confident members opt out to serve individual interests

When sharing a common goal, confident and competent members are often motivated to contribute to the group, boosting its decision performance. However, it is unclear whether this process remains effective when members can opt in or out of group decisions and prioritize individual interests. Our laboratory experiment (n = 63) and cognitive modeling showed that at the individual level, confidence, competence, and a preference for risk motivated participants’ opt-out decisions. We then analyzed the group-level accuracy of majority decisions by creating many virtual groups of 25 members resampled from the 63 participants in the experiment. Whereas the majority decisions by voters who preferred to participate in group decision making were inferior to individual decisions by loners who opted out in an easy task, this was reversed in a difficult task. Bootstrap-simulation analyses decomposed these outcomes into the effects of a decrease in group size and a decrease in voters’ accuracy accruing from the opt-in/out mechanism, demonstrating how these effects interacted with task difficulty. Our results suggest that the majority rule still works to tackle challenging problems even when individual interests are emphasized over collective performance, playing a functional as well as a democratic role in consensus decision making under uncertainty.

Contract Management System among Selected Construction Companies in Qatar

The State of Qatar's construction industry proliferates, attracting international investors and contractors to large-scale projects. This growth, however, is accompanied by an inevitable increase in claims and disputes, causing significant delays and additional costs to the project. The study’s focus is to understand better the practical problems affecting the contract management system’s efficiencies in selected construction companies in Qatar. A descriptive correlational research design method was carried out using a survey questionnaire to determine the degree of importance and awareness of the contract management system in terms of risk, change, and claim management. Also, the results revealed that employees perceived risk, change, and claim management as integral parts of the contract management system. A Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test the correlation between the variables covered in the study, and the statistical evidence concluded that there is a significant strong linear relationship between the degree of importance and awareness in the contract management system. Therefore, based on the literature presented in this study and the data gathered from fifty-two respondents who voluntarily participated in the survey, the authors recommended that the organizations must embrace these contract management methods to cut costs, shorten lead times, and boost profitability: clear dispute resolution procedures, precise change control procedures, proper record keeping, effective risk mitigation plan, competent team members, and the organization's capability and readiness to resort to arbitration when other dispute resolution procedures are exhausted.